{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2947052963","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2347","title":"Measuring the impact of additional instrumentation on the skill of numerical weather prediction models at forecasting wind ramp events during the first Wind Forecast Improvement Project (WFIP)","display_name":"Measuring the impact of additional instrumentation on the skill of numerical weather prediction models at forecasting wind ramp events during the first Wind Forecast Improvement Project (WFIP)","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2947052963","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2347","mag":"2947052963"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/we.2347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2347","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2347","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/we.2347","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79495670","display_name":"Wind Energy","issn_l":"1095-4244","issn":["1095-4244","1099-1824"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wind Energy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/we.2347","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024089825","display_name":"Elena Akish","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8427-4188","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8427-4188"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161675122","display_name":"Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00bdqav06","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I161675122","https://openalex.org/I188538660","https://openalex.org/I2802992173"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159476","display_name":"Science and Technology Corporation (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05pw5zy84","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159476"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80605987","display_name":"NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/033tt8e33","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I2802992173","https://openalex.org/I80605987"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Elena Akish","raw_affiliation_strings":["NOAA/Earth Systems Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO","Science and Technology Corporation (STC), Boulder, CO","University of Colorado/CIRES, Boulder, CO"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8427-4188","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NOAA/Earth Systems Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80605987"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology Corporation (STC), Boulder, CO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado/CIRES, Boulder, CO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161675122","https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015864506","display_name":"Laura Bianco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4022-7854","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4022-7854"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161675122","display_name":"Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00bdqav06","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I161675122","https://openalex.org/I188538660","https://openalex.org/I2802992173"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80605987","display_name":"NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/033tt8e33","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I2802992173","https://openalex.org/I80605987"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura Bianco","raw_affiliation_strings":["NOAA/Earth Systems Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO","University of Colorado/CIRES, Boulder, CO"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4022-7854","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NOAA/Earth Systems Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80605987"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado/CIRES, Boulder, CO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161675122","https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033123787","display_name":"Irina V. Djalalova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1299-5925","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1299-5925"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161675122","display_name":"Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00bdqav06","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I161675122","https://openalex.org/I188538660","https://openalex.org/I2802992173"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80605987","display_name":"NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/033tt8e33","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I2802992173","https://openalex.org/I80605987"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irina V. Djalalova","raw_affiliation_strings":["NOAA/Earth Systems Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO","University of Colorado/CIRES, Boulder, CO"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1299-5925","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NOAA/Earth Systems Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80605987"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado/CIRES, Boulder, CO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161675122","https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066004359","display_name":"James M. Wilczak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9912-6396","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9912-6396"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80605987","display_name":"NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/033tt8e33","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I2802992173","https://openalex.org/I80605987"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James M. Wilczak","raw_affiliation_strings":["NOAA/Earth Systems Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9912-6396","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NOAA/Earth Systems Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80605987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055835272","display_name":"Joseph B. Olson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3612-0808","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3612-0808"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161675122","display_name":"Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00bdqav06","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I161675122","https://openalex.org/I188538660","https://openalex.org/I2802992173"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80605987","display_name":"NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/033tt8e33","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I2802992173","https://openalex.org/I80605987"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph B. Olson","raw_affiliation_strings":["NOAA/Earth Systems Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO","University of Colorado/CIRES, Boulder, CO"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NOAA/Earth Systems Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80605987"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado/CIRES, Boulder, CO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161675122","https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042237380","display_name":"Jeff Freedman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeff Freedman","raw_affiliation_strings":["AWS Truepower, Albany, NY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AWS Truepower, Albany, NY","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035636878","display_name":"Catherine A. Finley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7886-697X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7886-697X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Catherine Finley","raw_affiliation_strings":["WindLogics Inc., St. Paul, MN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WindLogics Inc., St. Paul, MN","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081947277","display_name":"Joel W. Cline","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5561-0972","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5561-0972"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joel