{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2947288307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6902-2","title":"Effect of an equipment-behavior change intervention on handwashing behavior among primary school children in Kenya: the Povu Poa school pilot study","display_name":"Effect of an equipment-behavior change intervention on handwashing behavior among primary school children in Kenya: the Povu Poa school pilot study","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2947288307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6902-2","mag":"2947288307","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31138168","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6537192"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12889-019-6902-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6902-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6902-2","pdf_url":"https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12889-019-6902-2","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200437886","display_name":"BMC Public Health","issn_l":"1471-2458","issn":["1471-2458"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12889-019-6902-2","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031550335","display_name":"Wit Wichaidit","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2029-4934","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2029-4934"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wit Wichaidit","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA. witwicha@buffalo.edu","Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2029-4934","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA. witwicha@buffalo.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057783029","display_name":"Rachel Steinacher","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1313272365","display_name":"Innovations for Poverty Action","ror":"https://ror.org/0235ad950","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313272365"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rachel Steinacher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Innovations for Poverty Action, New Haven, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Innovations for Poverty Action, New Haven, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1313272365"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081459967","display_name":"Jemima Akinyi Okal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1313272365","display_name":"Innovations for Poverty Action","ror":"https://ror.org/0235ad950","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313272365"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jemima Akinyi Okal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Innovations for Poverty Action, New Haven, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Innovations for Poverty Action, New Haven, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1313272365"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086787531","display_name":"Jaynie L. Whinnery","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1313272365","display_name":"Innovations for Poverty Action","ror":"https://ror.org/0235ad950","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313272365"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaynie Whinnery","raw_affiliation_strings":["Innovations for Poverty Action, New Haven, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Innovations for Poverty Action, New Haven, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1313272365"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091572367","display_name":"Clair Null","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0819-536X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0819-536X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1313272365","display_name":"Innovations for Poverty Action","ror":"https://ror.org/0235ad950","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313272365"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Clair Null","raw_affiliation_strings":["Innovations for Poverty Action, New Haven, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Innovations for Poverty Action, New Haven, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1313272365"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055452136","display_name":"Katarzyna Kordas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9243-5305","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9243-5305"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katarzyna Kordas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052003560","display_name":"Jihnhee Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6866-5928","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6866-5928"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jihnhee Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061386593","display_name":"Amy J. Pickering","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6193-2221","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6193-2221"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121934306","display_name":"Tufts University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wvpxv85","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amy J. Pickering","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121934306"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017008320","display_name":"Pavani K. Ram","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6999-4312","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6999-4312"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pavani K. Ram","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031550335"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"fwci":3.6349,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92380323,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"1","first_page":"647","last_page":"647"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10596","display_name":"Child