{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2945996355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01265","title":"Roles of GM-CSF in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases: An Update","display_name":"Roles of GM-CSF in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases: An Update","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2945996355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01265","mag":"2945996355","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31275302","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6593264"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01265","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01265","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01265/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595292759","display_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","issn_l":"1664-3224","issn":["1664-3224"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01265/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112191452","display_name":"Noushin Lotfi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7036-1176","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7036-1176"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114982161","display_name":"Isfahan University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04waqzz56","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114982161"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149251103","display_name":"Thomas Jefferson University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysqcn41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149251103"]}],"countries":["IR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noushin Lotfi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran","Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114982161"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149251103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083512271","display_name":"Rodolfo Thom\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7627-4137","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7627-4137"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149251103","display_name":"Thomas Jefferson University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysqcn41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149251103"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rodolfo Thome","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149251103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103782840","display_name":"Nahid Rezaei","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3121602497","display_name":"Lorestan University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/035t7rn63","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3121602497"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nahid Rezaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3121602497"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101457991","display_name":"Guang\u2010Xian Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0017-5997","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0017-5997"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149251103","display_name":"Thomas Jefferson University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysqcn41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149251103"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guang-Xian Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149251103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033500883","display_name":"Abbas Rezaei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0642-6726","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0642-6726"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114982161","display_name":"Isfahan University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04waqzz56","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114982161"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abbas Rezaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114982161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031836301","display_name":"Abdolmohamad M. Rostami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0716-2726","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0716-2726"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149251103","display_name":"Thomas Jefferson University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysqcn41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149251103"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abdolmohamad Rostami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149251103"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091230577","display_name":"Nafiseh Esmaeil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7237-1984","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7237-1984"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114982161","display_name":"Isfahan University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04waqzz56","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114982161"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nafiseh Esmaeil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114982161"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031836301","https://openalex.org/A5091230577"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114982161","https://openalex.org/I149251103"],"apc_list":{"value":2950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2950},"apc_paid":{"value":2950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2950},"fwci":1.8947,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":242,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88061224,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"1265","last_page":"1265"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11503","display_name":"Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions","score":0.6015999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11503","display_name":"Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions","score":0.6015999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10200","display_name":"Rheumatoid