{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2944544706","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su11092655","title":"Assessment of Mechanical Property Variation of As-Processed Bast Fibers","display_name":"Assessment of Mechanical Property Variation of As-Processed Bast Fibers","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2944544706","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su11092655","mag":"2944544706"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su11092655","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su11092655","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11092655","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/9/2655/pdf?version=1557388437","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/9/2655/pdf?version=1557388437","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054163650","display_name":"Bryan Feigel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1819-9313","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1819-9313"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157455823","display_name":"SUNY New Paltz","ror":"https://ror.org/03j3dv688","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157455823"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bryan Feigel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Engineering Programs, State University of New York at New Paltz, New Paltz, NY 12561, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Engineering Programs, State University of New York at New Paltz, New Paltz, NY 12561, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157455823"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048455683","display_name":"Hanami Robles","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157455823","display_name":"SUNY New Paltz","ror":"https://ror.org/03j3dv688","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157455823"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanami Robles","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Engineering Programs, State University of New York at New Paltz, New Paltz, NY 12561, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Engineering Programs, State University of New York at New Paltz, New Paltz, NY 12561, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157455823"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jared W. Nelson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1819-9313","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1819-9313"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157455823","display_name":"SUNY New Paltz","ror":"https://ror.org/03j3dv688","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157455823"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jared W. Nelson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Engineering Programs, State University of New York at New Paltz, New Paltz, NY 12561, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1819-9313","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Engineering Programs, State University of New York at New Paltz, New Paltz, NY 12561, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157455823"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080184927","display_name":"James M.S. Whaley","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James M.S. Whaley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sunstrand LLC, Louisville, KY 40206, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sunstrand LLC, Louisville, KY 40206, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081676446","display_name":"Lydia J. Bright","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7185-9988","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7185-9988"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157455823","display_name":"SUNY New Paltz","ror":"https://ror.org/03j3dv688","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157455823"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lydia J. Bright","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biology, State University of New York at New Paltz, New Paltz, NY 12561, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7185-9988","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology, State University of New York at New Paltz, New Paltz, NY 12561, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157455823"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157455823"],"apc_list":{"value":1700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1722},"apc_paid":{"value":1700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1722},"fwci":0.6408,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.608443,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"9","first_page":"2655","last_page":"2655"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10513","display_name":"Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10513","display_name":"Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11595","display_name":"Textile materials and evaluations","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10687","display_name":"Innovative concrete reinforcement materials","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bast-fibers","display_name":"bast fibers","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hemp","display_name":"hemp","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flax","display_name":"flax","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kenaf","display_name":"kenaf","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-property-variability","display_name":"mechanical property variability","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-cross-sectional-area","display_name":"fiber cross-sectional area","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-defects","display_name":"physical defects","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-color","display_name":"fiber color","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stem-diameter","display_name":"stem diameter","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lignin-content","display_name":"lignin content","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tensile-strength","display_name":"tensile strength","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elastic-modulus","display_name":"elastic modulus","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-fiber-composites","display_name":"natural fiber composites","score":0.8560000061988831}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193274303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1269339","display_name":"Bast fibre","level":2,"score":0.9804158210754395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.7585188150405884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112950240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76005","display_name":"Ultimate tensile