{"id":"https://openalex.org/W29486228","doi":null,"title":"EFFECTIVENESS OF MIDDLE LEVEL MANAGERS OF STATE UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES IN CAGAYAN VALLEY, PHILIPPINES","display_name":"EFFECTIVENESS OF MIDDLE LEVEL MANAGERS OF STATE UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES IN CAGAYAN VALLEY, PHILIPPINES","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W29486228","mag":"29486228"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:29486228","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-2923964691/effectiveness-of-middle-level-managers-of-state-universities","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764972697","display_name":"Researchers World \u2013 Journal of Arts Science & Commerce","issn_l":"2229-4686","issn":["2229-4686","2231-4172"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Researchers World \u2013 Journal of Arts Science & Commerce","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032319275","display_name":"John N. Cabansag","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0356-2626","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0356-2626"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John N. Cabansag","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0356-2626","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032319275"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00632937,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"1","first_page":"40","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12952","display_name":"School Leadership and Teacher Performance","score":0.3582000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12952","display_name":"School Leadership and Teacher Performance","score":0.3582000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13580","display_name":"Management and Performance Evaluation","score":0.3578999936580658,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13884","display_name":"Educational Leadership and Practices","score":0.13339999318122864,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middle-managers","display_name":"middle managers","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/managerial-effectiveness","display_name":"management effectiveness","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leadership-styles","display_name":"leadership styles","score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-colleges-and-universities","display_name":"state universities and colleges","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/university-administration","display_name":"university administration","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-budget-constraints","display_name":"school budget constraints","score":0.42399999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-vandalism","display_name":"school vandalism","score":0.4429999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-support","display_name":"management support","score":0.4090000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cagayan-valley","display_name":"Cagayan Valley","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/managerial-skills","display_name":"management skills","score":0.47699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-dropout","display_name":"school dropout","score":0.722000002861023}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160682292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q999897","display_name":"Middle management","level":2,"score":0.5968614220619202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.536756157875061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991779303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6841486","display_name":"Middle level","level":3,"score":0.4738234281539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100207952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7311597","display_name":"Remedial education","level":2,"score":0.44843852519989014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.42741072177886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.37855690717697144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.37568455934524536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.35536736249923706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.28195828199386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.27887797355651855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.21586090326309204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19400790333747864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1621195673942566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.1260923147201538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.10632947087287903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:29486228","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-2923964691/effectiveness-of-middle-level-managers-of-state-universities","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764972697","display_name":"Researchers