{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2944624997","doi":null,"title":"Mesopredator abundances, prey interactions and diet of Caracal caracal and Canis mesomelas in the Gamkaberg, Western Cape","display_name":"Mesopredator abundances, prey interactions and diet of Caracal caracal and Canis mesomelas in the Gamkaberg, Western Cape","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2944624997","mag":"2944624997"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/105098","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/105098","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400300","display_name":"SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","host_organization_name":"Stellenbosch University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003579335","display_name":"Elani Steenkamp","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Elani Steenkamp","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003579335"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11913","display_name":"Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13388","display_name":"Rangeland and Wildlife Management","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caracal","display_name":"caracal","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canis-mesomelas","display_name":"Canis mesomelas","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-backed-jackal","display_name":"black-backed jackal","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carnivorous-diet","display_name":"carnivore diet","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rodent-prey","display_name":"rodent prey","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-wildlife-conflict","display_name":"human-wildlife conflict","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/livestock-depredation","display_name":"livestock depredation","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carnivore-conservation","display_name":"carnivore conservation","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scat-analysis","display_name":"scat analysis","score":0.5419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stomach-content-analysis","display_name":"stomach content analysis","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solifugae","display_name":"Solifugae","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invertebrate-prey","display_name":"invertebrate prey","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carnivore-distribution","display_name":"carnivore distribution","score":0.421999990940094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84752544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10328964","display_name":"Mesopredator release hypothesis","level":4,"score":0.9008327722549438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188382862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170430","display_name":"Predation","level":2,"score":0.7188658714294434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779557943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149892","display_name":"Canis","level":2,"score":0.6686309576034546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.6335453391075134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196446688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202994","display_name":"Carrion","level":2,"score":0.5683877468109131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777628658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034198","display_name":"Cape","level":2,"score":0.5332253575325012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.4631578028202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173656711","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19067","display_name":"Apex predator","level":3,"score":0.3446338176727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.33901551365852356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.328571081161499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.19493651390075684}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/105098","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/105098","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400300","display_name":"SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","host_organization_name":"Stellenbosch University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:2944624997","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/105098","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.9599999785423279,"display_name":"Life on