{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2942648896","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13825585.2019.1608900","title":"The effect of age, educational level, gender and cognitive reserve on visuospatial working memory performance across adult life span","display_name":"The effect of age, educational level, gender and cognitive reserve on visuospatial working memory performance across adult life span","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2942648896","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13825585.2019.1608900","mag":"2942648896","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31046560"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/13825585.2019.1608900","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13825585.2019.1608900","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13825585.2019.1608900","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80542075","display_name":"Aging Neuropsychology and Cognition","issn_l":"0928-9917","issn":["0928-9917","1382-5585","1744-4128"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057021285","display_name":"Lisa Zarantonello","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7678-9074","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7678-9074"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lisa Zarantonello","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001792300","display_name":"Sami Schiff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1851-4299","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1851-4299"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sami Schiff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012973759","display_name":"Piero Amodio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2395-7599","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2395-7599"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Piero Amodio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051302697","display_name":"Patrizia Silvia Bisiacchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2760-8000","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2760-8000"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrizia Bisiacchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy","Padua Neuroscience Center, Padova, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Padua Neuroscience Center, Padova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057021285"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6176,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92363703,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"2","first_page":"302","last_page":"319"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13471","display_name":"Cognitive Functions and Memory","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11265","display_name":"Aging and Gerontology Research","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3206","display_name":"Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visuospatial-working-memory","display_name":"visuospatial working memory","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-reserve","display_name":"cognitive reserve","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-attainment","display_name":"educational attainment","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-related-cognitive-decline","display_name":"age-related cognitive decline","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences","display_name":"gender differences","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reaction-time","display_name":"reaction time","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/response-accuracy","display_name":"response accuracy","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/n-back-task","display_name":"n-back task","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leisure","display_name":"leisure","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work-activities","display_name":"work activities","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adult-lifespan","display_name":"adult lifespan","score":0.5059999823570251}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21963081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11337567","display_name":"Working memory","level":3,"score":0.7522152662277222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67739388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q579471","display_name":"Cognitive reserve","level":4,"score":0.5976088047027588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5797738432884216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5746507048606873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5710904598236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.5230739712715149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185711340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5347381","display_name":"Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance","level":3,"score":0.513032078742981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984863031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030","display_name":"Cognitive decline","level":4,"score":0.4917595684528351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.35043787956237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984915365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141203","display_name":"Cognitive impairment","level":3,"score":0.28574085235595703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.255890429019928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779483572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030","display_name":"Dementia","level":3,"score":0.06452634930610657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000066492","descriptor_name":"Cognitive Aging","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004522","descriptor_name":"Educational Status","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008570","descriptor_name":"Memory, Short-Term","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011930","descriptor_name":"Reaction Time","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012737","descriptor_name":"Sex Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058245","descriptor_name":"Cognitive Reserve","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D065852","descriptor_name":"Spatial