World \u2013 Journal of Arts Science & Commerce","issn_l":"2229-4686","issn":["2229-4686","2231-4172"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Researchers World \u2013 Journal of Arts Science & Commerce","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6164000034332275,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1339201424","display_name":"Mitochondrial genetics in skeletal muscle aging","funder_award_id":"K08AG032873","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2367499637","display_name":"Mitochondrial biogenesis, genetics and cell loss in mammalian aging","funder_award_id":"R01AG055518","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2440447594","display_name":"Impact of Exercise on Sarcopenia","funder_award_id":"R01AG030423","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3382535792","display_name":"Molecular Mechanisms of Neuromuscular Interactions Underlying Age-Related Atrophy","funder_award_id":"P01AG051442","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7553671288","display_name":"Integrated Training For Physician-Scientists","funder_award_id":"T32GM008692","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","funder_display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7843661573","display_name":"UCLA Older Americans Independence Center","funder_award_id":"P30AG028748","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8394095177","display_name":"Defining the relative roles of pre- and post-synaptic events in the initiation and progression of sarcopenia","funder_award_id":"R01AG050676","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000884844","display_name":"Diabetes Research Center (DRC)","funder_award_id":"P30DK063491","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000888468","display_name":"Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center at the University of Michigan (UM Pepper Center)","funder_award_id":"P30AG024824","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000915691","display_name":"Interventions Testing Program at UM","funder_award_id":"U01AG022303","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306135","display_name":"Ellison Medical Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01pqy3846"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306228","display_name":"American Federation for Aging Research","ror":"https://ror.org/000r61a05"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306710","display_name":"Glenn Foundation for Medical Research","ror":"https://ror.org/02ebg5q27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","display_name":"National Institute on Aging","ror":"https://ror.org/049v75w11"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04q48ey07"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00adh9b73"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W134557637","https://openalex.org/W636763095","https://openalex.org/W1494804747","https://openalex.org/W1548580832","https://openalex.org/W1693731968","https://openalex.org/W1975446127","https://openalex.org/W2022521733"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3111728543","https://openalex.org/W6950223309","https://openalex.org/W4415724845","https://openalex.org/W4406149517","https://openalex.org/W4403813692","https://openalex.org/W2904606343","https://openalex.org/W2294149076","https://openalex.org/W4382811762","https://openalex.org/W7215305104","https://openalex.org/W2562556748"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACTThe":[0],"study":[1,21,48,474],"aimed":[2],"to":[3,34,150,177,224,296,338,368,376,397,422,471,498,519,562],"assess":[4],"the":[5,8,30,36,39,47,50,59,66,90,93,97,108,143,151,172,195,225,236,248,264,284,297,300,311,326,333,344,353,364,389,410,415,437,441,447,451,453,464,467,476,491,525,542,545,558,567,573,578,593],"correlates":[6,57],"of":[7,10,13,38,58,61,69,92,99,112,138,156,191,198,204,217,227,238,253,287,299,316,325,332,341,346,352,363,408,417,443,450,478,481,494,544,552,569,575,580,592],"effectiveness":[9,37,60,91,477,568],"middle-level":[11,94,479,570],"managers":[12,64,95,101,206,252,309,480,571,576],"State":[14,482,597],"Universities":[15,483,598],"and":[16,52,79,82,129,133,140,162,193,212,219,267,276,313,462,484,503,521,529,560,584,588],"Colleges":[17,485],"in":[18,77,96,202,233,358,385,403,436,446,460,486,532,566,572,577,595,599],"Cagayan":[19,487,600],"Valley.The":[20],"which":[22],"was":[23],"designed":[24],"as":[25,261,263],"a":[26,280,304,323,473],"descriptive":[27],"research":[28],"used":[29,49],"researcher":[31],"made":[32],"questionnaire":[33],"determine":[35],"middlelevel":[40],"managers.":[41],"To":[42,168],"ascertain":[43],"their":[44,100],"leadership":[45],"styles,":[46],"Blake":[51],"Mouton's":[53],"Managerial":[54],"Grid":[55],"Questionnaire.The":[56],"middle":[62],"level":[63],"were":[65],"total":[67],"number":[68],"teaching":[70],"hours":[71],"per":[72],"week,":[73],"articles":[74],"written/published,":[75],"membership":[76],"professional":[78,553],"community