land"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":124,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W34634529","https://openalex.org/W37202280","https://openalex.org/W47822333","https://openalex.org/W124926582","https://openalex.org/W353755972","https://openalex.org/W598210275","https://openalex.org/W646178084","https://openalex.org/W1457490129","https://openalex.org/W1479737286","https://openalex.org/W1480092759","https://openalex.org/W1489838709","https://openalex.org/W1506064382","https://openalex.org/W1519146806","https://openalex.org/W1553232226","https://openalex.org/W1567692432","https://openalex.org/W1569622089","https://openalex.org/W1606552287","https://openalex.org/W1667973793","https://openalex.org/W1827162315","https://openalex.org/W1969314674","https://openalex.org/W1973072144","https://openalex.org/W1975180850","https://openalex.org/W1980695463","https://openalex.org/W1988921989","https://openalex.org/W1994695325","https://openalex.org/W1995680464","https://openalex.org/W2000502682","https://openalex.org/W2002231462","https://openalex.org/W2003675285","https://openalex.org/W2004827430","https://openalex.org/W2008019499","https://openalex.org/W2011225311","https://openalex.org/W2014666871","https://openalex.org/W2018027931","https://openalex.org/W2019851644","https://openalex.org/W2020565480","https://openalex.org/W2023445923","https://openalex.org/W2028696026","https://openalex.org/W2037702204","https://openalex.org/W2038916604","https://openalex.org/W2038935866","https://openalex.org/W2041520387","https://openalex.org/W2044644375","https://openalex.org/W2045978033","https://openalex.org/W2049873744","https://openalex.org/W2050653216","https://openalex.org/W2051247465","https://openalex.org/W2053111729","https://openalex.org/W2054965525","https://openalex.org/W2055032654","https://openalex.org/W2057507880","https://openalex.org/W2060133491","https://openalex.org/W2060971919","https://openalex.org/W2064572771","https://openalex.org/W2064932461","https://openalex.org/W2065532445","https://openalex.org/W2071192193","https://openalex.org/W2072750979","https://openalex.org/W2076449838","https://openalex.org/W2079715126","https://openalex.org/W2089779396","https://openalex.org/W2092494720","https://openalex.org/W2095080658","https://openalex.org/W2096475184","https://openalex.org/W2097699712","https://openalex.org/W2098827790","https://openalex.org/W2100620930","https://openalex.org/W2103222650","https://openalex.org/W2106036318","https://openalex.org/W2109794802","https://openalex.org/W2111550658","https://openalex.org/W2114164542","https://openalex.org/W2115637534","https://openalex.org/W2116052220","https://openalex.org/W2119602524","https://openalex.org/W2123840590","https://openalex.org/W2125098916","https://openalex.org/W2125954771","https://openalex.org/W2133704536","https://openalex.org/W2145030690","https://openalex.org/W2145172040","https://openalex.org/W2148502918","https://openalex.org/W2149234828","https://openalex.org/W2149603452","https://openalex.org/W2152283858","https://openalex.org/W2153303257","https://openalex.org/W2153558726","https://openalex.org/W2153955079","https://openalex.org/W2157397753","https://openalex.org/W2161560531","https://openalex.org/W2161793365","https://openalex.org/W2162348455","https://openalex.org/W2163744914","https://openalex.org/W2170536240","https://openalex.org/W2171792683","https://openalex.org/W2177311084","https://openalex.org/W2180801317","https://openalex.org/W2184056427","https://openalex.org/W2185662998","https://openalex.org/W2187623855","https://openalex.org/W2260934491","https://openalex.org/W2262471846","https://openalex.org/W2265771988","https://openalex.org/W2296436000","https://openalex.org/W2303433350","https://openalex.org/W2316607721","https://openalex.org/W2318603125","https://openalex.org/W2321279421","https://openalex.org/W2471079419","https://openalex.org/W2474403070","https://openalex.org/W2508577859","https://openalex.org/W2521461027","https://openalex.org/W2567185734","https://openalex.org/W2605346650","https://openalex.org/W2777001800","https://openalex.org/W2782422773","https://openalex.org/W2794388369","https://openalex.org/W2797125213","https://openalex.org/W2900135286","https://openalex.org/W2917960199","https://openalex.org/W2940196247","https://openalex.org/W2944300138","https://openalex.org/W2947257610","https://openalex.org/W3121326660"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2777001800","https://openalex.org/W4387209303","https://openalex.org/W2345891857","https://openalex.org/W2890507143","https://openalex.org/W2204759877","https://openalex.org/W7168260557","https://openalex.org/W3030268288","https://openalex.org/W2811397944","https://openalex.org/W1969483286","https://openalex.org/W4388531766"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ENGLISH":[0],"ABSTRACT:":[1],"Carnivore":[2],"conservation":[3,203,455,512,628,656],"is":[4,42,156,468],"considered":[5],"a":[6,10,207,326,366,411,502],"priority":[7],"due":[8,47],"to":[9,48,88,210,224,281,409,426,454,462,483,523,542],"rise":[11],"in":[12,24,30,62,69,95,105,153,202,236,251,284,297,336,373,381,394,399,421,493,509,544,595,627,636,655],"conflict":[13,34,61],"between":[14,561,574,583,598],"involved":[15],"species":[16,194,221,420,467,530,550],"and":[17,77,90,113,150,165,169,175,177,195,201,230,243,259,269,293,313,333,344,350,354,385,429,449,456,480,490,511,537,551,576,585,600,607,620,654],"humans.":[18],"Conservation":[19],"strategies":[20],"are":[21,325,424,452,460],"thus":[22,289],"essential":[23],"ensuring":[25],"the":[26,43,59,121,130,133,144,147,151,154,163,189,192,241,252,272,300,319,339,374,383,395,403,418,436,466,485,494,528,532,565,645,648],"persistence":[27],"of":[28,45,55,98,124,132,146,167,184,191,239,254,263,275,338,352,369,417,435,488,527,564],"carnivores":[29],"carnivore-human":[31],"conflict.":[32],"This":[33,81,397,472,642],"affects":[35],"many":[36,306],"livestock":[37,49,211],"farmers,":[38],"whose":[39],"main":[40],"concern":[41],"loss":[44],"income":[46],"deaths":[50],"from":[51,647],"predators.":[52],"Reported":[53],"incidences":[54],"depredations":[56],"could":