{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2946901459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000215748","title":"Model Experiments to Determine Ice Forces on Conical Structures","display_name":"Model Experiments to Determine Ice Forces on Conical Structures","publication_year":1977,"publication_date":"1977-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2946901459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000215748","mag":"2946901459"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3189/s0022143000215748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000215748","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000215748","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/1D0E142DE3DA926A7FAF21AD5F075D5A/S0022143000215748a.pdf/div-class-title-model-experiments-to-determine-ice-forces-on-conical-structures-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140216511","display_name":"Journal of Glaciology","issn_l":"0022-1430","issn":["0022-1430","1727-5652"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Glaciology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/1D0E142DE3DA926A7FAF21AD5F075D5A/S0022143000215748a.pdf/div-class-title-model-experiments-to-determine-ice-forces-on-conical-structures-div.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111438046","display_name":"R Y Edwards","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Y. Edwards","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arctec Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arctec Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067348866","display_name":"Ken R. Croasdale","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80578424","display_name":"Imperial Oil (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/00bve7358","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80578424"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. R. Croasdale","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imperial Oil Ltd., Calgary, Alberta, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial Oil Ltd., Calgary, Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80578424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2600},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.3327719,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"81","first_page":"660","last_page":"660"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.8490999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.8490999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11604","display_name":"Ship Hydrodynamics and Maneuverability","score":0.09950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11622","display_name":"Maritime Navigation and Safety","score":0.008799999952316284,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ice-forces","display_name":"ice forces","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conical-structures","display_name":"conical bodies","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ice-loads","display_name":"ice loads","score":0.4740000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ice-structure-interaction","display_name":"ice-structure interaction","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ice-fields","display_name":"ice fields","score":0.4440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ice-strength","display_name":"ice strength","score":0.4440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liquid-nitrogen-spray","display_name":"liquid nitrogen spray","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/floating-platforms","display_name":"floating platforms","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ship-ice-interaction","display_name":"ship-ice interaction","score":0.5860000252723694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124961601","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2518149","display_name":"Conical surface","level":2,"score":0.8488171100616455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.7318739891052246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5260534286499023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193867417","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6889814","display_name":"Modulus","level":2,"score":0.4803658425807953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108939769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139370","display_name":"Liquid nitrogen","level":2,"score":0.4526006579399109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.33183109760284424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.19590938091278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.16380628943443298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.06135854125022888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.05800643563270569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3189/s0022143000215748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000215748","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000215748","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/1D0E142DE3DA926A7FAF21AD5F075D5A/S0022143000215748a.pdf/div-class-title-model-experiments-to-determine-ice-forces-on-conical-structures-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140216511","display_name":"Journal of Glaciology","issn_l":"0022-1430","issn":["0022-1430","1727-5652"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Glaciology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3189/s0022143000215748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000215748","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000215748","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/1D0E142DE3DA926A7FAF21AD5F075D5A/S0022143000215748a.pdf/div-class-title-model-experiments-to-determine-ice-forces-on-conical-structures-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140216511","display_name":"Journal of Glaciology","issn_l":"0022-1430","issn":["0022-1430","1727-5652"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Glaciology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2946901459.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2946901459.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2059004786","https://openalex.org/W2387761518","https://openalex.org/W7067506992","https://openalex.org/W2026274637","https://openalex.org/W2262995581","https://openalex.org/W2247088760","https://openalex.org/W2072470632","https://openalex.org/W1204191415","https://openalex.org/W6983460214","https://openalex.org/W1037329544"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Reduced-scale":[1],"experiments":[2],"were":[3,25],"conducted":[4,26],"in":[5,27,43],"1971":[6],"to":[7,34,52],"study":[8],"the":[9,36,61],"forces":[10],"experienced":[11],"by":[12],"conical":[13],"structures":[14],"during":[15],"encounters":[16],"with":[17],"uniformly":[18],"thick":[19],"fields":[20,54],"of":[21,38,55,63],"ice.":[22,44],"The":[23],"tests":[24],"a":[28],"model":[29],"basin":[30],"which":[31,59],"was":[32,50],"designed":[33],"test":[35],"behavior":[37],"ships":[39],"and":[40,66],"floating":[41],"platforms":[42],"A":[45],"liquid":[46],"nitrogen":[47],"spray":[48],"system":[49],"used":[51],"produce":[53],"high-salinity,":[56],"fine-crystalline,":[57],"ice":[58],"has":[60],"properties":[62],"elastic":[64],"modulus":[65],"strength":[67],"scaled":[68],"down":[69],"substantially":[70],"below":[71],"full-scale":[72],"values.":[73]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2019-06-07T00:00:00"}