{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2947729319","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41935-019-0131-9","title":"Forensic study on the effect of age and illness (Parkinsonism) on handwriting characteristics","display_name":"Forensic study on the effect of age and illness (Parkinsonism) on handwriting characteristics","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2947729319","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41935-019-0131-9","mag":"2947729319"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s41935-019-0131-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41935-019-0131-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41935-019-0131-9","pdf_url":"https://ejfs.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s41935-019-0131-9","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764591111","display_name":"Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences","issn_l":"2090-536X","issn":["2090-536X","2090-5939"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ejfs.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s41935-019-0131-9","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071965318","display_name":"Komal Saini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5172-4699","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5172-4699"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79161377","display_name":"Punjabi University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xdn8y92","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79161377"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Komal Saini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Forensic Science, Punjabi University, Patiala, India","Department of Forensic Science, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Forensic Science, Punjabi University, Patiala, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79161377"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Forensic Science, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79161377"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103730145","display_name":"Manpreet Kaur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7554-208X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7554-208X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79161377","display_name":"Punjabi University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xdn8y92","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79161377"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Manpreet Kaur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Forensic Science, Punjabi University, Patiala, India","Department of Forensic Science, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Forensic Science, Punjabi University, Patiala, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79161377"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Forensic Science, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79161377"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071965318","https://openalex.org/A5103730145"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79161377"],"apc_list":{"value":0,"currency":"USD","value_usd":0},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5761,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65780133,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9692000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9692000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10982","display_name":"Motor Control and Adaptation","score":0.007400000002235174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12070","display_name":"Writing and Handwriting Education","score":0.003599999938160181,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parkinsonism","display_name":"parkinsonism","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aging","display_name":"aging","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting-features","display_name":"handwriting features","score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/document-forgery","display_name":"document forgery","score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retouching","display_name":"retouching","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/letter-formation","display_name":"letter formation","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/writing-speed","display_name":"writing speed","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting-analysis","display_name":"handwriting analysis","score":0.3059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forensic-document-examination","display_name":"forensic document examination","score":0.6399999856948853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779386606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393642","display_name":"Handwriting","level":2,"score":0.9867328405380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776525014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1531991","display_name":"Parkinsonism","level":3,"score":0.8081068992614746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4894191324710846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.38475435972213745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.26808688044548035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18244528770446777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.11447808146476746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.10357385873794556}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s41935-019-0131-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41935-019-0131-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41935-019-0131-9","pdf_url":"https://ejfs.