{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2941652913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1289/isesisee.2018.o01.02.07","title":"Long-Term Exposure to Air Pollution and the Incidence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Asthma: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Ontario, Canada","display_name":"Long-Term Exposure to Air Pollution and the Incidence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Asthma: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Ontario, Canada","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2941652913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1289/isesisee.2018.o01.02.07","mag":"2941652913"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1289/isesisee.2018.o01.02.07","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1289/isesisee.2018.o01.02.07","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1289/isesisee.2018.o01.02.07","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195765","display_name":"ISEE Conference Abstracts","issn_l":"1078-0475","issn":["1078-0475","2169-2181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319799","host_organization_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319799","https://openalex.org/P4310316754"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","National Institutes of Health"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISEE Conference Abstracts","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-abstract","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076482584","display_name":"Li Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7169-1334","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7169-1334"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147079","display_name":"Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05p6rhy72","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147079"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,  E-mail Address: [email\u00a0protected]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,  E-mail Address: [email\u00a0protected]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064862112","display_name":"Saeha Shin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7564-6963","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7564-6963"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125326","display_name":"Public Health Ontario","ror":"https://ror.org/025z8ah66","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125326"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saeha Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,  E-mail Address: [email\u00a0protected]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,  E-mail Address: [email\u00a0protected]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125326"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110292192","display_name":"Rick T. Burnett","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288894424","display_name":"Health Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/05p8nb362","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288894424"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rick Burnett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada,  E-mail Address: [email\u00a0protected]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada,  E-mail Address: [email\u00a0protected]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288894424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078064190","display_name":"Jeffrey C. Kwong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7820-2046","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7820-2046","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9748-2234"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147079","display_name":"Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05p6rhy72","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147079"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey C. Kwong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,  E-mail Address: [email\u00a0protected]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,  E-mail Address: [email\u00a0protected]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089845975","display_name":"Perry Hystad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9454-4986","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9454-4986"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Perry Hystad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States,  E-mail Address: [email\u00a0protected]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States,  E-mail Address: [email\u00a0protected]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078905259","display_name":"Aaron van Donkelaar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2998-8521","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2998-8521","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2632-8402"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129902397","display_name":"Dalhousie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e6qks80","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aaron van Donkelaar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada,  E-mail Address: [email\u00a0protected]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada,  E-mail Address: [email\u00a0protected]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010423523","display_name":"Mark S. Goldberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5256-4508","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5256-4508"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark S. Goldberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,  E-mail Address: [email\u00a0protected]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,  E-mail Address: [email\u00a0protected]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003708086","display_name":"\u00c9ric Lavigne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6146-9839","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6146-9839","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4971-8625"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288894424","display_name":"Health Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/05p8nb362","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288894424"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Lavigne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada,  E-mail Address: [email\u00a0protected]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada,  E-mail Address: [email\u00a0protected]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288894424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009705170","display_name":"Scott Weichenthal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9634-5323","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9634-5323"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288894424","display_name":"Health Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/05p8nb362","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288894424"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott Weichenthal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada,  E-mail Address: [email\u00a0protected]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada,  E-mail Address: [email\u00a0protected]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288894424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052278966","display_name":"Ray Copes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125326","display_name":"Public Health Ontario","ror":"https://ror.org/025z8ah66","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125326"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ray Copes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,  E-mail Address: [email\u00a0protected]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,  E-mail Address: [email\u00a0protected]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125326"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048852015","display_name":"Randall V. Martin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2632-8402","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2632-8402"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129902397","display_name":"Dalhousie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e6qks80","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Randall Martin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada,  E-mail Address: [email\u00a0protected]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada,  E-mail Address: [email\u00a0protected]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065133047","display_name":"Alexander Kopp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8787-0401","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8787-0401"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147079","display_name":"Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05p6rhy72","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147079"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Kopp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,  