":[80],"organizations":[81],"age.Several":[83],"problems":[84],"had":[85],"been":[86],"noted":[87],"adversely":[88],"affecting":[89],"exercise":[98],"functions.":[102],"The":[103,555],"most":[104,407],"serious":[105,281],"ones":[106],"include":[107],"inadequate":[109],"budget,":[110],"presence":[111],"school":[113,119,121,127,147,205],"personnel":[114],"with":[115,165,463,515],"vested":[116],"interest,":[117],"uncooperative":[118],"personnel,":[120],"site":[122,148],"ownership":[123],"problem,":[124],"vandalism":[125],"on":[126,274,475],"facilities":[128],"projects,":[130],"poor":[131],"communication":[132],"management":[456],"information":[135],"system,":[136],"lack":[137,416],"understanding":[139],"support":[141],"from":[142],"top-level":[144],"management,":[145,581],"remote":[146],"relative":[149],"population":[152],"center,":[153],"high":[154],"rate":[155],"students'":[157],"drop-out":[158],"irrelevant":[159],"course":[160],"offerings,":[161],"enrolment":[163],"competition":[164],"private":[166,377],"schools.":[167],"remedy":[169],"these":[170,510],"problems,":[171],"author":[173],"presented":[174],"some":[175,239],"recommendations":[176],"improve":[178,522],"effectiveness.Keywords:":[180],"Middle-level":[181],"Managers,":[182],"Effectiveness,":[183],"Management":[184],"Skills,":[185],"Leadership":[186],"Style,":[187],"CorrelatesINTRODUCTION:In":[188],"this":[189,459,504],"age":[190],"change":[192],"innovations,":[194],"educational":[196],"system":[197],"any":[199,317,433],"society":[200],"is":[201,247,303,373,382,394,413,455,469,497,548],"need":[203,390],"who":[207,229],"are":[208,230,310,366,400,512],"not":[209,374,414],"only":[210,349,506],"efficient":[211],"effective,":[213],"but":[214,380],"also":[215,383],"capable":[216],"designing":[218],"maintaining":[220],"an":[221,549],"environment":[222],"conducive":[223],"performance":[226],"individuals":[228],"working":[231],"together":[232],"groups":[234],"towards":[235],"accomplishment":[237],"pre-selected":[240],"objectives":[241],"(Koontz,":[242],"et":[243],"al,":[244],"1981).":[245],"This":[246,278,371],"challenge":[249],"that":[250,291,307,321,399],"every":[251],"today":[254],"faces.The":[255],"recent":[256],"policies":[257],"for":[258,391,406,439],"higher":[259,495],"education,":[260,541],"well":[262],"rapid":[265],"technological":[266],"social":[268,538],"changes,":[269],"have":[270],"placed":[271],"new":[272,334],"responsibilities":[273],"colleges":[275],"universities.":[277],"necessitates":[279],"look":[282],"into":[283],"aspect":[286],"academic":[288],"institution":[289],"so":[290],"they":[292],"could":[293],"fully":[294],"contribute":[295],"development":[298,405,543],"society.But":[301],"it":[424],"sad":[305],"fact":[306],"effective":[308],"basic":[312],"limited":[314],"resources":[315],"enterprise.":[318],"Statistics":[319],"show":[320,563],"within":[322],"period":[324],"first":[327],"two":[328],"years,":[329],"one":[330,350,355],"half":[331],"business":[335,378],"establishments":[336],"started":[337],"go":[339],"out":[340],"business.":[342],"By":[343],"end":[345],"five":[347],"years":[348],"third":[351],"original":[354],"hundred":[356],"remain":[357],"operation":[359],"(Terry,":[360],"1960).":[361],"Most":[362],"failures":[365],"attributed":[367],"ineffective":[369],"leadership.":[370],"problem":[372,412],"confined":[375],"enterprises":[379],"true":[384],"government":[386],"agencies.":[387],"Ironically,":[388],"managerial":[392],"talent":[393],"more":[395],"pressing":[396],"nation":[398],"facing":[401],"difficulties":[402],"economic":[404,444],"":[409],"chief":[411],"knowledge":[418],"about":[419],"how":[420],"best":[421],"employ":[423],"(":[425],"Talingdan,":[426],"1966).":[427],"One":[428],"authority":[429],"once":[430],"said,":[431],"If":[432],"single":[434],"factor":[435,454],"key":[438],"unlocking":[440],"force":[442],"growth":[445],"underdeveloped":[448],"areas":[449],"world,":[452],"(Robock,":[457],"2005).Having":[458],"mind":[461],"experience":[465],"encountered,":[466],"writer":[468,556],"inspired":[470],"conduct":[472],"Valley,":[488,601],"Philippines.":[489,602],"Furthermore,":[490],"current":[492],"thrust":[493],"education":[496],"provide":[499],"world":[500],"class":[501],"graduates":[502],"can":[505],"be":[507],"achieved":[508],"if":[509],"schools":[511],"effectively":[513],"managed":[514],"standard":[516],"requirements":[517],"needed":[518],"strengthen":[520],"instruction,":[523],"hence":[524],"study.":[526],"As":[527],"Tanner":[528,530],"mentioned,":[531],"profession":[533],"whether":[534],"medicine,":[535],"law,":[536],"dentistry,":[537],"work":[539],"or":[540],"field":[546],"itself":[547],"important":[550],"part":[551],"knowledge.":[554],"holds":[557],"responsibility":[559],"willingness":[561],"his":[564],"findings":[565],"area":[574,579],"supervision,":[582],"faculty":[583],"human":[585],"relations":[586],"practices":[587],"other":[589],"related":[590],"factors":[591],"deans":[594],"all":[596],"\u2026":[603]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