Nutrition and Water Access","score":0.9204000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10596","display_name":"Child Nutrition and Water Access","score":0.9204000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12831","display_name":"School Health and Nursing Education","score":0.027799999341368675,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11000","display_name":"Infection Control in Healthcare","score":0.012199999764561653,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwashing-behavior","display_name":"handwashing behavior","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-hygiene","display_name":"school hygiene","score":0.4950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hand-washing-station","display_name":"hand washing station","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disgust","display_name":"disgust","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-norms","display_name":"social norms","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soapy-water","display_name":"soapy water","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elementary-school-students","display_name":"elementary school students","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equipment-durability","display_name":"equipment durability","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kenya","display_name":"Kenya","score":0.6320000290870667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140556311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214746","display_name":"Biostatistics","level":3,"score":0.921907901763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8445186018943787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.6927124261856079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.6258019804954529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.6204554438591003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.5454280376434326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.18012765049934387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000078382","descriptor_name":"Disgust","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006235","descriptor_name":"Hand Disinfection","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007630","descriptor_name":"Kenya","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010865","descriptor_name":"Pilot Projects","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012572","descriptor_name":"School Health Services","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012574","descriptor_name":"Schools","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012915","descriptor_name":"Soaps","qualifier_ui":"Q000600","qualifier_name":"supply & distribution","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013334","descriptor_name":"Students","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013334","descriptor_name":"Students","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014881","descriptor_name":"Water Supply","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015397","descriptor_name":"Program Evaluation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066262","descriptor_name":"Social Norms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12889-019-6902-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6902-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6902-2","pdf_url":"https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12889-019-6902-2","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200437886","display_name":"BMC Public Health","issn_l":"1471-2458","issn":["1471-2458"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6537192","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6537192","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Public Health","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:31138168","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31138168","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC public health","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2b731602f3c84554ac05d84854e1f19f","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2b731602f3c84554ac05d84854e1f19f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Public Health, Vol 19, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt4kr155gx","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4kr155gx","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC public health, vol 19, iss 1","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4kr155gx","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4kr155gx","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Public Health, vol 19, iss 1","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12889-019-6902-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6902-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6902-2","pdf_url":"https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12889-019-6902-2","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200437886","display_name":"BMC Public Health","issn_l":"1471-2458","issn":["1471-2458"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.4156000018119812,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Randomized Controlled Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/randomized-controlled-trial"},{"display_name":"Clinical Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7108214344","display_name":"SOAPY WATER HANDWASHING STATIONS","funder_award_id":"AIDOAAF1300040","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306115","funder_display_name":"United States Agency for International Development"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306115","display_name":"United States Agency for International Development","ror":"https://ror.org/01n6e6j62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2947288307.