E-mail Address: [email\u00a0protected]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,  E-mail Address: [email\u00a0protected]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100420456","display_name":"Hong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0353-3622","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0353-3622"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125326","display_name":"Public Health Ontario","ror":"https://ror.org/025z8ah66","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125326"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,  E-mail Address: [email\u00a0protected]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,  E-mail Address: [email\u00a0protected]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125326"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2018","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10143","display_name":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10051","display_name":"Asthma and respiratory diseases","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-pollution","display_name":"air pollution","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease","display_name":"chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asthma","display_name":"asthma","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pm2-5","display_name":"PM2.5","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-dioxide","display_name":"nitrogen dioxide","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ozone","display_name":"ozone","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concentration-response-relationship","display_name":"concentration-dependent effects","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-deprivation","display_name":"socioeconomic deprivation","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-disease-incidence","display_name":"respiratory disease incidence","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontario","display_name":"Ontario","score":0.48399999737739563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776780178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199804","display_name":"COPD","level":2,"score":0.8687160015106201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776042228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35869","display_name":"Asthma","level":2,"score":0.778359055519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7689399719238281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119060515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1916617","display_name":"Interquartile range","level":2,"score":0.7493491768836975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777014857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383410","display_name":"Exacerbation","level":2,"score":0.610551655292511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.6024597883224487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5309302806854248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.46628639101982117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.4466868042945862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776178081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3286546","display_name":"Respiratory disease","level":3,"score":0.43815967440605164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4346033036708832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C559116025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131123","display_name":"Air pollution","level":2,"score":0.43262091279029846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50382708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223218","display_name":"Proportional hazards model","level":2,"score":0.4311820864677429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777104659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3508797","display_name":"Obstructive lung disease","level":3,"score":0.42728936672210693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2883298993110657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777714996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886","display_name":"Lung","level":2,"score":0.21392691135406494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.061580777168273926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1289/isesisee.2018.o01.02.07","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1289/isesisee.2018.o01.02.07","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1289/isesisee.2018.o01.02.07","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195765","display_name":"ISEE Conference Abstracts","issn_l":"1078-0475","issn":["1078-0475","2169-2181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319799","host_organization_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319799","https://openalex.org/P4310316754"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","National Institutes of Health"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISEE Conference Abstracts","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9940000176429749,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3096767555","https://openalex.org/W4312423062","https://openalex.org/W3166192737","https://openalex.org/W4413548800","https://openalex.org/W4387970613","https://openalex.org/W4387979238","https://openalex.org/W4390994008","https://openalex.org/W4411259062","https://openalex.org/W2150714033","https://openalex.org/W2296376602"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background.Air":[0],"pollution":[1,23,221,265],"affects":[2],"respiratory":[3],"health,":[4],"particularly":[5],"children's":[6],"lung":[7],"development":[8,27],"and":[9,30,39,64,88,97,114,129,135,170,175,201,240,249],"exacerbation":[10],"of":[11,20,28,43,55,66,81,112,151,167,182,193,210],"chronic":[12],"obstructive":[13],"pulmonary":[14],"disease":[15],"(COPD).":[16],"As":[17],"the":[18,26,41,109,152,191,236,253],"role":[19],"low":[21],"air":[22,127,220,264],"levels":[24],"in":[25,47,190,228],"COPD":[29,69,174,194,241,259,270],"adult-onset":[31],"asthma":[32,67],"remains":[33],"uncertain,":[34],"we":[35,76],"examined":[36,156],"their":[37],"associations":[38,125],"characterized":[40],"shapes":[42],"concentration-response":[44],"(CR)":[45],"relationships":[46,257],"Ontario,":[48],"Canada.Methods.We":[49],"conducted":[50,140],"a":[51,187],"population-based":[52],"cohort":[53],"study":[54],"~5.1":[56],"million":[57],"adults,":[58],"who":[59],"were":[60,203,226],"aged":[61],"\u226535":[62],"years":[63],"free":[65],"or":[68],"at":[70,101],"baseline.":[71],"From":[72],"2001":[73],"to":[74,123,222,252,263],"2015,":[75],"estimated":[77],"3-year":[78],"average":[79,111],"exposures":[80],"fine":[82],"particles":[83],"(PM2.5),":[84],"nitrogen":[85],"dioxide":[86],"(NO2),":[87],"ozone":[89],"(O3)":[90],"from":[91],"satellite-derived":[92],"data,":[93],"land-use":[94],"regression":[95],"models,":[96],"fusion-based":[98],"methods,":[99],"respectively,":[100],"residential":[102],"postal":[103],"codes.":[104],"Oxidant":[105],"capacity":[106],"(Ox)":[107],"was":[108,155,184,266],"redox-weighted":[110],"NO2":[113],"O3":[115,248],"(Ox).":[116],"We":[117,138,212],"used":[118],"Cox":[119],"proportional":[120],"hazards":[121],"models":[122,162],"estimate":[124],"between":[126,238],"pollutants":[128],"outcomes,":[130],"while":[131],"controlling":[132],"for":[133,147,234,258],"individual":[134],"contextual":[136],"covariates.":[137],"also":[139],"sensitivity":[141,230],"analyses,":[142],"such":[143],"as":[144],"further":[145],"adjusting":[146,233],"deprivation.":[148],"The":[149,255],"shape":[150],"CR":[153,256],"relationship":[154],"using":[157],"newly":[158],"developed":[159,173],"non-linear":[160],"risk":[161,209],"based":[163],"on":[164],"optimal":[165],"transformation":[166],"exposure":[168],"concentrations.Results.340,733":[169],"218,005":[171],"individuals":[172],"asthma,":[176],"respectively.":[177],"Each":[178],"interquartile":[179],"range":[180],"increase":[181,189],"PM2.5":[183,239],"associated":[185,205,267],"with":[186,206,268,274],"7%":[188],"incidence":[192],"(95%":[195],"CI:":[196],"1.06-1.08).":[197],"Similarly,":[198],"NO2,":[199],"O3,":[200],"Ox":[202,250],"significantly":[204],"3-4%":[207],"increased":[208,269],"COPD.":[211],"did":[213],"not":[214,273],"detect":[215],"any":[216],"strong":[217],"evidence":[218],"linking":[219],"asthma.":[223,275],"Similar":[224],"results":[225],"observed":[227],"most":[229],"analyses.":[231],"When":[232],"deprivation,":[235],"association":[237],"attenuated":[242,251],"slightly":[243],"(HR":[244],"1.04;":[245],"1.03-1.05),":[246],"whereas":[247],"null.":[254],"showed":[260],"sublinear":[261],"associations.Conclusions.Exposure":[262],"incidence,":[271],"but":[272]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2019-05-03T00:00:00"}