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s41935-019-0131-9","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764591111","display_name":"Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences","issn_l":"2090-536X","issn":["2090-536X","2090-5939"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ff3e83f6965349aca1a7e4b530074c20","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ff3e83f6965349aca1a7e4b530074c20","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s41935-019-0131-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41935-019-0131-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41935-019-0131-9","pdf_url":"https://ejfs.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s41935-019-0131-9","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764591111","display_name":"Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences","issn_l":"2090-536X","issn":["2090-536X","2090-5939"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320767","display_name":"University Grants Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/04p800546"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2947729319.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2947729319.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W601597501","https://openalex.org/W1589287922","https://openalex.org/W1923596556","https://openalex.org/W1975590567","https://openalex.org/W1976423062","https://openalex.org/W1979467348","https://openalex.org/W1991772623","https://openalex.org/W2000296267","https://openalex.org/W2014802492","https://openalex.org/W2078511709","https://openalex.org/W2080508823","https://openalex.org/W2105202313","https://openalex.org/W2127126317","https://openalex.org/W2171000498","https://openalex.org/W2296099959","https://openalex.org/W2319346082","https://openalex.org/W2462868486","https://openalex.org/W2582982239","https://openalex.org/W2777736689","https://openalex.org/W2889840846","https://openalex.org/W4237443068"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2105202313","https://openalex.org/W2388564894","https://openalex.org/W3209091399","https://openalex.org/W4388738468","https://openalex.org/W3191497796","https://openalex.org/W7094686372","https://openalex.org/W2093976602","https://openalex.org/W2982400259","https://openalex.org/W1991772623","https://openalex.org/W7222581353"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"Handwriting":[1,116,135],"is":[2],"a":[3,96,247],"neuromuscular":[4],"task.":[5],"Old":[6],"age":[7,88,112,122,201,237,264],"and":[8,51,64,90,98,113,124,144,158,169,174,203,215,238,266],"illness":[9,239],"may":[10,29,69],"produce":[11],"significant":[12],"deteriorating":[13],"effects":[14],"on":[15],"the":[16,26,103,194,221,231,241,253],"quality":[17,39,140,254],"of":[18,20,32,40,77,86,150,156,162,193,199,206,223,233,243,255,262,292],"handwriting/signatures":[19,256],"an":[21,74,244],"individual.":[22],"In":[23],"some":[24],"cases,":[25],"affected":[27,219],"writings":[28],"be":[30,258,290],"suspected":[31],"being":[33],"forged":[34],"due":[35,109],"to":[36,60,72,101,110,185,230,281],"poor":[37],"line":[38,139],"handwriting.":[41],"Important":[42],"documents":[43],"such":[44,137,297],"as":[45,138,279],"wills,":[46],"receipts,":[47],"agreements,":[48],"contracts,":[49],"notes,":[50],"drafts":[52],"involve":[53],"handwritten":[54],"contents":[55],"that":[56],"are":[57],"often":[58],"questioned":[59,83],"prove":[61],"their":[62,133,153,274,282],"identity":[63],"genuineness.":[65],"The":[66,286],"document":[67,287],"examiners":[68],"face":[70],"difficulty":[71],"get":[73],"adequate":[75],"number":[76],"contemporary":[78],"standard":[79],"samples":[80,85,117],"while":[81,295],"handling":[82],"handwriting":[84,107,195,242],"old":[87,111,121,200,236,263],"persons":[89,123,202,265],"Parkinsonism":[91,129],"patients.":[92],"Therefore,":[93],"we":[94],"conducted":[95],"qualitative":[97],"statistical":[99],"study":[100],"analyze":[102],"changes":[104],"in":[105,191,197,204,220,246,252,260,267],"various":[106],"features":[108,136,196],"Parkinsonism.":[114,210,227],"Methodology":[115],"from":[118,128,209,226,270],"50":[119],"healthy":[120],"25":[125],"individuals":[126,207,268],"suffering":[127,208,225,269],"were":[130,171,189,217],"collected":[131],"with":[132],"consent.":[134],"defects":[141],"(tremors,":[142],"retouchings,":[143],"pen":[145],"lifts),":[146],"letter":[147],"formations,":[148],"abbreviation/simplification":[149],"letters":[151],"or":[152],"parts,":[154],"nature":[155,161],"initial":[157],"terminal":[159],"strokes,":[160,164],"connecting":[163],"writing":[165,275],"speed,":[166],"overall":[167],"size,":[168],"alignment":[170],"analyzed":[172],"qualitatively":[173],"statistically":[175],"through":[176],"paired":[177],"t":[178],"test":[179],"using":[180],"SPSS":[181],"software.":[182],"Results":[183],"According":[184,229],"results,":[186],"marked":[187],"variations":[188],"evident":[190],"most":[192],"case":[198,205,261],"Two":[211],"features,":[212],"namely":[213],"retouchings":[214],"alignment,":[216],"least":[218],"handwritings":[222],"patients":[224],"Conclusion":[228],"results":[232],"this":[234,293],"study,":[235],"affect":[240],"individual":[245],"considerable":[248],"manner.":[249],"Marked":[250],"deterioration":[251],"can":[257],"observed":[259],"Parkinsonism,":[271],"which":[272],"makes":[273],"appear":[276],"different":[277],"altogether":[278],"compared":[280],"corresponding":[283],"normal":[284],"writing.":[285],"examiner":[288],"must":[289],"aware":[291],"fact":[294],"examining":[296],"cases.":[298]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2019-06-07T00:00:00"}