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2947288307.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1519333010","https://openalex.org/W1670816734","https://openalex.org/W1981753921","https://openalex.org/W1984714066","https://openalex.org/W1992431266","https://openalex.org/W1993707217","https://openalex.org/W1997972148","https://openalex.org/W2009068239","https://openalex.org/W2018497468","https://openalex.org/W2027919330","https://openalex.org/W2047602565","https://openalex.org/W2055690472","https://openalex.org/W2064084991","https://openalex.org/W2066300663","https://openalex.org/W2092713457","https://openalex.org/W2094663933","https://openalex.org/W2095110000","https://openalex.org/W2101754128","https://openalex.org/W2109881331","https://openalex.org/W2115375542","https://openalex.org/W2132253094","https://openalex.org/W2137518584","https://openalex.org/W2143557370","https://openalex.org/W2145119443","https://openalex.org/W2154133520","https://openalex.org/W2154617548","https://openalex.org/W2160115104","https://openalex.org/W2162511191","https://openalex.org/W2163140539","https://openalex.org/W2170019583","https://openalex.org/W2234246835","https://openalex.org/W2300660254","https://openalex.org/W2326002130","https://openalex.org/W2471497535","https://openalex.org/W2556563098","https://openalex.org/W2556649971","https://openalex.org/W2750887964"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6958232422","https://openalex.org/W2115375542","https://openalex.org/W7128356196","https://openalex.org/W7109215412","https://openalex.org/W1976035934","https://openalex.org/W2039033990","https://openalex.org/W4416918447","https://openalex.org/W3007156296","https://openalex.org/W3215922615","https://openalex.org/W2990171013"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Handwashing":[1],"prevalence":[2],"in":[3,5,56,91,191,298,342],"schools":[4,135,200,207,343],"Kenya":[6],"is":[7,30],"low":[8],"due":[9],"to":[10,14,34,82,255],"lack":[11,19],"of":[12,20,47,77,104,142,172,224,232,246,268,288,300,315,360],"access":[13],"water":[15,25,219,243,285],"and":[16,18,37,39,111,123,136,190,206,217,229,281,318],"soap":[17,36,110,293,331],"drive":[21],"for":[22,87,340,350],"handwashing.":[23],"Soapy":[24],"made":[26],"from":[27],"detergent":[28],"powder":[29],"an":[31,65],"inexpensive":[32],"alternative":[33],"bar":[35],"disgust":[38,122],"social":[40,124],"norms":[41],"change":[42,67,118],"can":[43],"be":[44,338],"powerful":[45],"drivers":[46],"handwashing,":[48],"but":[49,303,328],"their":[50],"effectiveness":[51],"has":[52],"not":[53,210],"been":[54],"assessed":[55],"school":[57,225,233],"setting.":[58],"In":[59,126],"Kenyan":[60],"public":[61],"schools,":[62],"we":[63,131,148,239,263],"evaluated":[64],"equipment-behavior":[66,311],"intervention's":[68],"effect":[69],"on":[70,121],"handwashing":[71,105,173,176,181,241,265,282,316,323,329],"outcomes.":[72],"We":[73,167,195],"also":[74],"monitored":[75],"functionality":[76],"the":[78,98,150,197,204,213,320,326],"Povu":[79],"Poa":[80],"prototypes":[81],"identify":[83],"design":[84],"improvements":[85],"necessary":[86],"continued":[88],"high":[89],"usage":[90],"institutional":[92],"settings.":[93],"METHODS:":[94],"The":[95],"intervention":[96,151,205,312],"included":[97],"\"Povu":[99],"Poa\",":[100],"a":[101],"new":[102],"type":[103],"station":[106],"that":[107,201,208],"dispensed":[108],"foaming":[109],"rinse":[112],"water,":[113],"combined":[114,310],"with":[115,242,258,283,322,330],"school-wide":[116],"behavior":[117,182],"promotion":[119],"based":[120],"norms.":[125],"this":[127],"stepped-wedge":[128],"cluster-randomized":[129],"trial,":[130],"randomly":[132],"selected":[133],"30":[134],"divided":[137],"them":[138],"into":[139],"3":[140],"groups":[141],"10.":[143],"Following":[144],"baseline":[145,189],"data":[146],"collection,":[147],"delivered":[149],"sequentially":[152],"(Group":[153],"1:":[154],"3-5":[155],"weeks":[156],"after":[157,183,235,244,266,286,324],"baseline;":[158],"Group":[159,163],"2:":[160],"6-8":[161],"weeks;":[162],"3:":[164],"19-24":[165],"weeks).":[166],"observed":[168,180,240,254,264],"outcomes":[169,198],"[1]":[170],"availability":[171,314],"materials":[174,317],"at":[175,188,222,230,344],"places,":[177],"and;":[178],"2)":[179],"toilet":[184,248,270],"use":[185,249,271],"among":[186],"schoolchildren)":[187],"three":[192],"follow-up":[193],"rounds.":[194],"compared":[196],"between":[199],"had":[202,209],"received":[203,212],"yet":[211],"intervention.":[214],"RESULTS:":[215],"Water":[216],"soap/soapy":[218,259,284],"were":[220,296,304],"available":[221],"2%":[223],"visits":[226,234],"before":[227],"intervention,":[228,238,262],"42%":[231],"intervention..":[236],"Before":[237],"11%":[245],"461":[247],"events;":[250],"no":[251],"one":[252],"was":[253,332],"wash":[256],"hands":[257],"water.":[260],"After":[261],"62%":[267],"383":[269],"events":[272,289],"(PR":[273,290],"=":[274,278],"5.96,":[275],"95%":[276],"CI":[277],"3.02,":[279],"11.76)":[280],"26%":[287],"incalculable).":[291],"Foaming":[292],"dispenser":[294],"caps":[295],"cracked":[297],"31%":[299],"all":[301],"observations,":[302],"typically":[305],"still":[306,333],"functional.":[307],"CONCLUSIONS:":[308],"Our":[309],"increased":[313],"improved":[319,339],"compliance":[321],"using":[325],"toilet,":[327],"rare.":[334],"Equipment":[335],"durability":[336],"must":[337],"deployment":[341],"scale.":[345],"American":[346],"Economic":[347],"Association's":[348],"Registry":[349,355],"Randomized":[351],"Controlled":[352],"Trials;":[353],"Trial":[354],"Number":[356],"(TRN):":[357],"AEARCTR-0000662;":[358],"Date":[359],"Registry:":[361],"April":[362],"14,":[363],"2015.":[364]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2019-06-07T00:00:00"}
