{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2946759909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13557858.2019.1620178","title":"Black, white, or green? The effects of racial composition and socioeconomic status on neighborhood-level tobacco outlet density","display_name":"Black, white, or green? The effects of racial composition and socioeconomic status on neighborhood-level tobacco outlet density","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2946759909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13557858.2019.1620178","mag":"2946759909","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31124377","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6875694"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/13557858.2019.1620178","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13557858.2019.1620178","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13557858.2019.1620178","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109232058","display_name":"Ethnicity and Health","issn_l":"1355-7858","issn":["1355-7858","1465-3419"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ethnicity &amp; Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6875694","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078432639","display_name":"David Olawuyi Fakunle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4035-2401","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4035-2401"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83909951","display_name":"Morgan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/017d8gk22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83909951"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David O. Fakunle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA","School of Community Health & Policy, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4035-2401","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Community Health & Policy, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83909951"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058642323","display_name":"Frank C. Curriero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8252-0648","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8252-0648"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank C. Curriero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076213326","display_name":"Philip J. Leaf","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip J. Leaf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112438640","display_name":"Debra M. Furr\u2010Holden","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Debra M. Furr-Holden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Public Health, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Flint, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Public Health, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Flint, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052636076","display_name":"Roland J. Thorpe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4448-4997","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4448-4997"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roland J. Thorpe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health, Behavior & Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health, Behavior & Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078432639"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I83909951"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0101,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85570589,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"7","first_page":"1012","last_page":"1027"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":0.9589999914169312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":0.9589999914169312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.015399999916553497,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12259","display_name":"Environmental Justice and Health Disparities","score":0.01080000028014183,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tobacco-outlet-density","display_name":"tobacco outlet density","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-composition","display_name":"racial composition","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-status","display_name":"socioeconomic status","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/median-household-income","display_name":"median household income","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vacant-housing","display_name":"vacant housing","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-dependence","display_name":"spatial dependence","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maryland","display_name":"Maryland","score":0.8889999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.9316732883453369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.6401095986366272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994558172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107738887","display_name":"Census tract","level":4,"score":0.6213342547416687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.5535238981246948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52130261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39825","display_name":"Census","level":3,"score":0.497852087020874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019190695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7212330","display_name":"Tobacco use","level":3,"score":0.4604504704475403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.35453084111213684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.3543669581413269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.27640604972839355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.1232653558254242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.08086323738098145}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003132","descriptor_name":"Commerce","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012111","descriptor_name":"Residence Characteristics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012923","descriptor_name":"Social Class","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012959","descriptor_name":"Socioeconomic Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D062789","descriptor_name":"Tobacco