{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2948029488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jees/9-4-06","title":"Characterization of Major Ion Chemistry and Hydro-Geochemical Processes in Mt. Elgon Trans-Boundary Aquifer and Their Impacts on Public Health","display_name":"Characterization of Major Ion Chemistry and Hydro-Geochemical Processes in Mt. Elgon Trans-Boundary Aquifer and Their Impacts on Public Health","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2948029488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jees/9-4-06","mag":"2948029488"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7176/jees/9-4-06","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jees/9-4-06","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jees/9-4-06","pdf_url":"https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEES/article/download/47529/49071","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765063060","display_name":"Journal of environment and earth science","issn_l":"2224-3216","issn":["2224-3216"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4360969247","host_organization_name":"Bilingual Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4360969247"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bilingual Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Environment and Earth Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEES/article/download/47529/49071","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068041138","display_name":"Japhet Rugendo Kanoti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8291-7263","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8291-7263"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12859529","display_name":"University of Nairobi","ror":"https://ror.org/02y9nww90","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12859529"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Japhet Rugendo Kanoti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197 -00100 Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197 -00100 Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12859529"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020533777","display_name":"Daniel Ochieng Olago","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6080-5802","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6080-5802"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12859529","display_name":"University of Nairobi","ror":"https://ror.org/02y9nww90","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12859529"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Olago","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197 -00100 Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197 -00100 Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12859529"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022803948","display_name":"Norbert Opiyo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12859529","display_name":"University of Nairobi","ror":"https://ror.org/02y9nww90","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12859529"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norbert Opiyo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197 -00100 Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197 -00100 Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12859529"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112718999","display_name":"Christopher M. Nyamai","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12859529","display_name":"University of Nairobi","ror":"https://ror.org/02y9nww90","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12859529"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Nyamai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197 -00100 Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197 -00100 Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12859529"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113684364","display_name":"E. Dindi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12859529","display_name":"University of Nairobi","ror":"https://ror.org/02y9nww90","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12859529"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edwin Dindi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197 -00100 Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197 -00100 Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12859529"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060863282","display_name":"Zacharia Njuguna Kuria","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1158-5986","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1158-5986"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12859529","display_name":"University of Nairobi","ror":"https://ror.org/02y9nww90","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12859529"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zachary Kuria","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197 -00100 Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197 -00100 Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12859529"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12859529"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10398","display_name":"Groundwater and Isotope Geochemistry","score":0.4675000011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1906","display_name":"Geochemistry and Petrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10398","display_name":"Groundwater and Isotope Geochemistry","score":0.4675000011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1906","display_name":"Geochemistry and Petrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12773","display_name":"Water Quality and Resources Studies","score":0.2964000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11634","display_name":"Water Quality and Pollution Assessment","score":0.22190000116825104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/groundwater-hydrochemistry","display_name":"hydrogeochemistry","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/major-ion-chemistry","display_name":"major ion chemistry","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogeochemical-processes","display_name":"hydrogeochemical processes","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcium-carbonate-dissolution","display_name":"calcium carbonate dissolution","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/halite-dissolution","display_name":"halite dissolution","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ion-exchange","display_name":"ion exchange","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drinking-water-quality","display_name":"drinking water quality","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-health-risk","display_name":"public health risk","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fertilizer-use","display_name":"fertilizer use","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catchment-degradation","display_name":"catchment degradation","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metamorphic-rock","display_name":"metamorphic rock","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kenya-uganda-border","display_name":"Kenya-Uganda border","score":0.75}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75622301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208791","display_name":"Aquifer","level":3,"score":0.7699099183082581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76177295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161598","display_name":"Groundwater","level":2,"score":0.7647080421447754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781113784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5314","display_name":"Halite","level":3,"score":0.696814239025116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780797713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625376","display_name":"Water