Arthritis Research and Therapies","score":0.2565999925136566,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":0.10480000078678131,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gm-csf","display_name":"GM-CSF","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoimmune-disease","display_name":"autoimmune disease","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-sclerosis","display_name":"multiple sclerosis","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rheumatoid-arthritis","display_name":"rheumatoid arthritis","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/myasthenia-gravis","display_name":"myasthenia gravis","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hashimoto-s-thyroiditis","display_name":"Hashimoto's thyroiditis","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflammatory-bowel-disease","display_name":"inflammatory bowel disease","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systemic-lupus-erythematosus","display_name":"systemic lupus erythematosus","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/myeloid-cell-activation","display_name":"myeloid cell activation","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gm-csf-signaling","display_name":"GM-CSF signaling","score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/humoral-autoimmunity","display_name":"humoral autoimmunity","score":0.7160000205039978}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780942790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372016","display_name":"Pathogenesis","level":2,"score":0.7512514591217041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.5722939968109131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.558879554271698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780130043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192360","display_name":"Autoimmunity","level":3,"score":0.4474513530731201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.15424194931983948}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001172","descriptor_name":"Arthritis, Rheumatoid","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001327","descriptor_name":"Autoimmune Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006098","descriptor_name":"Granulocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007249","descriptor_name":"Inflammation","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008264","descriptor_name":"Macrophages","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016178","descriptor_name":"Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016207","descriptor_name":"Cytokines","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01265","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01265","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01265/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595292759","display_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","issn_l":"1664-3224","issn":["1664-3224"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31275302","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31275302","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in immunology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6593264","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6593264/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Immunol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:jdc.jefferson.edu:neurologyfp-1199","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://jdc.jefferson.edu/neurologyfp/193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178181","display_name":"The Medicine Forum","issn_l":"2325-2863","issn":["2325-2863"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Department of Neurology Faculty Papers","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b06f5a50ac2e46c2be87476f9a734f49","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b06f5a50ac2e46c2be87476f9a734f49","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Immunology, Vol 10 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01265","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01265","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01265/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595292759","display_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","issn_l":"1664-3224","issn":["1664-3224"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9537000060081482}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5560693455","display_name":"Mechanisms of GM-CSF effect in CNS autoimmune demyelination","funder_award_id":"R01AI124386","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8405454085","display_name":"The Role of GM-CSF in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis","funder_award_id":"R01NS088729","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","ror":"https://ror.org/01s5ya894"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2945996355.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2945996355.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":137,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W30651917","https://openalex.org/W342727306","https://openalex.org/W1488897968","https://openalex.org/W1527206559","https://openalex.org/W1533649117","https://openalex.org/W1550351367","https://openalex.org/W1561460904","https://openalex.org/W1590367571","https://openalex.org/W1598905390","https://openalex.org/W1612028030","https://openalex.org/W1641463952","https://openalex.org/W1816536644","https://openalex.org/W1827952544","https://openalex.org/W1829500673","https://openalex.org/W1832185108","https://openalex.org/W1861089293","https://openalex.org/W1872587559","https://openalex.org/W1943296744","https://openalex.org/W1951750017","https://openalex.org/W1959413965","https://openalex.org/W1963800344","https://openalex.org/W1969184610","https://openalex.org/W1975616171","https://openalex.org/W1976820932","https://openalex.org/W1976955837","https://openalex.org/W1977483405","https://openalex.org/W1980130314","https://openalex.org/W1981411669","https://openalex.org/W1984820389