{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2945938797","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su11102815","title":"Classifying Retirement Preparation Planners and Doers: A Multi-Country Study","display_name":"Classifying Retirement Preparation Planners and Doers: A Multi-Country Study","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2945938797","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su11102815","mag":"2945938797"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su11102815","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su11102815","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11102815","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/10/2815/pdf?version=1558064652","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/10/2815/pdf?version=1558064652","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jihyung Han","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jihyung Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022284898","display_name":"Daekyun Ko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4556-6086","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4556-6086"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daekyun Ko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4556-6086","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061110666","display_name":"Hyuncha Choe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyuncha Choe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Consumer Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Consumer Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022284898"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"],"apc_list":{"value":1700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1722},"apc_paid":{"value":1700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1722},"fwci":4.4639,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93954684,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"10","first_page":"2815","last_page":"2815"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10517","display_name":"Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10517","display_name":"Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11631","display_name":"Retirement, Disability, and Employment","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13695","display_name":"Aging, Elder Care, and Social Issues","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retirement-planning","display_name":"retirement planning","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumer-classification","display_name":"consumer classification","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retirement-preparedness","display_name":"retirement preparedness","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-national-comparison","display_name":"cross-national comparison","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retirement-education","display_name":"retirement education","score":0.46299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-adults","display_name":"older adults","score":0.42100000381469727}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778002999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316838","display_name":"Retirement planning","level":2,"score":0.7738086581230164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776999362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2349274","display_name":"Planner","level":2,"score":0.6855262517929077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4583103","display_name":"Preparedness","level":2,"score":0.6045222878456116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.5677395462989807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776639384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840396","display_name":"Ideal (ethics)","level":2,"score":0.5632381439208984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.4595794081687927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.42301174998283386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.42275968194007874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.38901394605636597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.38632088899612427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.33641916513442993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.16436982154846191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.16217920184135437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.14146584272384644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1022728979587555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/su11102815","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su11102815","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11102815","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/10/2815/pdf?version=1558064652","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:10:p:2815-:d:231935","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/10/2815/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:327aec6e40404e139f07bc6fff9fa3b8","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/327aec6e40404e139f07bc6fff9fa3b8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability, Vol 11, Iss 10, p 2815 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su11102815","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su11102815","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11102815","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/10/2815/pdf?version=1558064652","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2945938797.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2945938797.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1867669560","https://openalex.org/W1990692480","https://openalex.org/W1994639537","https://openalex.org/W1997680043","https://openalex.org/W1998600470","https://openalex.org/W2008118859","https://openalex.org/W2038254429","https://openalex.org/W2040051790","https://openalex.org/W2048672847","https://openalex.org/W2049540527","https://openalex.org/W2075501719","https://openalex.org/W2101462238","https://openalex.org/W2101969839","https://openalex.org/W2108017860","https://openalex.org/W2142225458","https://openalex.org/W2143069758","https://openalex.org/W2158654569","https://openalex.org/W2167366201","https://openalex.org/W2397110049","https://openalex.org/W2552312632","https://openalex.org/W2890473091","https://openalex.org/W2892167014","https://openalex.org/W2995031851","https://openalex.org/W3122766452","https://openalex.org/W3123289953","https://openalex.org/W3124177613","https://openalex.org/W4246962178","https://openalex.org/W4254685632"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2778362712","https://openalex.org/W274996144","https://openalex.org/W3177858559","https://openalex.org/W2261747435","https://openalex.org/W4406446686","https://openalex.org/W2738451785","https://openalex.org/W2973069783","https://openalex.org/W2328168175","https://openalex.org/W4362514086","https://openalex.org/W7140083779"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,62],"study":[1,63],"has":[2],"three":[3],"principal":[4],"aims:":[5],"to":[6,16,28,31,72,162,168],"classify":[7],"consumers":[8,33,48,115,164],"by":[9,40,67],"their":[10,152,175],"retirement":[11,22,39,42,77,136,142],"preparation":[12,23,78],"planning":[13],"and":[14,27,59,85,100,138,144,184],"behavior;":[15],"examine":[17],"the":[18,45,74,83,86,93,111,128,160,166,180],"financial":[19,36,172],"status":[20],"of":[21,76,97,114,141,182],"in":[24,79,116,151,154,174],"each":[25],"country;":[26],"find":[29],"ways":[30],"help":[32,163],"effectively":[34,170],"secure":[35],"sustainability":[37,173],"after":[38],"practicing":[41],"preparation.":[43],"Adopting":[44],"planner\u2013doer":[46],"model,":[47],"were":[49,90,119],"classified":[50],"into":[51],"four":[52],"types:":[53],"\u2018indifferent,\u2019":[54],"\u2018just":[55,57,120],"planner,\u2019":[56],"doer,\u2019":[58],"\u2018ideal":[60,123,146],"doer.\u2019":[61],"used":[64],"data":[65,89],"collected":[66],"Korea":[68],"Life":[69],"Insurance":[70],"Association":[71],"compare":[73],"level":[75,140],"Korea,":[80],"Japan,":[81],"Germany,":[82],"U.S.,":[84],"U.K.":[87],"The":[88,105],"analyzed":[91],"using":[92],"chi-square":[94],"test,":[95],"analysis":[96],"variance":[98],"(ANOVA),":[99],"binary":[101],"logistic":[102],"regression":[103],"analysis.":[104],"major":[106],"findings":[107,158],"are":[108,125],"three-fold:":[109],"first,":[110],"largest":[112],"percentage":[113],"every":[117],"country":[118],"doers\u2019;":[121],"second,":[122],"doers\u2019":[124,147],"older":[126],"than":[127],"other":[129],"types,":[130],"but":[131],"have":[132],"a":[133],"low":[134],"expected":[135],"age":[137],"high":[139],"preparedness;":[143],"third,":[145],"demonstrated":[148],"distinct":[149],"variations":[150],"characteristics":[153],"different":[155],"countries.":[156],"These":[157],"indicate":[159],"need":[161],"recognize":[165],"necessity":[167],"prepare":[169],"for":[171],"post-retirement":[176],"lives;":[177],"this":[178],"requires":[179],"development":[181],"policy":[183],"gradual":[185],"education":[186],"programs,":[187],"including":[188],"effective":[189],"practical":[190],"suggestions.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2019-05-29T00:00:00"}