{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2947034032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10646175.2019.1608482","title":"White Sportscasters, Black Athletes: Race and ESPN\u2019s Coverage of College Football\u2019s National Signing Day","display_name":"White Sportscasters, Black Athletes: Race and ESPN\u2019s Coverage of College Football\u2019s National Signing Day","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2947034032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10646175.2019.1608482","mag":"2947034032"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10646175.2019.1608482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10646175.2019.1608482","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10646175.2019.1608482","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204225869","display_name":"Howard Journal of Communications","issn_l":"1064-6175","issn":["1064-6175","1096-4649"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Howard Journal of Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Melvin Lewis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17301866","display_name":"University of Alabama","ror":"https://ror.org/03xrrjk67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17301866"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Melvin Lewis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17301866"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081040920","display_name":"Travis R. Bell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1593-9291","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1593-9291"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","display_name":"University of South Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/032db5x82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Travis R. Bell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zimmerman School of Advertising & Mass Communications, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zimmerman School of Advertising & Mass Communications, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038944842","display_name":"Andrew C. Billings","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4818-5799","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4818-5799","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1504-2081"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17301866","display_name":"University of Alabama","ror":"https://ror.org/03xrrjk67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17301866"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew C. Billings","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Journalism and Creative Media, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Journalism and Creative Media, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17301866"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028925820","display_name":"Kenon A. Brown","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9684-7454","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9684-7454"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17301866","display_name":"University of Alabama","ror":"https://ror.org/03xrrjk67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17301866"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenon A. Brown","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Advertising and Public Relations, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Advertising and Public Relations, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17301866"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17301866"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0584,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91245274,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"4","first_page":"337","last_page":"350"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10942","display_name":"Sports, Gender, and Society","score":0.6240000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10942","display_name":"Sports, Gender, and Society","score":0.6240000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10133","display_name":"Media Studies and Communication","score":0.23739999532699585,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13296","display_name":"Physical Education and Sports Studies","score":0.07020000368356705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/race","display_name":"race","score":0.5070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sports-broadcasting","display_name":"sports broadcasting","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/espn","display_name":"ESPN","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-football","display_name":"college football","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-athletes","display_name":"Black athletes","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/media-representation","display_name":"media representation","score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-stereotypes","display_name":"racial stereotypes","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultivation-theory","display_name":"cultivation theory","score":0.5759999752044678}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56273599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3122841","display_name":"White (mutation)","level":3,"score":0.7420969605445862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781054738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4813730","display_name":"Athletes","level":2,"score":0.6963930130004883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76509639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918036","display_name":"Race (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6413192749023438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778444522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1081491","display_name":"Football","level":2,"score":0.572027862071991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168127410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754331","display_name":"Stereotype (UML)","level":2,"score":0.536858320236206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.49698618054389954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187288502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641118","display_name":"Personality","level":2,"score":0.45573315024375916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.3652886152267456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3322126567363739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.30339086055755615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.23925787210464478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.16256988048553467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.08480823040008545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.06365206837654114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/10646175.2019.1608482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10646175.2019.1608482","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10646175.2019.1608482","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204225869","display_name":"Howard Journal of Communications","issn_l":"1064-6175","issn":["1064-6175","1096-4649"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Howard Journal of Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7578999996185303,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W564204558","https://openalex.org/W629197809","https://openalex.org/W641922382","https://openalex.org/W1596226399","https://openalex.org/W1918101540","https://openalex.org/W1965258393","https://openalex.org/W1965892432","https://openalex.org/W1985090839","https://openalex.org/W1999068410","https://openalex.org/W2011404061","https://openalex.org/W2022637134","https://openalex.org/W2031539455","https://openalex.org/W2033072413","https://openalex.org/W2038676942","https://openalex.org/W2042917394","https://openalex.org/W2051491569","https://openalex.org/W2053154970","https://openalex.org/W2071397776","https://openalex.org/W2071668558","https://openalex.org/W2086436598","https://openalex.org/W2086750376","https://openalex.org/W2087069420","https://openalex.org/W2087200036","https://openalex.org/W2092453734","https://openalex.org/W2122498654","https://openalex.org/W2127206196","https://openalex.org/W2144795682","https://openalex.org/W2149246211","https://openalex.org/W2152604134","https://openalex.org/W2172048650","https://openalex.org/W2172143740","https://openalex.org/W2172267062","https://openalex.org/W2287366369","https://openalex.org/W2495265539","https://openalex.org/W2603360012","https://openalex.org/W2889031673","https://openalex.org/W4239515657","https://openalex.org/W4319715998"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2901874008","https://openalex.org/W3202567590","https://openalex.org/W4387410850","https://openalex.org/W2092453734","https://openalex.org/W2127206196","https://openalex.org/W4384407014","https://openalex.org/W1996611696","https://openalex.org/W2028033764","https://openalex.org/W132574773","https://openalex.org/W1965892432"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"analyzed":[2,39],"how":[3],"depictions":[4,53],"of":[5,25,28,54,59,69,74,86,110],"White":[6,82],"and":[7,21,84],"Black":[8,93],"recruits":[9],"by":[10,81],"ESPN":[11,29],"network":[12],"employees":[13],"differs":[14],"depending":[15],"on":[16],"athletic":[17],"successes,":[18],"failures,":[19],"personality,":[20],"physicality.":[22],"A":[23],"total":[24],"42":[26],"hr":[27],"college":[30],"football":[31],"National":[32],"Signing":[33],"Day":[34],"(NSD)":[35],"coverage":[36,114],"(2015\u20132018)":[37],"was":[38],"with":[40,56],"results":[41],"indicating":[42],"sportscasters":[43],"who":[44],"covered":[45],"NSD":[46,78],"largely":[47],"did":[48],"not":[49],"differ":[50],"in":[51,102],"their":[52,66],"athletes,":[55],"the":[57,75,87,108,134],"majority":[58],"comments":[60,76,88],"referring":[61],"to":[62,125,130],"recruits\u2019":[63],"physicality":[64],"or":[65],"upbringing,":[67],"regardless":[68],"race.":[70],"In":[71],"all,":[72],"98%":[73],"about":[77,91],"were":[79,89],"spoken":[80,90],"sportscasters,":[83],"86.4%":[85],"a":[92,103],"athlete.":[94],"The":[95],"relatively":[96],"meager":[97],"differences":[98],"could":[99],"be":[100],"framed":[101],"fairly":[104],"positive":[105],"light,":[106],"whereas":[107],"lack":[109],"non-White":[111],"commentators":[112],"within":[113],"indicates":[115],"hiring":[116],"practices":[117],"are":[118,127],"still":[119],"problematic.":[120],"Cultivation":[121],"theory":[122],"logics":[123],"related":[124],"stereotype-formation-through-media":[126],"then":[128],"applied":[129],"determine":[131],"implications":[132],"for":[133],"future.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-01T08:54:57.152042","created_date":"2019-06-07T00:00:00"}