Memory","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/13825585.2019.1608900","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13825585.2019.1608900","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13825585.2019.1608900","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80542075","display_name":"Aging Neuropsychology and Cognition","issn_l":"0928-9917","issn":["0928-9917","1382-5585","1744-4128"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31046560","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31046560","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.research.unipd.it:11577/3300340","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3300340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402547","display_name":"Padua Research Archive (University of Padova)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","host_organization_name":"University of Padua","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.research.unipd.it:11577/3321387","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/13825585.asp","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402547","display_name":"Padua Research Archive (University of Padova)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","host_organization_name":"University of Padua","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":81,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W70948400","https://openalex.org/W71336729","https://openalex.org/W319746435","https://openalex.org/W572581303","https://openalex.org/W1415262839","https://openalex.org/W1522648460","https://openalex.org/W1551863666","https://openalex.org/W1847168837","https://openalex.org/W1951724000","https://openalex.org/W1957460466","https://openalex.org/W1969984092","https://openalex.org/W1974230445","https://openalex.org/W1977523725","https://openalex.org/W1978119032","https://openalex.org/W1981060678","https://openalex.org/W1983542891","https://openalex.org/W1983679542","https://openalex.org/W1984090792","https://openalex.org/W1987464952","https://openalex.org/W1989609569","https://openalex.org/W1990612765","https://openalex.org/W1991527823","https://openalex.org/W1998664032","https://openalex.org/W2001797031","https://openalex.org/W2008679344","https://openalex.org/W2009301825","https://openalex.org/W2011937112","https://openalex.org/W2016580519","https://openalex.org/W2020630435","https://openalex.org/W2026145425","https://openalex.org/W2027602865","https://openalex.org/W2029901536","https://openalex.org/W2037130083","https://openalex.org/W2042493203","https://openalex.org/W2042974739","https://openalex.org/W2059644333","https://openalex.org/W2066443853","https://openalex.org/W2081016707","https://openalex.org/W2081970077","https://openalex.org/W2084022332","https://openalex.org/W2087599214","https://openalex.org/W2089182319","https://openalex.org/W2092770659","https://openalex.org/W2096305259","https://openalex.org/W2097508012","https://openalex.org/W2100987463","https://openalex.org/W2103860290","https://openalex.org/W2104281515","https://openalex.org/W2105380054","https://openalex.org/W2107233089","https://openalex.org/W2107431748","https://openalex.org/W2108050527","https://openalex.org/W2108716982","https://openalex.org/W2117654639","https://openalex.org/W2118792268","https://openalex.org/W2122311608","https://openalex.org/W2124360007","https://openalex.org/W2125001590","https://openalex.org/W2129133444","https://openalex.org/W2132236475","https://openalex.org/W2140502052","https://openalex.org/W2140912098","https://openalex.org/W2144548787","https://openalex.org/W2145336227","https://openalex.org/W2145980708","https://openalex.org/W2147814766","https://openalex.org/W2150602054","https://openalex.org/W2151179877","https://openalex.org/W2154199866","https://openalex.org/W2159267296","https://openalex.org/W2164829863","https://openalex.org/W2170924994","https://openalex.org/W2171776652","https://openalex.org/W2189954694","https://openalex.org/W2254509181","https://openalex.org/W2408786979","https://openalex.org/W2492223050","https://openalex.org/W2521090631","https://openalex.org/W2582743722","https://openalex.org/W4251404648","https://openalex.org/W4388478734"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2883444457","https://openalex.org/W2787721938","https://openalex.org/W2124367434","https://openalex.org/W2785362484","https://openalex.org/W1990612765","https://openalex.org/W2795133115","https://openalex.org/W7163204608","https://openalex.org/W2345653815","https://openalex.org/W2374995318","https://openalex.org/W2067381686"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Working":[0],"memory":[1],"(WM)":[2],"is":[3],"a":[4,112,122,145],"limited":[5],"capacity":[6],"cognitive":[7,27,167],"system":[8],"that":[9,81,90,147],"temporarily":[10],"holds":[11],"information":[12],"for":[13],"processing.":[14],"In":[15,132],"the":[16,21,74,86,138,142],"present":[17],"study,":[18],"we":[19],"tested":[20],"effect":[22,114,124,129],"of":[23,31,61,156],"age,":[24,160],"gender":[25],"and":[26,35,50,69,106,117,140,159,164],"reserve":[28,120,168],"in":[29,79,88,104,109,144,182],"terms":[30],"educational":[32],"level,":[33],"working":[34],"leisure":[36],"time":[37],"activities":[38],"on":[39,115,125,130],"an":[40,55,165],"active":[41,149],"visuospatial":[42],"WM":[43,62,157],"task.":[44],"One-hundred":[45],"thirty-four":[46],"participants":[47,80,89],"between":[48],"20":[49],"80":[51],"years":[52,84,93,103,108],"old":[53],"performed":[54],"n-back":[56],"task":[57,146],"with":[58,72],"different":[59],"degree":[60,163,176],"demanding.":[63],"Reaction":[64],"times":[65],"(RTs)":[66],"became":[67],"slower":[68],"accuracy":[70,105,116,126,143],"decreased":[71],"age;":[73],"former":[75],"started":[76],"to":[77],"decline":[78,135],"were":[82,91,96],"35":[83],"old,":[85],"latter":[87],"57":[92],"old.":[94],"Males":[95],"faster":[97,154],"than":[98],"females.":[99],"Educational":[100],"level":[101],"(10":[102],"15":[107],"RTs)":[110],"showed":[111],"positive":[113,123],"RTs.":[118,131],"Cognitive":[119],"had":[121],"but":[127,180],"no":[128],"conclusion,":[133],"age-related":[134],"influenced":[136],"earlier":[137],"speed":[139],"later":[141],"required":[148],"processes.":[150],"While":[151],"male":[152],"was":[153],"independently":[155],"demanding":[158,184],"middle":[161],"school":[162,175],"average":[166],"prevent":[169],"errors":[170],"during":[171],"performance.":[172],"Coherently,":[173],"high":[174],"prevents":[177],"slowing":[178],"down":[179],"only":[181],"low":[183],"condition.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2019-05-09T00:00:00"}