Products","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/13557858.2019.1620178","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13557858.2019.1620178","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13557858.2019.1620178","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109232058","display_name":"Ethnicity and Health","issn_l":"1355-7858","issn":["1355-7858","1465-3419"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ethnicity &amp; Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31124377","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31124377","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ethnicity & health","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6875694","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6875694","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ethn Health","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6875694","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6875694","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ethn Health","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5683000087738037}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1326206679","display_name":"Longevity and Stress in African American Families","funder_award_id":"R01AG054363","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G133487024","display_name":"Stress and Mortality Among Black Men","funder_award_id":"K02AG059140","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G781461067","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions","funder_award_id":"U54MD000214","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337534","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000872696","display_name":"An Examination of the Joint Contributions of Socioeconomic Disadvantage, Genetics, and COVID-19 on the Development of Delay Discounting and Substance Use Across Adolescence","funder_award_id":"R01DA057552","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000904213","display_name":"NIDA Epidemiology Training Program","funder_award_id":"T32DA007292","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","display_name":"National Institute on Aging","ror":"https://ror.org/049v75w11"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","ror":"https://ror.org/00fq5cm18"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337534","display_name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities","ror":"https://ror.org/0493hgw16"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W20842705","https://openalex.org/W70134960","https://openalex.org/W177118472","https://openalex.org/W1274509405","https://openalex.org/W1538388721","https://openalex.org/W1573556430","https://openalex.org/W1967686483","https://openalex.org/W1971133198","https://openalex.org/W1977518943","https://openalex.org/W1977593169","https://openalex.org/W1986274834","https://openalex.org/W1994301907","https://openalex.org/W2003122412","https://openalex.org/W2005637544","https://openalex.org/W2018955353","https://openalex.org/W2021937783","https://openalex.org/W2046360181","https://openalex.org/W2054742249","https://openalex.org/W2058947652","https://openalex.org/W2060552236","https://openalex.org/W2072069628","https://openalex.org/W2079559005","https://openalex.org/W2084713986","https://openalex.org/W2094467760","https://openalex.org/W2094576361","https://openalex.org/W2101735548","https://openalex.org/W2113350460","https://openalex.org/W2122273357","https://openalex.org/W2123139375","https://openalex.org/W2130378535","https://openalex.org/W2133133245","https://openalex.org/W2134960330","https://openalex.org/W2137979003","https://openalex.org/W2142474367","https://openalex.org/W2155111579","https://openalex.org/W2163405112","https://openalex.org/W2168129170","https://openalex.org/W2263779048","https://openalex.org/W2317739826","https://openalex.org/W2320740045","https://openalex.org/W2418087089","https://openalex.org/W2487785342","https://openalex.org/W2509914816","https://openalex.org/W2593260357","https://openalex.org/W2901219722","https://openalex.org/W4240277969","https://openalex.org/W4302342119","https://openalex.org/W4302370238"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2901219722","https://openalex.org/W2320740045","https://openalex.org/W2593260357","https://openalex.org/W1978077041","https://openalex.org/W3197947233","https://openalex.org/W2155111579","https://openalex.org/W2025588776","https://openalex.org/W2084713986","https://openalex.org/W1985414116","https://openalex.org/W2290448792"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objective:":[0],"To":[1],"compare":[2],"predominantly-Black":[3,99,139,157],"and":[4,19,26,54,61,76,86,96,114,130,141,145],"predominantly-White":[5],"Maryland":[6,30],"areas":[7,148,161],"with":[8,36,120],"similar":[9,102,163],"socioeconomic":[10,20,103,164],"status":[11,21],"to":[12,69],"examine":[13],"the":[14,48,71,127],"role":[15],"of":[16,51,126,152],"both":[17,160],"race":[18],"on":[22],"tobacco":[23,27,31,55,77,93,121,142,153],"outlet":[24,28,32,56,78,94,122,143,154],"availability":[25,95,144],"access.Design:":[29],"addresses":[33],"were":[34,45,67],"geocoded":[35],"2011\u20132015":[37],"American":[38],"Community":[39],"Survey":[40],"sociodemographic":[41,52],"data.":[42],"Two-sample":[43],"t-tests":[44],"conducted":[46,68],"comparing":[47],"mean":[49],"values":[50],"variables":[53],"density":[57,79,123,155],"per":[58],"Census":[59],"Tract,":[60],"spatial":[62,83,132],"lag":[63,106,133],"based":[64],"regression":[65],"models":[66,134],"analyze":[70],"direct":[72,136],"association":[73],"between":[74,85,138],"covariables":[75],"while":[80],"accounting":[81],"for":[82],"dependence":[84],"within":[87],"jurisdictions.Results:":[88],"Predominantly-White":[89,147],"jurisdictions":[90,128,140],"had":[91,117],"lower":[92,150],"access":[97],"than":[98,156],"jurisdictions,":[100],"despite":[101,159],"status.":[104],"Spatial":[105],"model":[107],"results":[108],"showed":[109,135],"that":[110],"median":[111],"household":[112],"income":[113],"vacant":[115],"houses":[116],"consistent":[118],"associations":[119,137],"across":[124],"most":[125],"analyzed,":[129],"place-based":[131],"access.Conclusion:":[146],"have":[149],"levels":[151],"areas,":[158],"having":[162],"statuses.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2019-05-29T00:00:00"}