strength","level":2,"score":0.7221232056617737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7186019420623779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778328744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137540","display_name":"Kenaf","level":3,"score":0.6963286995887756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519885992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161","display_name":"Fiber","level":2,"score":0.6386165618896484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781052789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184817","display_name":"Lignin","level":2,"score":0.5066366791725159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19149912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4373292","display_name":"Physical property","level":2,"score":0.5014259815216064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193867417","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6889814","display_name":"Modulus","level":2,"score":0.44064226746559143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.12274324893951416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/su11092655","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su11092655","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11092655","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/9/2655/pdf?version=1557388437","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:9:p:2655-:d:229530","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/9/2655/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d830f9567d754fd1af05f3cd66b785bd","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d830f9567d754fd1af05f3cd66b785bd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability, Vol 11, Iss 9, p 2655 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su11092655","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su11092655","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11092655","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/9/2655/pdf?version=1557388437","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2944544706.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2944544706.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W199306791","https://openalex.org/W1480746470","https://openalex.org/W1513092120","https://openalex.org/W1964883498","https://openalex.org/W1968664163","https://openalex.org/W1968686179","https://openalex.org/W1973274304","https://openalex.org/W1975954521","https://openalex.org/W1978572774","https://openalex.org/W1978792791","https://openalex.org/W1979332812","https://openalex.org/W1982488090","https://openalex.org/W1985340194","https://openalex.org/W1985581219","https://openalex.org/W1996890681","https://openalex.org/W1997500541","https://openalex.org/W1999094121","https://openalex.org/W2007381700","https://openalex.org/W2007419086","https://openalex.org/W2008571724","https://openalex.org/W2014549068","https://openalex.org/W2024871446","https://openalex.org/W2028119630","https://openalex.org/W2029886281","https://openalex.org/W2044892884","https://openalex.org/W2048116009","https://openalex.org/W2052796052","https://openalex.org/W2055857455","https://openalex.org/W2057656670","https://openalex.org/W2074905411","https://openalex.org/W2078557049","https://openalex.org/W2081242396","https://openalex.org/W2082235397","https://openalex.org/W2083427835","https://openalex.org/W2094756207","https://openalex.org/W2110621661","https://openalex.org/W2114546701","https://openalex.org/W2135489397","https://openalex.org/W2138024385","https://openalex.org/W2140314744","https://openalex.org/W2144621575","https://openalex.org/W2148682066","https://openalex.org/W2150178045","https://openalex.org/W2150743345","https://openalex.org/W2312592149","https://openalex.org/W2315825933","https://openalex.org/W2495220778","https://openalex.org/W2539566643","https://openalex.org/W2732839089","https://openalex.org/W2793282509"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2980637882","https://openalex.org/W1973274304","https://openalex.org/W2952059060","https://openalex.org/W2612621557","https://openalex.org/W4287635176","https://openalex.org/W2334935739","https://openalex.org/W2068466442","https://openalex.org/W2030922697","https://openalex.org/W2793282509","https://openalex.org/W4414517347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hemp,":[0],"flax,":[1],"and":[2,35,62,82,85,140,165,200],"kenaf":[3],"are":[4],"bast":[5],"fibers":[6,15,44,61,120,129,148,178],"with":[7,188],"promising":[8],"material":[9,29],"characteristics":[10],"to":[11,56,66,93,134,142,154,174,185,212],"sustainably":[12],"displace":[13],"synthetic":[14],"used":[16],"in":[17,22,59,96,105,126,197],"composites;":[18],"however,":[19],"their":[20],"use":[21],"composite":[23],"applications":[24],"is":[25,45],"hindered":[26],"by":[27,72,118],"high":[28],"property":[30,158,216],"variability.":[31,52],"More":[32],"widespread":[33],"adoption":[34],"application,":[36],"as":[37,39],"well":[38],"improved":[40],"quality":[41],"methods,":[42],"of":[43,50,70,101,149],"contingent":[46],"on":[47],"the":[48,110,194,220],"reduction":[49],"this":[51],"Efforts":[53],"made":[54],"herein":[55],"assess":[57],"variability":[58,71,112],"as-processed":[60],"methods":[63],"were":[64,152,172,204],"found":[65,95,153,173],"identify":[67],"key":[68],"sources":[69],"investigating":[73],"four":[74],"areas:":[75],"cross-sectional":[76,102],"area":[77],"approximation,":[78],"physical":[79,122],"defects,":[80,123],"color":[81,151],"stem":[83,170,181],"diameter,":[84],"fiber":[86,89,115,199],"composition.":[87],"Using":[88],"gage":[90],"lengths":[91],"closer":[92],"those":[94,166],"composites,":[97],"different":[98],"geometric":[99],"approximations":[100],"areas":[103],"resulted":[104],"mean":[106],"elliptical":[107],"approximation":[108],"showing":[109],"lowest":[111],"across":[113],"all":[114],"types.":[116],"Next,":[117],"removing":[119],"exhibiting":[121],"maximum":[124],"variation":[125,159],"tested":[127],"flax":[128],"was":[130],"reduced":[131],"from":[132,168,179],"66%":[133],"49%":[135],"for":[136,144],"ultimate":[137],"tensile":[138],"strength":[139],"74%":[141],"36%":[143],"elastic":[145],"modulus.":[146],"Additionally,":[147],"darker":[150],"have":[155],"lower":[156],"mechanical":[157,202,215],"than":[160,177],"lighter":[161],"or":[162],"spotted":[163],"fibers,":[164],"coming":[167],"smaller":[169],"diameters":[171],"be":[175],"stronger":[176],"large":[180],"diameters.":[182],"Finally,":[183],"contrary":[184],"previous":[186],"findings":[187],"other":[189],"lignocellulosics,":[190],"clear":[191],"trends":[192],"between":[193],"lignin":[195],"content":[196],"a":[198],"its":[201],"properties":[203],"not":[205],"readily":[206],"evident.":[207],"Overall,":[208],"these":[209],"factors":[210],"combined":[211],"significantly":[213],"reduce":[214],"variation,":[217],"while":[218],"identifying":[219],"underlying":[221],"contributing":[222],"parameters.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2019-05-16T00:00:00"}