[57,66],"intensify":[58],"human-wildlife":[60],"an":[63,96],"area,":[64],"which":[65],"potentially":[67],"result":[68],"predators":[70,87],"being":[71],"killed":[72],"by,":[73],"for":[74,299,331,341,365,402,501,633,658],"example,":[75],"trapping":[76],"through":[78,318],"sport":[79],"hunting.":[80],"measure-for-measure":[82],"retaliatory":[83],"response":[84],"can":[85],"drive":[86],"local":[89],"regional":[91],"extirpation,":[92],"often":[93],"resulting":[94],"increase":[97],"wild":[99],"herbivore":[100],"densities.":[101],"Small":[102],"stock":[103],"farmers":[104],"South":[106,125],"Africa":[107],"regard":[108],"leopard,":[109],"caracal":[110,152,168,244,355,384,489,536,606,619],"(Caracal":[111],"caracal)":[112],"black-backed":[114,148,170,265,302,386,404,491,538,609,621],"jackal":[115,149,171,242,266,303,343,353,387,492,539,610,622],"(Canis":[116],"mesomelas)":[117],"as":[118,311,580,582],"vermin.":[119],"In":[120,346,534,603],"Gamkaberg":[122],"region":[123],"Africa\u2019s":[126],"Western":[127],"Cape":[128,134],"Province,":[129],"diet":[131,166,295],"leopard":[135],"has":[136],"been":[137],"studied":[138],"quite":[139],"extensively,":[140],"but":[141,459],"research":[142],"on":[143,162,188,199,214,439,444,477,548,614,624,640,652],"diets":[145,190,277,372,388,416],"area":[155],"lacking.":[157],"Consequently,":[158],"this":[159,185,347,422],"study":[160,423,473,495],"focussed":[161],"distribution":[164],"using":[172],"camera":[173,445,615],"traps":[174,498],"scat":[176,356,649],"stomach":[178],"content":[179,287],"analyses.":[180],"The":[181,261,377,415,432],"first":[182],"part":[183,368,434],"thesis":[186,437],"focuses":[187,438],"two":[193,566],"compares":[196],"dietary":[197],"preferences":[198],"farmland":[200],"areas.":[204],"Results":[205],"pose":[206],"clear":[208],"contrast":[209],"farmers\u2019":[212],"view":[213],"these":[215],"predators\u2019":[216],"natural":[217,634],"diet.":[218],"Both":[219],"focal":[220,419,529,660],"were":[222,231,234,248,334,499,521,540,571,591,612],"found":[223,235,335,380,541,560,573,651],"prey":[225,229,308,430,562,596,635,639],"upon":[226],"predominately":[227],"smaller":[228],"opportunistic.":[232],"Insects":[233],"approximately":[237],"10%":[238],"both":[240,255,342,370,382,659],"scats.":[245,285],"Other":[246],"invertebrates":[247],"also":[249,515,572,643],"identified":[250],"scats":[253],"species,":[256],"including":[257],"scorpions":[258],"Solifugae.":[260],"stomachs":[262],"11":[264],"contained":[267,359],"Solifugae":[268],"egg":[270],"remnants;":[271],"softer":[273],"nature":[274,393],"such":[276,310],"makes":[278,406],"it":[279,407],"difficult":[280,408,461],"detect":[282],"them":[283],"Stomach":[286],"analyses":[288],"indicated":[290],"more":[291],"recent":[292],"detailed":[294],"results,":[296],"particular":[298],"opportunistic":[301,391],"that":[304,315],"ingests":[305],"soft-tissue":[307],"items,":[309],"carrion":[312],"Arthropoda":[314],"rarely":[316],"persist":[317],"digestive":[320],"tract.":[321],"Mammals,":[322],"especially":[323,401,464],"rodents,":[324],"very":[327],"important":[328],"food":[329],"source":[330],"mesopredators":[332],"most":[337],"samples":[340,650],"caracal.":[345],"study,":[348],"83.3%":[349],"88.1%":[351],"samples,":[357],"respectively,":[358],"rodent":[360],"parts.":[361],"Rodents,":[362],"therefore,":[363],"account":[364],"significant":[367,557,593],"mesopredators\u2019":[371],"Little":[375],"Karoo.":[376],"large":[378],"variation":[379],"confirmed":[389],"their":[390,631],"feeding":[392],"Gamkaberg.":[396],"flexibility":[398],"diet,":[400],"jackal,":[405],"determine":[410],"prey-specific":[412],"preference":[413,632],"pattern.":[414],"adaptable":[425],"time,":[427],"space":[428],"availability.":[431],"second":[433],"estimating":[440],"population":[441],"density":[442,450],"based":[443,476],"trapping.":[446],"Population":[447],"size":[448],"estimates":[451],"informative":[453],"management":[457],"planning":[458],"estimate,":[463],"if":[465],"rare":[469],"or":[470],"elusive.":[471],"used":[474,500],"estimators":[475],"relative":[478,486],"abundance":[479,487],"presence-absence":[481],"records":[482],"assess":[484],"area.":[496],"Camera":[497],"10":[503],"month":[504],"period":[505],"(June":[506],"2014-April":[507],"2015)":[508],"farmlands":[510,625,653],"areas,":[513,546,629],"whilst":[514],"testing":[516],"different":[517],"sampling":[518,578,587],"efforts.":[519],"Graphs":[520],"produced":[522],"illustrate":[524],"activity":[525,554],"periods":[526],"throughout":[531],"year.":[533],"particular,":[535],"roam":[543],"overlapping":[545],"preying":[547],"similar":[549,553],"showing":[552],"patterns.":[555],"A":[556],"difference":[558],"was":[559],"diversity":[563,597],"land-uses":[567],"(P=0.001).":[568],"Significant":[569],"differences":[570,594],"randomised":[575,584],"intensive":[577,599],"(P=0.03)":[579],"well":[581],"extensive":[586,601],"(P=0.05).":[588],"However,":[589],"there":[590],"no":[592],"sampling.":[602],"total,":[604],"28":[605],"115":[608],"occurrences":[611],"recorded":[613],"traps,":[616],"with":[617],"less":[618],"detected":[623],"than":[626],"indicating":[630],"reserves":[637],"over":[638],"farmlands.":[641],"corroborates":[644],"results":[646],"areas":[657],"species.":[661]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-18T07:49:30.821534","created_date":"2019-05-16T00:00:00"}
