{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2949175182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsurg.2019.05.008","title":"Distribution of General Surgery Residencies in the United States and Gender Inequality: Are We There Yet?","display_name":"Distribution of General Surgery Residencies in the United States and Gender Inequality: Are We There Yet?","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2949175182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsurg.2019.05.008","mag":"2949175182","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31235443"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jsurg.2019.05.008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsurg.2019.05.008","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsurg.2019.05.008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S74622277","display_name":"Journal of surgical education","issn_l":"1878-7452","issn":["1878-7452","1931-7204"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Surgical Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000351622","display_name":"Adel Elkbuli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7730-617X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7730-617X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Adel Elkbuli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, Kendall Regional Medical Center, Miami, Florida. Electronic address: adel.elkbuli@hcahealth.com","Department of Surgery, Kendall Regional Medical Center, Miami, Florida"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Kendall Regional Medical Center, Miami, Florida. Electronic address: adel.elkbuli@hcahealth.com","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Kendall Regional Medical Center, Miami, Florida","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074717561","display_name":"Raed Ismail Narvel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raed Ismail Narvel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, Kendall Regional Medical Center, Miami, Florida"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Kendall Regional Medical Center, Miami, Florida","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060762017","display_name":"Brianna Dowd","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brianna Dowd","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, Kendall Regional Medical Center, Miami, Florida"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Kendall Regional Medical Center, Miami, Florida","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111834352","display_name":"Mark George McKenney","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark McKenney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, Kendall Regional Medical Center, Miami, Florida"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Kendall Regional Medical Center, Miami, Florida","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057414415","display_name":"Dessy Boneva","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dessy Boneva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, Kendall Regional Medical Center, Miami, Florida"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Kendall Regional Medical Center, Miami, Florida","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000351622"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3000},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9318,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86893691,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"76","issue":"6","first_page":"1460","last_page":"1468"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10843","display_name":"Diversity and Career in Medicine","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10843","display_name":"Diversity and Career in Medicine","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11990","display_name":"Global Health Workforce Issues","score":0.005799999926239252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11731","display_name":"Global Health and Surgery","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-surgery-residency","display_name":"general surgery residency","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-disparities","display_name":"racial disparities","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-room-staff","display_name":"surgical workforce","score":0.328000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779767262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5592059","display_name":"Graduate medical education","level":3,"score":0.7253705859184265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.6250098943710327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61521584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q705899","display_name":"Accreditation","level":2,"score":0.5775891542434692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.559485137462616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4935101270675659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4925609230995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76509639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918036","display_name":"Race (biology)","level":2,"score":0.46750980615615845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.4448699951171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.43004006147384644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.20752492547035217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.1326913833618164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08620089292526245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004503","descriptor_name":"Education, Medical, Graduate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007396","descriptor_name":"Internship and Residency","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008137","descriptor_name":"Longitudinal Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013502","descriptor_name":"General Surgery","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D063507","descriptor_name":"Sexism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D066231","descriptor_name":"Surgeons","qualifier_ui":"Q000600","qualifier_name":"supply & distribution","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jsurg.2019.05.008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsurg.2019.05.008","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsurg.2019.05.008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S74622277","display_name":"Journal of surgical education","issn_l":"1878-7452","issn":["1878-7452","1931-7204"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Surgical Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31235443","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31235443","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of surgical education","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.9933000206947327,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8048999905586243,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W53431134","https://openalex.org/W1523522747","https://openalex.org/W1996871820","https://openalex.org/W1999251957","https://openalex.org/W2001364433","https://openalex.org/W2004935981","https://openalex.org/W2006549717","https://openalex.org/W2035183019","https://openalex.org/W2043591062","https://openalex.org/W2048456804","https://openalex.org/W2061660191","https://openalex.org/W2074603526","https://openalex.org/W2102804373","https://openalex.org/W2134763860","https://openalex.org/W2220448508","https://openalex.org/W2274433846","https://openalex.org/W2783978823","https://openalex.org/W2800282994","https://openalex.org/W2883118559","https://openalex.org/W2886763754","https://openalex.org/W2887782074","https://openalex.org/W2938009001","https://openalex.org/W3036654554"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2035183019","https://openalex.org/W7167280808","https://openalex.org/W2071277771","https://openalex.org/W2472804790","https://openalex.org/W4404623860","https://openalex.org/W4386243698","https://openalex.org/W3126481051","https://openalex.org/W2003295551","https://openalex.org/W3045623641","https://openalex.org/W2098467460"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2019-06-27T00:00:00"}