quality","level":2,"score":0.5451603531837463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780659211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181699","display_name":"Carbonate","level":2,"score":0.5014185905456543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88380143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q416674","display_name":"Dissolution","level":2,"score":0.4833618998527527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.4449276924133301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.39081841707229614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.31111714243888855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2914913296699524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.09893423318862915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0834236741065979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109007969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749565","display_name":"Structural basin","level":2,"score":0.08076468110084534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7176/jees/9-4-06","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jees/9-4-06","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jees/9-4-06","pdf_url":"https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEES/article/download/47529/49071","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765063060","display_name":"Journal of environment and earth science","issn_l":"2224-3216","issn":["2224-3216"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4360969247","host_organization_name":"Bilingual Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4360969247"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bilingual Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Environment and Earth Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke:11295/106933","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/106933","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402107","display_name":"University of Nairobi Research Archive (University of Nairobi)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I12859529","host_organization_name":"University of Nairobi","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12859529"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.localhost:article/47529","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEES/article/view/47529","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401197","display_name":"Journals & Books Hosting (International Knowledge Sharing Platform)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Environment and Earth Science; Vol 9, No 4 (2019); 38-45","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.7176/jees/9-4-06","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jees/9-4-06","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jees/9-4-06","pdf_url":"https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEES/article/download/47529/49071","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765063060","display_name":"Journal of environment and earth science","issn_l":"2224-3216","issn":["2224-3216"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4360969247","host_organization_name":"Bilingual Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4360969247"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bilingual Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Environment and Earth Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2948029488.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2948029488.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1962385361","https://openalex.org/W1979049351","https://openalex.org/W2021254093","https://openalex.org/W2066942100","https://openalex.org/W2110878250","https://openalex.org/W2158157625","https://openalex.org/W2162098561","https://openalex.org/W2250122609","https://openalex.org/W2790199914","https://openalex.org/W2800117020"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4309593050","https://openalex.org/W2061211086","https://openalex.org/W4205275692","https://openalex.org/W2885819809","https://openalex.org/W4399385561","https://openalex.org/W3017734128","https://openalex.org/W4225263102","https://openalex.org/W2716469870","https://openalex.org/W4412592278","https://openalex.org/W4399628314"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"is":[1,21,25,72,81,116,269,275],"a":[2,117,128,340],"gradual":[3],"paradox":[4],"shift":[5],"from":[6],"the":[7,46,50,68,74,99,123,134,160,163,171,175,190,197,204,216,254,259,267,288,291,302,307,314,329],"utilization":[8],"of":[9,42,70,76,148,174,184,199,211,236,285,290],"surface":[10,23],"water":[11,24,63,141,149,318,321,338],"to":[12,31,39,48,61,310,342],"groundwater":[13,77,135,205,268,311,348],"in":[14,28,36,159,203,215,301,313],"both":[15,26,278],"urban":[16],"and":[17,34,107,126,137,143,155,162,166,182,201,208,228,249,280,287,298,328],"rural":[18],"Kenya.":[19],"This":[20,131],"because":[22],"diminishing":[27],"quantity":[29],"due":[30,38],"climate":[32],"variability":[33],"deteriorating":[35],"quality":[37,312],"high":[40],"levels":[41],"anthropogenic":[43,279],"contamination.":[44],"In":[45],"quest":[47],"attain":[49],"Sustainable":[51],"Development":[52,93],"Goal":[53],"number":[54],"6":[55],"that":[56,121,150,196,240,257,266],"aim":[57],"at":[58,110,170],"ensuring":[59],"access":[60],"safe":[62],"by":[64,66,277],"all":[65],"2030,":[67],"Government":[69],"Kenya":[71,106,356],"encouraging":[73],"development":[75],"resources":[78],"whose":[79],"potential":[80],"enormous":[82],"though":[83],"it":[84],"has":[85,127],"not":[86],"been":[87],"quantified.":[88],"The":[89,193],"Inter-governmental":[90],"Authority":[91],"on":[92,98,140],"(IGAD)":[94],"supported":[95],"this":[96],"research":[97],"shared":[100],"Mt.":[101,114,354],"Elgon":[102,115],"trans-boundary":[103,129],"aquifer":[104],"between":[105],"Uganda":[108],"aimed":[109],"understanding":[111],"its":[112,138],"dynamics.":[113],"Tertiary":[118],"age":[119],"mountain":[120],"straddles":[122],"Kenya-Uganda":[124],"border":[125],"aquifer.":[130],"study":[132,194],"investigated":[133],"chemistry":[136],"implication":[139],"management":[142],"human":[144,343],"health.":[145,344],"Physico-chemical":[146],"parameters":[147],"included":[151],"electrical":[152],"conductivity,":[153],"pH,":[154],"temperature":[156],"were":[157,168,187,214],"measured":[158,169],"field":[161,191],"major":[164,255],"cations":[165,200],"anions":[167,202],"Central":[172],"Laboratories":[173],"State":[176],"Department":[177],"for":[178,225,271,334],"Water.":[179],"Geological":[180],"mapping":[181],"identification":[183],"sanitary":[185],"risks":[186],"undertaken":[188],"during":[189],"work.":[192],"revealed":[195],"concentration":[198],"varied":[206],"spatially":[207],"temporally.":[209],"Abundance":[210],"these":[212],"ions":[213],"order":[217],"Ca\u00b2\u207a":[218],">":[219,221,223,230,232],"Na\u207a":[220],"Mg\u00b2\u207a":[222],"K\u207a":[224],"most":[226],"samples":[227],"HCO\u2083\u207b":[229],"Cl\u207b":[231],"SO\u2084\u00b2\u207b":[233],">NO\u2083\u207b.":[234],"Interpretation":[235],"hydro-chemical":[237],"data":[238],"suggests":[239],"calcium":[241],"carbonate":[242],"dissolution,":[243,245,353],"halite":[244],"Ca/Na":[246],"ion":[247,251],"exchange":[248,252],"Mg/Na":[250],"are":[253,306],"processes":[256],"control":[258],"ground-water":[260],"chemistry.":[261],"Chemical":[262],"results":[263],"indicate":[264],"further":[265],"suitable":[270],"domestic":[272],"use":[273,284],"but":[274],"threatened":[276],"geological":[281],"factors.":[282],"Extensive":[283],"fertilizer":[286],"destruction":[289],"catchment":[292],"area":[293],"coupled":[294],"with":[295,322],"low":[296],"permeability":[297],"rock-water":[299],"interactions":[300],"metamorphic":[303],"rock":[304],"terrains":[305],"main":[308],"threats":[309],"region.":[315],"A":[316],"few":[317],"points":[319],"had":[320],"some":[323],"ionic":[324],"composition":[325],"exceeding":[326],"WHO":[327],"local":[330],"KEBS":[331],"maximum":[332],"limits":[333],"drinking":[335],"water.":[336],"Such":[337],"pose":[339],"risk":[341],"Keywords:":[345],"Transboundary":[346],"aquifer,":[347],"chemistry,":[349],"Human":[350],"health,":[351],"Carbonate":[352],"Elgo,":[355],"DOI":[357],":":[358,362],"10.7176/JEES/9-4-06":[359],"Publication":[360],"date":[361],"April":[363],"30":[364],"th":[365],"2019":[366]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2019-06-14T00:00:00"}
