{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2947571561","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2019pa003571","title":"Mid\u2010Holocene, Coral\u2010Based Sea Surface Temperatures in the Western Tropical Atlantic","display_name":"Mid\u2010Holocene, Coral\u2010Based Sea Surface Temperatures in the Western Tropical Atlantic","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2947571561","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2019pa003571","mag":"2947571561"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1029/2019pa003571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2019pa003571","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2019pa003571","pdf_url":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2019PA003571","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175021","display_name":"Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology","issn_l":"2572-4517","issn":["2572-4517","2572-4525"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2019PA003571","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103035312","display_name":"Luis Gabriel Rodriguez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4957-9810","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4957-9810"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60388903","display_name":"University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez","ror":"https://ror.org/00wek6x04","country_code":"PR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200399037","https://openalex.org/I60388903"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66958751","display_name":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution","ror":"https://ror.org/03zbnzt98","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66958751"]}],"countries":["PR","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luis G. Rodriguez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geology University of Puerto Rico\u2010Mayag\u00fcez  Mayag\u00fcez Puerto Rico","Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geology University of Puerto Rico\u2010Mayag\u00fcez  Mayag\u00fcez Puerto Rico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60388903"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66958751"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086902535","display_name":"Anne L. Cohen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5570-780X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5570-780X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66958751","display_name":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution","ror":"https://ror.org/03zbnzt98","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66958751"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anne L. Cohen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5570-780X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66958751"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111704386","display_name":"Wilson R. Ramirez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60388903","display_name":"University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez","ror":"https://ror.org/00wek6x04","country_code":"PR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200399037","https://openalex.org/I60388903"]}],"countries":["PR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wilson Ramirez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geology University of Puerto Rico\u2010Mayag\u00fcez  Mayag\u00fcez Puerto Rico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geology University of Puerto Rico\u2010Mayag\u00fcez  Mayag\u00fcez Puerto Rico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60388903"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001481194","display_name":"Delia W Oppo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2946-5904","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2946-5904"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66958751","display_name":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution","ror":"https://ror.org/03zbnzt98","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66958751"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Delia W. Oppo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2946-5904","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66958751"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038744174","display_name":"Ali Pourmand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5057-7495","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5057-7495"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145608581","display_name":"University of Miami","ror":"https://ror.org/02dgjyy92","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Pourmand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Marine Geosciences, RSMAS, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Marine Geosciences, RSMAS, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104107858","display_name":"Robert Lawrence Edwards","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Lawrence Edwards","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085655185","display_name":"Alice E. Alpert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8981-6601","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8981-6601"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66958751","display_name":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution","ror":"https://ror.org/03zbnzt98","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66958751"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alice E. Alpert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8981-6601","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007","https://openalex.org/I66958751"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004500694","display_name":"Nathaniel R. Mollica","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4751-8061","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4751-8061"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66958751","display_name":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution","ror":"https://ror.org/03zbnzt98","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66958751"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nathaniel Mollica","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007","https://openalex.org/I66958751"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086902535","https://openalex.org/A5103035312"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60388903","https://openalex.org/I66958751"],"apc_list":{"value":3500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3500},"apc_paid":{"value":3500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3500},"fwci":1.1369,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74479971,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"7","first_page":"1234","last_page":"1245"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10017","display_name":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10017","display_name":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14047","display_name":"Marine and environmental studies","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mid-holocene-climatic-optimum","display_name":"mid-Holocene climatic optimum","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-surface-temperature","display_name":"sea surface temperature","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coral-paleothermometry","display_name":"coral paleothermometry","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fossil-corals","display_name":"fossil corals","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/western-tropical-atlantic","display_name":"tropical western Atlantic","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/holocene-climate","display_name":"Holocene climate","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/u-series-dating","display_name":"U-series dating","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagenesis","display_name":"diagenesis","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multidecadal-variability","display_name":"multidecadal variability","score":0.7799999713897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140345934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25445","display_name":"Holocene","level":2,"score":0.8634639978408813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134097258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1507383","display_name":"Sea