{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2947660653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44383-0","title":"Spatial Uniformity Assessment of Particles Distributed in a Spherical Fuel Element Using a Non-Destructive Approach","display_name":"Spatial Uniformity Assessment of Particles Distributed in a Spherical Fuel Element Using a Non-Destructive Approach","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2947660653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44383-0","mag":"2947660653","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31133726","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6536678"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-019-44383-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44383-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44383-0","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-44383-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-44383-0.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063069737","display_name":"Xuzhi Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6361-3220","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6361-3220"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuzhi Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089537405","display_name":"Yahui Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2520-1170","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2520-1170"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yahui Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China. yhpeng@bjtu.edu.cn","School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China. yhpeng@bjtu.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058789043","display_name":"Xiangang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5845-6954","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5845-6954"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xian-gang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. wangxiangang@tsinghua.edu.cn","Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. wangxiangang@tsinghua.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070828087","display_name":"Libing Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9780-0095","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9780-0095"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Libing Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073025681","display_name":"Houjin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-8495","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-8495"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Houjin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058789043","https://openalex.org/A5089537405"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070","https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":{"value":1790,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1790},"apc_paid":{"value":1790,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1790},"fwci":0.4131,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54142357,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":"7885","last_page":"7885"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11949","display_name":"Nuclear Physics and Applications","score":0.13809999823570251,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11949","display_name":"Nuclear Physics and Applications","score":0.13809999823570251,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12386","display_name":"Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging","score":0.13230000436306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11778","display_name":"Electrical and Bioimpedance Tomography","score":0.04809999838471413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spherical-fuel-elements","display_name":"spherical fuel elements","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-distribution","display_name":"particle distribution","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computed-tomography","display_name":"computed tomography","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"image processing","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-destructive-testing","display_name":"non-destructive testing","score":0.8989999890327454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777016058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574061","display_name":"Spatial distribution","level":2,"score":0.5186880826950073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4955993890762329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4886668026447296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200288055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2621792","display_name":"Element (criminal law)","level":2,"score":0.4245865046977997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778517922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140482","display_name":"Particle (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.4114503264427185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186060115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30336093","display_name":"Biological system","level":1,"score":0.40410733222961426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3738459348678589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24818313121795654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.17059513926506042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1578088402748108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.13068565726280212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-019-44383-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44383-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44383-0","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-44383-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31133726","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31133726","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific reports","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6536678","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6536678/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sci Rep","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bdef8ca71d5d421b80102aba2838c14b","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bdef8ca71d5d421b80102aba2838c14b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-019-44383-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44383-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44383-0","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-44383-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1214186198","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFC010 5406","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1418027712","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11575095","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1441427072","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11575095","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1449014366","display_name":"\u4e09\u7ef4\u5149\u5b66CT\u6cd5\u6d4b\u91cf\u653e\u7597\u4e09\u7ef4\u5242\u91cf\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u53ca\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61171115","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G232422762","display_name":"\u4e09\u7ef4\u663e\u5faeCT\u6563\u5c04\u7684\u8499\u7279\u5361\u7f57\u6821\u6b63\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61571262","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G267012873","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61571262","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5672613282","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFC010 5406","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7183680885","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61171115","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2947660653.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2947660653.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495204947","https://openalex.org/W1571520002","https://openalex.org/W1623768750","https://openalex.org/W1974679461","https://openalex.org/W1977186495","https://openalex.org/W1989804521","https://openalex.org/W1991359948","https://openalex.org/W2002455298","https://openalex.org/W2005407075","https://openalex.org/W2034211465","https://openalex.org/W2060924170","https://openalex.org/W2061554433","https://openalex.org/W2062807652","https://openalex.org/W2067845475","https://openalex.org/W2085506072","https://openalex.org/W2091186629","https://openalex.org/W2093171186","https://openalex.org/W2095926886","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2157812230","https://openalex.org/W2524302570","https://openalex.org/W2593832217","https://openalex.org/W2780264471","https://openalex.org/W2895732710","https://openalex.org/W4244313132","https://openalex.org/W4246406150","https://openalex.org/W4247545505"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W564794226","https://openalex.org/W3133583403","https://openalex.org/W2070415640","https://openalex.org/W4242675013","https://openalex.org/W337831824","https://openalex.org/W4414443040","https://openalex.org/W2324205969","https://openalex.org/W3026293189","https://openalex.org/W2333506636","https://openalex.org/W2076374656"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"many":[1],"manufacturing":[2],"procedures,":[3],"a":[4,16,52,104,109],"large":[5],"number":[6,105],"of":[7,21,25,34,73,106],"identical":[8],"particles":[9,27,107],"need":[10],"to":[11,31,45,68,101],"be":[12,29,99],"disseminated":[13],"uniformly":[14,112],"into":[15],"given":[17],"space.":[18],"The":[19],"uniformity":[20,50,72],"the":[22,26,32,35,47,70,74,80,84,87,95],"spatial":[23,49,89],"distribution":[24,90],"can":[28,98],"critical":[30],"properties":[33],"final":[36],"products.":[37],"We":[38,92],"proposed":[39,96],"an":[40],"image":[41],"processing-based":[42],"non-destructive":[43],"technique":[44,81,97],"evaluate":[46],"particles'":[48,88],"in":[51,86,108],"spherical":[53],"space":[54],"imaged":[55],"with":[56],"computed":[57],"tomography.":[58],"Both":[59],"graphic":[60],"(qualitative)":[61],"and":[62,115],"numerical":[63],"(quantitative)":[64],"methods":[65],"were":[66],"developed":[67],"demonstrate":[69],"(non-)":[71],"particles.":[75],"Simulation":[76],"results":[77],"indicated":[78],"that":[79,94],"helped":[82],"detecting":[83],"non-uniformity":[85],"accurately.":[91],"conclude":[93],"used":[100],"test":[102],"whether":[103],"sphere":[110],"are":[111],"distributed":[113],"statistically":[114],"graphically.":[116]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2019-06-07T00:00:00"}