","https://openalex.org/W1989997677","https://openalex.org/W1993448410","https://openalex.org/W1996493140","https://openalex.org/W1997245227","https://openalex.org/W2002614653","https://openalex.org/W2003129702","https://openalex.org/W2005486632","https://openalex.org/W2009710456","https://openalex.org/W2014501256","https://openalex.org/W2017893786","https://openalex.org/W2018464736","https://openalex.org/W2020069357","https://openalex.org/W2028685955","https://openalex.org/W2029333156","https://openalex.org/W2030432162","https://openalex.org/W2034647242","https://openalex.org/W2035213168","https://openalex.org/W2043069574","https://openalex.org/W2043897997","https://openalex.org/W2046612976","https://openalex.org/W2046973175","https://openalex.org/W2057879895","https://openalex.org/W2060594102","https://openalex.org/W2064539458","https://openalex.org/W2068345155","https://openalex.org/W2070769098","https://openalex.org/W2073365286","https://openalex.org/W2084388036","https://openalex.org/W2101180663","https://openalex.org/W2103076363","https://openalex.org/W2104737564","https://openalex.org/W2106980391","https://openalex.org/W2107235439","https://openalex.org/W2110104314","https://openalex.org/W2110957620","https://openalex.org/W2116928593","https://openalex.org/W2117519175","https://openalex.org/W2117780076","https://openalex.org/W2123227850","https://openalex.org/W2125455308","https://openalex.org/W2126525782","https://openalex.org/W2131992889","https://openalex.org/W2133010278","https://openalex.org/W2133500662","https://openalex.org/W2134275802","https://openalex.org/W2135741972","https://openalex.org/W2136158798","https://openalex.org/W2140582776","https://openalex.org/W2140842960","https://openalex.org/W2142808413","https://openalex.org/W2145164170","https://openalex.org/W2148226248","https://openalex.org/W2153953282","https://openalex.org/W2157202822","https://openalex.org/W2157837362","https://openalex.org/W2161180714","https://openalex.org/W2161214119","https://openalex.org/W2171115103","https://openalex.org/W2171930202","https://openalex.org/W2171974929","https://openalex.org/W2184655932","https://openalex.org/W2191632425","https://openalex.org/W2196731768","https://openalex.org/W2196828898","https://openalex.org/W2322706669","https://openalex.org/W2344476800","https://openalex.org/W2346999396","https://openalex.org/W2347018476","https://openalex.org/W2403054213","https://openalex.org/W2406891260","https://openalex.org/W2411228224","https://openalex.org/W2483177305","https://openalex.org/W2484249154","https://openalex.org/W2487870087","https://openalex.org/W2497189506","https://openalex.org/W2528389608","https://openalex.org/W2552240478","https://openalex.org/W2559148013","https://openalex.org/W2570345734","https://openalex.org/W2577405982","https://openalex.org/W2589189621","https://openalex.org/W2599441629","https://openalex.org/W2606862055","https://openalex.org/W2607234190","https://openalex.org/W2625185605","https://openalex.org/W2738499080","https://openalex.org/W2744395836","https://openalex.org/W2753131401","https://openalex.org/W2756083618","https://openalex.org/W2763120370","https://openalex.org/W2780471889","https://openalex.org/W2782685575","https://openalex.org/W2783533721","https://openalex.org/W2784643764","https://openalex.org/W2784734333","https://openalex.org/W2786491593","https://openalex.org/W2797851956","https://openalex.org/W2803433102","https://openalex.org/W2804969367","https://openalex.org/W2807589140","https://openalex.org/W2808970206","https://openalex.org/W2884654036","https://openalex.org/W2886014729","https://openalex.org/W2902975461","https://openalex.org/W2905017893","https://openalex.org/W2914822143","https://openalex.org/W3135645624","https://openalex.org/W4252493259"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2133010278","https://openalex.org/W2483177305","https://openalex.org/W4399982366","https://openalex.org/W3095596498","https://openalex.org/W2022303626","https://openalex.org/W7220518372","https://openalex.org/W1987569420","https://openalex.org/W1969040660","https://openalex.org/W4414269410","https://openalex.org/W2123227850"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Granulocyte-macrophage":[0],"colony-stimulating":[1],"factor":[2,10],"(GM-CSF)":[3],"was":[4],"first":[5],"described":[6,111],"as":[7,96,122],"a":[8,82,105,144],"growth":[9],"that":[11,88,163],"induces":[12],"the":[13,21,37,54,151],"differentiation":[14],"and":[15,39,52,59,100,133,159],"proliferation":[16],"of":[17,41,49,56,62,147,154],"myeloid":[18,42],"progenitors":[19],"in":[20,31,68,85,112,156],"bone":[22],"marrow.":[23],"GM-CSF":[24,69,80,155,165],"also":[25,109],"has":[26,81,108],"an":[27,66],"important":[28],"cytokine":[29],"effect":[30],"chronic":[32],"inflammatory":[33,75,129],"diseases":[34,87,115,158],"by":[35],"stimulating":[36,53],"activation":[38],"migration":[40],"cells":[43,51],"to":[44,73],"inflammation":[45],"sites,":[46],"promoting":[47],"survival":[48],"target":[50,164],"renewal":[55],"effector":[57],"granulocytes":[58],"macrophages.":[60],"Because":[61],"these":[63],"pro-cellular":[64],"effects,":[65],"imbalance":[67],"production/signaling":[70],"may":[71],"lead":[72],"harmful":[74],"conditions.":[76],"In":[77,138],"this":[78,139],"context,":[79],"pathogenic":[83],"role":[84,107],"autoimmune":[86,114],"are":[89,119],"dependent":[90],"on":[91,150],"cellular":[92],"immune":[93],"responses":[94,118],"such":[95,121],"multiple":[97,152],"sclerosis":[98],"(MS)":[99],"rheumatoid":[101],"arthritis":[102],"(RA).":[103],"Conversely,":[104],"protective":[106],"been":[110],"other":[113],"where":[116],"humoral":[117],"detrimental":[120],"myasthenia":[123],"gravis":[124],"(MG),":[125],"Hashimoto's":[126],"thyroiditis":[127],"(HT),":[128],"bowel":[130],"disease":[131],"(IBD),":[132],"systemic":[134],"lupus":[135],"erythematosus":[136],"(SLE).":[137],"review,":[140],"we":[141],"aimed":[142],"for":[143],"comprehensive":[145],"analysis":[146],"literature":[148],"data":[149],"roles":[153],"autoimmue":[157],"possible":[160],"therapeutic":[161],"strategies":[162],"production.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2019-05-29T00:00:00"}