surface temperature","level":2,"score":0.6826301217079163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.6216846704483032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778835443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39061","display_name":"Northern Hemisphere","level":2,"score":0.5988921523094177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143020374","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2411228","display_name":"Coral","level":2,"score":0.5705372095108032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5303118228912354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127889277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753858","display_name":"Intertropical Convergence Zone","level":3,"score":0.5196675062179565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.49920201301574707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780148112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432581","display_name":"Proxy (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4577997028827667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779547961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7845752","display_name":"Tropical Atlantic","level":3,"score":0.45678719878196716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19951013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503142","display_name":"Before Present","level":3,"score":0.4479500651359558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.18712776899337769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.1484716832637787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1029/2019pa003571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2019pa003571","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2019pa003571","pdf_url":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2019PA003571","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175021","display_name":"Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology","issn_l":"2572-4517","issn":["2572-4517","2572-4525"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org:1912/24830","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/24830","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400781","display_name":"Open Access Server of the Woods Hole Scientific Community (Woods Hole Scientific Community)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/141184","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/141184","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Wiley","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1029/2019pa003571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2019pa003571","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2019pa003571","pdf_url":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2019PA003571","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175021","display_name":"Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology","issn_l":"2572-4517","issn":["2572-4517","2572-4525"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"},{"score":0.8252999782562256,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6162759248","display_name":"Validation of the Strontium-Uranium Thermometer Against Instrumental Records of Ocean Temperature","funder_award_id":"1747746","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7277346114","display_name":"Temperature and variability of the Atlantic Warm Pool during and since the Little Ice Age","funder_award_id":"1805618","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2947571561.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2947571561.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1508130212","https://openalex.org/W1531284530","https://openalex.org/W1611951506","https://openalex.org/W1617038790","https://openalex.org/W1621667132","https://openalex.org/W1653519642","https://openalex.org/W1917965085","https://openalex.org/W1951993607","https://openalex.org/W1968841091","https://openalex.org/W1996682044","https://openalex.org/W1997590192","https://openalex.org/W2001715338","https://openalex.org/W2002059639","https://openalex.org/W2006165291","https://openalex.org/W2010898369","https://openalex.org/W2015463796","https://openalex.org/W2017920721","https://openalex.org/W2033708639","https://openalex.org/W2036204058","https://openalex.org/W2059175769","https://openalex.org/W2066689031","https://openalex.org/W2069662003","https://openalex.org/W2077886346","https://openalex.org/W2097770917","https://openalex.org/W2111308404","https://openalex.org/W2111916350","https://openalex.org/W2112617203","https://openalex.org/W2120528048","https://openalex.org/W2126580316","https://openalex.org/W2136246993","https://openalex.org/W2156568771","https://openalex.org/W2161398546","https://openalex.org/W2162817038","https://openalex.org/W2187422944","https://openalex.org/W2227005000","https://openalex.org/W2403223346","https://openalex.org/W2523324715","https://openalex.org/W2580294609","https://openalex.org/W2601635797","https://openalex.org/W2786514163","https://openalex.org/W2786666676","https://openalex.org/W2890794906","https://openalex.org/W2952391808","https://openalex.org/W2960076891"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2066689031","https://openalex.org/W4406917779","https://openalex.org/W101557672","https://openalex.org/W1586420412","https://openalex.org/W4316136388","https://openalex.org/W1608405935","https://openalex.org/W3111077505","https://openalex.org/W4415740968","https://openalex.org/W3042934523","https://openalex.org/W2051271099"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1],"Holocene":[2,226,244],"is":[3,37],"considered":[4],"a":[5,28,104,112,131,207],"period":[6,215],"of":[7,57,96,224],"relative":[8],"climatic":[9],"stability,":[10],"but":[11,45],"significant":[12],"proxy":[13,73],"data\u2010model":[14],"discrepancies":[15],"exist":[16],"that":[17,67],"preclude":[18],"consensus":[19],"regarding":[20],"the":[21,55,58,72,86,99,124,139,211],"postglacial":[22],"global":[23,101],"temperature":[24,82,92],"trajectory.":[25],"In":[26],"particular,":[27],"mid\u2010Holocene":[29,79,213],"Climatic":[30],"Optimum,":[31],"~9,000":[32],"to":[33,60,150,238],"~5,000":[34],"years":[35,158,177],"BP,":[36,159],"evident":[38],"in":[39,71,189,243],"Northern":[40],"Hemisphere":[41],"marine":[42],"sediment":[43,218],"records,":[44,173],"its":[46],"absence":[47],"from":[48,85,117,130,138,182,217],"model":[49],"simulations":[50],"raises":[51],"key":[52],"questions":[53,236],"about":[54],"ability":[56],"models":[59],"accurately":[61],"simulate":[62],"climate":[63],"and":[64,94,122,154,161,165,175,193,203,234,240],"seasonal":[65],"biases":[66],"may":[68],"be":[69],"present":[70,77],"records.":[74,219],"Here":[75],"we":[76,109],"new":[78,105],"sea":[80],"surface":[81],"(SST)":[83],"data":[84],"western":[87],"tropical":[88],"Atlantic,":[89],"where":[90],"twentieth\u2010century":[91,100],"variability":[93,242],"amplitude":[95],"warming":[97],"track":[98],"ocean.":[102],"Using":[103],"coral":[106],"thermometer":[107],"Sr\u2010U,":[108],"first":[110],"developed":[111],"temporal":[113],"Sr\u2010U":[114,127,171],"SST":[115,172],"calibration":[116,125],"three":[118],"modern":[119,133],"Atlantic":[120,225,245],"corals":[121,137,184,227],"validated":[123],"against":[126],"time":[128],"series":[129],"fourth":[132],"coral.":[134],"Two":[135],"fossil":[136],"Enriquillo":[140],"Valley,":[141],"Dominican":[142],"Republic,":[143],"were":[144,185],"screened":[145],"for":[146,163],"diagenesis,":[147],"U\u2010series":[148],"dated":[149],"5,199":[151],"\u00b1":[152,156],"26":[153],"6,427":[155],"81":[157],"respectively,":[160,206],"analyzed":[162],"Sr/Ca":[164],"U/Ca,":[166],"generating":[167],"two":[168],"annually":[169],"resolved":[170],"27":[174],"17":[176],"long,":[178],"respectively.":[179],"Average":[180],"SSTs":[181],"both":[183],"significantly":[186],"cooler":[187],"than":[188],"early":[190],"instrumental":[191,195],"(1870\u20131920)":[192],"late":[194],"(1965\u20132016)":[196],"periods":[197],"at":[198],"this":[199,230],"site,":[200],"by":[201],"~0.5":[202],"~0.75":[204],"\u00b0C,":[205],"result":[208],"inconsistent":[209],"with":[210,232],"extended":[212],"warm":[214],"inferred":[216],"A":[220],"more":[221],"complete":[222],"sampling":[223],"can":[228],"resolve":[229],"issue":[231],"confidence":[233],"address":[235],"related":[237],"multidecadal":[239],"longer\u2010term":[241],"climate.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2019-06-07T00:00:00"}
