{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2943719600","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2019.100207","title":"Characteristics of cloud-to-ground lightning activity over hubei province, China","display_name":"Characteristics of cloud-to-ground lightning activity over hubei province, China","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2943719600","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2019.100207","mag":"2943719600"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.wace.2019.100207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2019.100207","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2019.100207","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212094717301408/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764450071","display_name":"Weather and Climate Extremes","issn_l":"2212-0947","issn":["2212-0947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Weather and Climate Extremes","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212094717301408/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113869922","display_name":"Jian Chai","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jian Chai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei Lightning Protecting Center, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Lightning Protecting Center, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109341826","display_name":"Jing Sun","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405280324","display_name":"Institute of Heavy Rain, China Meteorological Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/02s8kmg90","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141301092","https://openalex.org/I4405280324"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei Key Laboratory for Heavy Rain Monitoring and Warning Research, Institute of Heavy Rain, China Meteorological Administration, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Key Laboratory for Heavy Rain Monitoring and Warning Research, Institute of Heavy Rain, China Meteorological Administration, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405280324"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113869922"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1950},"apc_paid":{"value":1950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1950},"fwci":0.379,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55654465,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":null,"first_page":"100207","last_page":"100207"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10787","display_name":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10787","display_name":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12737","display_name":"Electrical Fault Detection and Protection","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-to-ground-lightning","display_name":"cloud-to-ground lightning","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positive-lightning","display_name":"positive lightning","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negative-lightning","display_name":"negative lightning","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lightning-location-system","display_name":"lightning location system","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lightning-intensity","display_name":"lightning intensity","score":0.46700000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seasonal-variation","display_name":"seasonal variation","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diurnal-variation","display_name":"diurnal variation","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-distribution-of-lightning","display_name":"spatial distribution of lightning","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lightning-protection","display_name":"lightning protection","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lightning-prediction","display_name":"lightning prediction","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hubei","display_name":"Hubei Province","score":0.9879999756813049}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69398868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q129052","display_name":"Lightning (connector)","level":3,"score":0.7791293859481812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780500098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3050846","display_name":"Lightning detection","level":3,"score":0.6964271068572998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6480075120925903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777526259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221836","display_name":"Flash (photography)","level":2,"score":0.6254211068153381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.5960097908973694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93038891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061524","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","level":2,"score":0.466564804315567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.46469518542289734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.3673999309539795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.36029165983200073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.34909358620643616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.18766477704048157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80316258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2857578","display_name":"Thunderstorm","level":2,"score":0.16968047618865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11146625876426697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.wace.2019.100207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2019.100207","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2019.100207","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212094717301408/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764450071","display_name":"Weather