{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2943766403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2019.1610714","title":"Gender differences in optimism","display_name":"Gender differences in optimism","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2943766403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2019.1610714","mag":"2943766403"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/00036846.2019.1610714","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2019.1610714","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2019.1610714","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S201533460","display_name":"Applied Economics","issn_l":"0003-6846","issn":["0003-6846","1466-4283"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/210916/1/1666116467.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040658767","display_name":"Carl Magnus Bjuggren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8497-9911","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8497-9911"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I77432436","display_name":"Research Institute of Industrial Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/0311gd774","country_code":"SE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77432436"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94658018","display_name":"University of Memphis","ror":"https://ror.org/01cq23130","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]}],"countries":["SE","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carl Magnus Bjuggren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN), Stockholm, Sweden","University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8497-9911","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN), Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I77432436"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066405963","display_name":"Niklas Elert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3851-7788","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3851-7788","https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8798-112X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I77432436","display_name":"Research Institute of Industrial Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/0311gd774","country_code":"SE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77432436"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Niklas Elert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN), Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN), Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I77432436"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040658767"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I77432436","https://openalex.org/I94658018"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0187,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94619257,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":"47","first_page":"5160","last_page":"5173"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.38429999351501465,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.38429999351501465,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10517","display_name":"Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis","score":0.11789999902248383,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12485","display_name":"Optimism, Hope, and Well-being","score":0.09749999642372131,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences","display_name":"gender differences","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimism","display_name":"optimism","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-expectations","display_name":"economic expectations","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-downturn","display_name":"economic downturn","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-availability","display_name":"information availability","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/belief-accuracy","display_name":"belief accuracy","score":0.578000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204017024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485446","display_name":"Optimism","level":2,"score":0.9644291996955872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6528148651123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6137803792953491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5447145700454712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198477413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7647069","display_name":"Survey data collection","level":2,"score":0.43050411343574524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776294082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098963","display_name":"Optimism bias","level":3,"score":0.42537909746170044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.34098416566848755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3309738039970398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.23344072699546814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.2009868025779724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/00036846.2019.1610714","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2019.1610714","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2019.1610714","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S201533460","display_name":"Applied Economics","issn_l":"0003-6846","issn":["0003-6846","1466-4283"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:hhs:iuiwop:1275","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ifn.se/wfiles/wp/wp1275.pdf","pdf_url":"https://www.ifn.se/wfiles/wp/wp1275.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/210916","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/210916","pdf_url":"https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/210916/1/1666116467.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:workingPaper"},{"id":"mag:3124679933","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ideas.repec.org/p/hhs/iuiwop/1275.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3135558354","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID3380182_code2317405.pdf?abstractid=3380182&mirid=1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:taf:applec:v:51:y:2019:i:47:p:5160-5173","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00036846.2019.1610714","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/210916","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/210916","pdf_url":"https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/210916/1/1666116467.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:workingPaper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327344","display_name":"Marcus och Amalia Wallenbergs minnesfond","ror":"https://ror.org/024f3s581"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2943766403.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2943766403.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1562208008","https://openalex.org/W1590158732","https://openalex.org/W2030874315","https://openalex.org/W2041816254","https://openalex.org/W2079615204","https://openalex.org/W2090349470","https://openalex.org/W2095992427","https://openalex.org/W2096452841","https://openalex.org/W2111291834","https://openalex.org/W2118530947","https://openalex.org/W2122713011","https://openalex.org/W2158810025","https://openalex.org/W2586830425","https://openalex.org/W2616442926","https://openalex.org/W3121529264","https://openalex.org/W3126080930","https://openalex.org/W4211038230","https://openalex.org/W4252855288","https://openalex.org/W4253706277","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4293586167","https://openalex.org/W6703743021"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W334115017","https://openalex.org/W4233348437","https://openalex.org/W2616442926","https://openalex.org/W3125348079","https://openalex.org/W4401528954","https://openalex.org/W2585342943","https://openalex.org/W2169799391","https://openalex.org/W2035545281","https://openalex.org/W2931493408","https://openalex.org/W3093370249"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,107],"article":[1],"examines":[2],"gender":[3,102],"differences":[4,103],"in":[5,17,41,88,97,104,109],"optimism":[6,12,35,105],"about":[7,23,91],"the":[8,24,42,55,92,101,115,121],"economy.":[9,122],"We":[10,29],"measure":[11,33],"using":[13],"Swedish":[14],"survey":[15],"data":[16],"which":[18],"respondents":[19],"stated":[20],"their":[21,52,89],"beliefs":[22,90,110],"country\u2019s":[25],"future":[26,56,93],"economic":[27,49,63,94,99],"situation.":[28,95],"argue":[30],"that":[31,72],"this":[32],"of":[34,54,117],"is":[36],"preferable":[37],"to":[38,62,85],"common":[39],"measurements":[40],"literature":[43],"since":[44],"it":[45,58],"avoids":[46],"confounding":[47],"individuals\u2019":[48],"situation":[50],"with":[51,67],"perception":[53],"and":[57],"can":[59,111],"be":[60,86,112],"compared":[61],"indicators.":[64],"In":[65],"line":[66],"previous":[68],"research,":[69],"we":[70],"find":[71],"men":[73,80],"are":[74,81],"more":[75,83],"optimistic":[76],"than":[77],"women;":[78],"however,":[79],"also":[82],"prone":[84],"wrong":[87],"Furthermore,":[96],"sharp":[98],"downturns,":[100],"disappear.":[106],"convergence":[108],"explained":[113],"by":[114],"amount":[116],"available":[118],"information":[119],"on":[120]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-15T10:00:46.086208","created_date":"2019-05-09T00:00:00"}