Cline","raw_affiliation_strings":["DOE/Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Washington, D.C"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DOE/Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Washington, D.C","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024089825"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161675122","https://openalex.org/I188538660","https://openalex.org/I4210159476","https://openalex.org/I80605987"],"apc_list":{"value":4400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4400},"apc_paid":{"value":4400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4400},"fwci":0.9614,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71411209,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"9","first_page":"1165","last_page":"1174"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9458000063896179,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9458000063896179,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.0348999984562397,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10680","display_name":"Wind Energy Research and Development","score":0.014800000004470348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/numerical-weather-prediction","display_name":"numerical weather prediction","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-assimilation","display_name":"data assimilation","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-power-forecasting","display_name":"wind power forecasting","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-energy-applications","display_name":"wind energy applications","score":0.5389999747276306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170061395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5468164","display_name":"Forecast skill","level":2,"score":0.6188319325447083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.5874150395393372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24552861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2670177","display_name":"Data assimilation","level":2,"score":0.5776644945144653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147947694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837552","display_name":"Numerical weather prediction","level":2,"score":0.5433065295219421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5414360761642456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161067210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1464943","display_name":"Wind speed","level":2,"score":0.5270614624023438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781084341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2583670","display_name":"Wind power forecasting","level":4,"score":0.5103544592857361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.4808272123336792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166851805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5468165","display_name":"Forecast verification","level":3,"score":0.4433113932609558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.43394142389297485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.364432692527771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.33472853899002075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.22106236219406128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.1922360360622406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17428439855575562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10062599182128906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/we.2347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2347","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2347","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/we.2347","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79495670","display_name":"Wind Energy","issn_l":"1095-4244","issn":["1095-4244","1099-1824"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wind Energy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:noaa.stacks:noaa:27166","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196172","display_name":"NOAA Institutional Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Wind Energy 22(9):1165-1174, 2019","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1523668","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1523668","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1523669","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1523669","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/we.2347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2347","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2347","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/we.2347","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79495670","display_name":"Wind Energy","issn_l":"1095-4244","issn":["1095-4244","1099-1824"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wind Energy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.5351999998092651}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1719215988","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE\u2010EE0003080","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332181","display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/02z5nhe81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332359","display_name":"Office of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00mmn6b08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337480","display_name":"Basic Energy Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05mg91w61"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2947052963.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2947052963.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964922139","https://openalex.org/W2175400375","https://openalex.org/W2254233409","https://openalex.org/W2343590210"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3090088754","https://openalex.org/W2787537667","https://openalex.org/W2343590210","https://openalex.org/W2922795456","https://openalex.org/W2801469918","https://openalex.org/W1964922139","https://openalex.org/W2254233409","https://openalex.org/W3046715543","https://openalex.org/W2789859965","https://openalex.org/W2290826799"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,125],"first":[2],"Wind":[3],"Forecast":[4],"Improvement":[5],"Project":[6],"(WFIP)":[7],"was":[8],"a":[9,21,55,117,173,180,188,198],"DOE":[10],"and":[11,17,58,75,136,153,165,204,234],"NOAA\u2010funded":[12],"2\u2010year\u2010long":[13],"observational,":[14],"data":[15,228],"assimilation,":[16],"modeling":[18],"study":[19,232],"with":[20,146],"1\u2010year\u2010long":[22],"field":[23],"campaign":[24],"aimed":[25],"at":[26,86],"demonstrating":[27],"improvements":[28],"in":[29,130,140,185,229,236],"the":[30,37,51,66,69,93,100,131,147,155,159,192,214,222,225],"accuracy":[31],"of":[32,39,53,68,119,134,158,172,179,183,200,213,224],"wind":[33,43,88],"forecasts":[34],"generated":[35,98],"by":[36,99],"assimilation":[38,223],"additional":[40,101],"observations":[41],"for":[42,109],"energy":[44],"applications.":[45],"In":[46],"this":[47],"paper,":[48],"we":[49],"present":[50],"results":[52],"applying":[54],"Ramp":[56],"Tool":[57],"Metric":[59],"(RT&M),":[60],"developed":[61],"during":[62],"WFIP,":[63],"to":[64,113],"measure":[65,92],"skill":[67,97,156,196,218,238],"13\u2010km":[70],"grid":[71],"spacing":[72],"National":[73],"Oceanic":[74],"Atmospheric":[76],"Administration/Earth":[77],"System":[78],"Research":[79],"Laboratory":[80],"(NOAA/ESRL)":[81],"Rapid":[82],"Refresh":[83],"(RAP)":[84],"model":[85,96,161,237],"forecasting":[87],"ramp":[89,128,144,151,174,215],"events.":[90],"To":[91],"impact":[94],"on":[95],"observations,":[102],"controlled":[103],"data\u2010denial":[104],"RAP":[105],"simulations":[106],"were":[107],"run":[108],"six":[110],"separate":[111],"7":[112],"12\u2010day":[114],"periods":[115],"(for":[116],"total":[118],"55":[120],"days)":[121],"over":[122,187,197],"different":[123,231],"seasons.":[124],"RT&M":[126,193],"identifies":[127],"events":[129,243],"time":[132,141,190,205],"series":[133],"observed":[135,150],"forecast":[137,143,160,217],"power,":[138],"matches":[139],"each":[142],"event":[145,175,216],"most":[148],"appropriate":[149],"event,":[152],"computes":[154,194],"score":[157],"penalizing":[162],"both":[163],"timing":[164],"amplitude":[166],"errors.":[167],"Because":[168],"no":[169],"unique":[170],"definition":[171],"exists":[176],"(in":[177],"terms":[178],"single":[181,189],"threshold":[182],"change":[184,202],"power":[186,201],"duration),":[191],"integrated":[195],"range":[199],"(\u0394p)":[203],"period":[206],"(\u0394t)":[207],"values.":[208],"A":[209],"statistically":[210],"significant":[211],"improvement":[212],"is":[219],"found":[220],"through":[221],"special":[226],"WFIP":[227],"two":[230],"areas,":[233],"variations":[235],"between":[239],"up\u2010ramp":[240],"versus":[241],"down\u2010ramp":[242],"are":[244],"found.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2019-06-07T00:00:00"}