{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2943365101","doi":null,"title":"JUDGES AND RETIREMENT AGES","display_name":"JUDGES AND RETIREMENT AGES","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2943365101","mag":"2943365101"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:jupiter.its.unimelb.edu.au:11343/92465","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11343/92465","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196259","display_name":"Minerva Access (University of Melbourne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","host_organization_name":"The University of Melbourne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083944701","display_name":"Alysia Blackham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8149-4887","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8149-4887"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alysia Blackham","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8149-4887","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083944701"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.8275,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98280152,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"3","first_page":"738","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10802","display_name":"Judicial and Constitutional Studies","score":0.9477999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10802","display_name":"Judicial and Constitutional Studies","score":0.9477999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11631","display_name":"Retirement, Disability, and Employment","score":0.024299999698996544,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13075","display_name":"Legal Systems and Judicial Processes","score":0.01209999993443489,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/judicial-retirement-age","display_name":"judicial retirement age","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mandatory-retirement","display_name":"mandatory retirement","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/judicial-tenure","display_name":"judicial tenure","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-equality","display_name":"age equality","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demographic-change","display_name":"demographic change","score":0.8220000267028809}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17319257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21189184","display_name":"Statute","level":2,"score":0.689581036567688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.6290509700775146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776154427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7755","display_name":"Constitution","level":2,"score":0.5335529446601868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777288899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1413228","display_name":"Retirement age","level":3,"score":0.5121557712554932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993970742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q438946","display_name":"Age discrimination","level":2,"score":0.48420265316963196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4748383164405823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781462389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43109","display_name":"Referendum","level":3,"score":0.4731748402118683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4727661907672882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777826127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2578692","display_name":"Commonwealth","level":2,"score":0.4144928455352783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780899237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156223","display_name":"Pension","level":2,"score":0.10199496150016785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:jupiter.its.unimelb.edu.au:11343/92465","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11343/92465","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196259","display_name":"Minerva Access (University of Melbourne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","host_organization_name":"The University of Melbourne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2943365101","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://minerva-access.unimelb.edu.au/bitstream/handle/11343/92465/Blackham-393-Advance(3).pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96158581","display_name":"Melbourne University law review","issn_l":"0025-8938","issn":["0025-8938"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","jufo-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318045","host_organization_name":"University of Melbourne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318045"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Melbourne"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Melbourne University law review","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6207000017166138,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2294569150","https://openalex.org/W7001527602","https://openalex.org/W2613093345","https://openalex.org/W2116860272","https://openalex.org/W7029298852","https://openalex.org/W4206326919","https://openalex.org/W2943211727","https://openalex.org/W7112440508","https://openalex.org/W2904294367","https://openalex.org/W3036932014"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"All":[0],"Commonwealth,":[1],"state":[2],"and":[3,62,91],"territory":[4],"judges":[5],"in":[6,46],"Australia":[7],"are":[8,42,70],"subject":[9],"to":[10,58,73,104,119],"mandatory":[11],"retirement":[12,21,40,51,96,110],"ages.":[13,97,111],"While":[14],"the":[15,24,36,59,64,89,105,115],"1977":[16],"referendum,":[17],"which":[18],"introduced":[19],"judicial":[20,39,95,109,124],"ages":[22,41,52],"for":[23],"Australian":[25],"federal":[26],"judiciary,":[27],"commanded":[28],"broad":[29],"public":[30,60],"support,":[31],"this":[32],"article":[33,99],"argues":[34],"that":[35,114],"aims":[37],"of":[38,66,76,85,88,108],"no":[43],"longer":[44],"valid":[45],"a":[47,83],"modern":[48],"society.":[49],"Judicial":[50],"may":[53],"be":[54],"causing":[55],"undue":[56],"expense":[57],"purse":[61],"depriving":[63],"judiciary":[65],"skilled":[67],"adjudicators.":[68],"They":[69],"also":[71],"contrary":[72],"contemporary":[74],"notions":[75],"age":[77],"equality.":[78],"Therefore,":[79],"demographic":[80],"change":[81],"warrants":[82],"reconsideration":[84],"s":[86],"72":[87],"Constitution":[90],"other":[92],"statutes":[93],"setting":[94],"This":[98],"sets":[100],"out":[101],"three":[102],"alternatives":[103],"current":[106],"system":[107],"It":[112],"concludes":[113],"best":[116],"option":[117],"is":[118],"remove":[120],"age-based":[121],"limitations":[122],"on":[123],"tenure.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2019-05-09T00:00:00"}