{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2949330587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33899/alaw.2007.160501","title":"\u0625\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u06cc \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (40) \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2003 - \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629","display_name":"\u0625\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u06cc \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (40) \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2003 - \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2949330587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33899/alaw.2007.160501","mag":"2949330587"},"language":"ar","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.33899/alaw.2007.160501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33899/alaw.2007.160501","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33899/alaw.2007.160501","pdf_url":"https://alaw.mosuljournals.com/article_160501_9db560bc931bc05b1203f1fbe02a80ba.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226485","display_name":"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642","issn_l":"1819-1746","issn":["1819-1746","2664-2778"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4362726136","host_organization_name":"University of Mosul","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4362726136"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Mosul"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://alaw.mosuljournals.com/article_160501_9db560bc931bc05b1203f1fbe02a80ba.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0631","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12150220","display_name":"University of Mosul","ror":"https://ror.org/039cf4q47","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12150220"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0631","raw_affiliation_strings":["Private Law, Faculty of Law, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Private Law, Faculty of Law, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12150220"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12150220"],"apc_list":{"value":100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":100},"apc_paid":{"value":100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":100},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"33","first_page":"145","last_page":"198"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12509","display_name":"Corporate Insolvency and Governance","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12509","display_name":"Corporate Insolvency and Governance","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12669","display_name":"Comparative International Legal Studies","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12982","display_name":"Legal principles and applications","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bank-bankruptcy","display_name":"bank bankruptcy","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-credit","display_name":"trade credit","score":0.5070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debt-default","display_name":"debt default","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/creditors-rights","display_name":"creditor protection","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commercial-law","display_name":"commercial law","score":0.4189999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparative-law","display_name":"comparative law","score":0.5649999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2401682436466217}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.33899/alaw.2007.160501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33899/alaw.2007.160501","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33899/alaw.2007.160501","pdf_url":"https://alaw.mosuljournals.com/article_160501_9db560bc931bc05b1203f1fbe02a80ba.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226485","display_name":"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642","issn_l":"1819-1746","issn":["1819-1746","2664-2778"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4362726136","host_organization_name":"University of Mosul","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4362726136"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Mosul"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:207ec165afef42c6a015c3f7d71b587b","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/207ec165afef42c6a015c3f7d71b587b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642, Vol 12, Iss 33, Pp 145-198 (2007)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a9ad41829d0a4585a188a26e57ce5d58","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a9ad41829d0a4585a188a26e57ce5d58","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642, Vol 9, Iss 33 (2007)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.33899/alaw.2007.160501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33899/alaw.2007.160501","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33899/alaw.2007.160501","pdf_url":"https://alaw.mosuljournals.com/article_160501_9db560bc931bc05b1203f1fbe02a80ba.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226485","display_name":"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642","issn_l":"1819-1746","issn":["1819-1746","2664-2778"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4362726136","host_organization_name":"University of Mosul","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4362726136"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Mosul"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.47620001435279846,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2949330587.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2949330587.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4406992920","https://openalex.org/W4399274863","https://openalex.org/W4311112548","https://openalex.org/W4410048622","https://openalex.org/W3136098353","https://openalex.org/W4362661033","https://openalex.org/W7115205753","https://openalex.org/W4390204581","https://openalex.org/W4399717234","https://openalex.org/W6947763819"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u06cc\u0639\u062f":[0],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646":[1,74],"\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633":[2],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644":[3],"\u0641\u06cc":[4,44,53,97,103],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u06cc\u0627\u0629":[5],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0629":[6],"\u060c":[7,31,78,99],"\u0628\u0644":[8],"\u0627\u0646":[9,36,84],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638":[10],"\u0639\u0644\u0649":[11,119],"\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d":[12],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631":[13,95,120],"(\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621":[14],"\u0623\u06a9\u0627\u0646":[15],"\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627":[16],"\u0627\u0645":[17],"\u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627":[18],"\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0627)":[19],"\u0623\u0646\u0647":[20],"\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637":[21],"\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627":[22],"\u0648\u062b\u06cc\u0642\u0627":[23],"\u0628\u0645\u062f\u0649":[24],"\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629":[25],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u06cc":[26,42],"\u06cc\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0627":[27],"\u0644\u0647":[28],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646":[29],"\u0645\u0639\u0647":[30],"\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629":[32],"\u0627\u0630\u0627":[33,93],"\u0645\u0627":[34],"\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627":[35],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637":[37],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc":[38],"\u0623\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647":[39],"\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633":[40],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644":[41],"\u062a\u06a9\u0648\u0646":[43],"\u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628":[45],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u06cc\u0627\u0646":[46],"\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b":[47],"\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629":[48],"\u0642\u062f":[49],"\u0644\u0627":[50,82],"\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631":[51],"\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0647":[52],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644":[54],"\u0645\u0645\u0627":[55],"\u06cc\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647":[56],"\u0627\u0644\u0649":[57,72],"\u062a\u0623\u062c\u06cc\u0644":[58],"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621":[59],"\u0628\u0647\u0627":[60],"\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628":[61],"\u0622\u062c\u0627\u0644":[62],"\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629":[63],"\u0644\u0630\u0644\u06a9":[64],"\u0645\u0646":[65],"\u0642\u0628\u0644":[66],"\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646\u06cc\u0647":[67],"\u0627\u0644\u0630\u06cc\u0646":[68],"\u06cc\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0648\u0646\u0647":[69],"\u0630\u0644\u06a9":[70],"\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627":[71],"\u0647\u0630\u0627":[73,80],"\u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649":[75],"\u062b\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0645":[76],"\u0628\u0647":[77],"\u0644\u06a9\u0646":[79],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644":[81],"\u06cc\u0645\u06a9\u0646":[83],"\u06cc\u062a\u0631\u06a9":[85,107],"\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646":[86,109],"\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0629":[87],"\u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0629":[88],"\u062a\u0624\u0645\u0646":[89],"\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646\u06cc\u0646":[90],"\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645":[91],"\u0628\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0645":[92],"\u0623\u062e\u0644":[94],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0646":[96],"\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627":[98],"\u0644\u0630\u0627":[100],"\u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638":[101],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639":[102],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0646":[104],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629":[105],"\u0644\u0645":[106],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631":[108],"\u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645":[110],"\u062a\u0634\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u06cc":[111],"\u0641\u0623\u0633\u0633":[112],"\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645":[113],"\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633":[114],"\u06a9\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629":[115],"\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629":[116],"\u0648\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0629":[117],"\u0644\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637":[118],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0639":[121],"\u0627\u0648":[122],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641":[123],"\u0639\u0646":[124],"\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f":[125],"\u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0647.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2019-06-27T00:00:00"}