and Climate Extremes","issn_l":"2212-0947","issn":["2212-0947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Weather and Climate Extremes","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bfa1e406ed204783a672ed2b343e363d","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bfa1e406ed204783a672ed2b343e363d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Weather and Climate Extremes, Vol 24, Iss , Pp - (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.wace.2019.100207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2019.100207","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2019.100207","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212094717301408/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764450071","display_name":"Weather and Climate Extremes","issn_l":"2212-0947","issn":["2212-0947"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Weather and Climate Extremes","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.685699999332428,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1563932739","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41275008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3412386797","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201401","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321655","display_name":"Science and Technology Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/044vr6g03"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2943719600.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2943719600.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W121030195","https://openalex.org/W202888337","https://openalex.org/W1495326998","https://openalex.org/W1529967770","https://openalex.org/W1572021140","https://openalex.org/W1968242134","https://openalex.org/W1973969984","https://openalex.org/W1996682533","https://openalex.org/W1999896758","https://openalex.org/W2000160374","https://openalex.org/W2000569032","https://openalex.org/W2004177193","https://openalex.org/W2006518762","https://openalex.org/W2009005855","https://openalex.org/W2010775785","https://openalex.org/W2011059993","https://openalex.org/W2011772017","https://openalex.org/W2012687757","https://openalex.org/W2015775725","https://openalex.org/W2021298208","https://openalex.org/W2021681696","https://openalex.org/W2036186495","https://openalex.org/W2039357833","https://openalex.org/W2039420181","https://openalex.org/W2039848571","https://openalex.org/W2042361863","https://openalex.org/W2059242337","https://openalex.org/W2075462094","https://openalex.org/W2078959318","https://openalex.org/W2106123550","https://openalex.org/W2107012025","https://openalex.org/W2109839958","https://openalex.org/W2143566810","https://openalex.org/W2145467057","https://openalex.org/W2146124812","https://openalex.org/W2172859314","https://openalex.org/W2175631477","https://openalex.org/W2180057428","https://openalex.org/W2181178772","https://openalex.org/W2326241991","https://openalex.org/W2561374453","https://openalex.org/W2943935046","https://openalex.org/W3023258811","https://openalex.org/W4253258423","https://openalex.org/W4406538112"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2349108216","https://openalex.org/W2384926692","https://openalex.org/W2386209110","https://openalex.org/W2370662989","https://openalex.org/W2011724318","https://openalex.org/W7124398803","https://openalex.org/W2372421070","https://openalex.org/W1528999314","https://openalex.org/W2386351336","https://openalex.org/W6941101252"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,31,60,77,101,146],"research":[1],"is":[2,26,72,108,118,155,165,182,191,212,226],"based":[3],"on":[4,234],"the":[5,17,41,64,88,123,134,139,149,161,176,185,196,206,236],"6.8":[6],"million":[7],"cloud-to-ground(CG)":[8],"lightning":[9,18,33,52,106,197,210],"data":[10],"from":[11,112],"2006":[12,113],"to":[13,114,195],"2012":[14,115],"recorded":[15],"by":[16],"location":[19],"system(HBLDN:":[20],"Hubei":[21,55,144,216],"Lightning":[22],"Detection":[23],"Network)":[24],"which":[25],"composed":[27],"of":[28,36,43,51,66,79,90,103,143,148,169,179,209,223,240],"12":[29],"sensors.":[30],"annual":[32],"intensity,":[34],"variation":[35,181],"daily":[37],"and":[38,48,68,74,85,87,116,126,136,141,160,175,199,218,230,238],"monthly":[39],"lightning,":[40],"distribution":[42,102],"+CG":[44,150,170,224,241],"flashes":[45,71,81,93,130],"in":[46,54,83,94,110,122,138,215],"winter":[47,95,111],"cumulative":[49,200],"probability":[50,189],"current":[53],"province,":[56,217],"China":[57],"are":[58,82,96],"analyzed.":[59],"results":[61],"show":[62],"that":[63,168,203],"ratio":[65],"negative":[67],"+":[69,91,104,128],"CG":[70,92,105,129],"94.6%":[73],"5.4%,":[75],"respectively.":[76],"peaks":[78],"average":[80],"July":[84],"August,":[86],"percentage":[89,147,164],"higher":[97],"than":[98,157,167,184,205,220],"other":[99],"seasons.":[100],"intensity":[107,198,211],"different":[109],"there":[117],"no":[119],"apparent":[120],"regularity":[121],"evolution":[124],"characteristics,":[125],"strong":[127],"mainly":[131],"occurs":[132],"at":[133,152,172],"mountains":[135],"plains":[137],"southwest":[140],"northwest":[142],"province.":[145],"flash":[151,159,163,171,225],"0000\u20131200":[153],"LT":[154],"greater":[156,166,183],"\u2013CG":[158,162],"1300\u20132100":[173],"LT,":[174],"continuous":[177],"time":[178],"diurnal":[180],"-CG":[186],"flash.":[187],"A":[188],"equation":[190],"set":[192],"up":[193],"according":[194],"frequency,":[201],"found":[202],"less":[204],"60":[207],"kA":[208,222],"about":[213],"94%":[214],"more":[219],"100":[221],"showing":[227],"increasing":[228],"trend":[229],"should":[231],"be":[232],"focused":[233],"improving":[235],"protection":[237],"forecasting":[239],"flashes.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2019-05-09T00:00:00"}