{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2941428873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/f10050372","title":"Factors Affecting Long-Term Trends in Global NDVI","display_name":"Factors Affecting Long-Term Trends in Global NDVI","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2941428873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/f10050372","mag":"2941428873"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/f10050372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/f10050372","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10050372","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/10/5/372/pdf?version=1557137168","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S71324801","display_name":"Forests","issn_l":"1999-4907","issn":["1999-4907"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Forests","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/10/5/372/pdf?version=1557137168","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008702674","display_name":"Yujie Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3530-4322","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3530-4322"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154893126","display_name":"Guizhou Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02x1pa065","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154893126"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135735","display_name":"Institute of Geochemistry","ror":"https://ror.org/049d6bh38","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210135735"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768259","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry","ror":"https://ror.org/04gq84p09","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210135735","https://openalex.org/I4391768259"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yujie Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Puding Karst Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Puding 562100, China","School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550081, China","State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Lincheng West Road, Guiyang 550081, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3530-4322","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Puding Karst Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Puding 562100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154893126"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Lincheng West Road, Guiyang 550081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210135735","https://openalex.org/I4391768259"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100374849","display_name":"Shijie Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8955-6732","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8955-6732"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135735","display_name":"Institute of Geochemistry","ror":"https://ror.org/049d6bh38","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210135735"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768259","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry","ror":"https://ror.org/04gq84p09","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210135735","https://openalex.org/I4391768259"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shijie Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Puding Karst Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Puding 562100, China","State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Lincheng West Road, Guiyang 550081, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Puding Karst Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Puding 562100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Lincheng West Road, Guiyang 550081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210135735","https://openalex.org/I4391768259"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083113681","display_name":"Xiaoyong Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9705-5574","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9705-5574","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5035-6676"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135735","display_name":"Institute of Geochemistry","ror":"https://ror.org/049d6bh38","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210135735"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768259","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry","ror":"https://ror.org/04gq84p09","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210135735","https://openalex.org/I4391768259"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyong Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Puding Karst Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Puding 562100, China","State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Lincheng West Road, Guiyang 550081, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9705-5574","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Puding Karst Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Puding 562100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Lincheng West Road, Guiyang 550081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210135735","https://openalex.org/I4391768259"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022634709","display_name":"Qiu Tan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154893126","display_name":"Guizhou Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02x1pa065","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154893126"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiu Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550081, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154893126"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100438931","display_name":"Qin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0840-4248","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0840-4248"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135735","display_name":"Institute of Geochemistry","ror":"https://ror.org/049d6bh38","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210135735"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768259","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry","ror":"https://ror.org/04gq84p09","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210135735","https://openalex.org/I4391768259"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Puding Karst Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Puding 562100, China","State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Lincheng West Road, Guiyang 550081, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Puding Karst Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Puding 562100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Lincheng West Road, Guiyang 550081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210135735","https://openalex.org/I4391768259"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112485268","display_name":"Luhua Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0732-2399","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0732-2399"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135735","display_name":"Institute of Geochemistry","ror":"https://ror.org/049d6bh38","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210135735"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768259","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry","ror":"https://ror.org/04gq84p09","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210135735","https://openalex.org/I4391768259"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luhua Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Puding Karst Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Puding 562100, China","State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Lincheng West Road, Guiyang 550081, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Puding Karst Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Puding 562100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Lincheng West Road, Guiyang 550081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210135735","https://openalex.org/I4391768259"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021182052","display_name":"Shiqi Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9872-483X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9872-483X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154893126","display_name":"Guizhou Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02x1pa065","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154893126"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135735","display_name":"Institute of Geochemistry","ror":"https://ror.org/049d6bh38","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210135735"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768259","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry","ror":"https://ror.org/04gq84p09","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210135735","https://openalex.org/I4391768259"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiqi Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550081, China","State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Lincheng West Road, Guiyang 550081, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154893126"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Lincheng West Road, Guiyang 550081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210135735","https://openalex.org/I4391768259"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101075959","display_name":"Zeyin Hu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135735","display_name":"Institute of Geochemistry","ror":"https://ror.org/049d6bh38","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210135735"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768259","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry","ror":"https://ror.org/04gq84p09","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210135735","https://openalex.org/I4391768259"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeyin Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Puding Karst Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Puding 562100, China","State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Lincheng West Road, Guiyang 550081, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Puding Karst Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Puding 562100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Lincheng West Road, Guiyang 550081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210135735","https://openalex.org/I4391768259"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101543926","display_name":"Chaojun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9326-9743","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9326-9743"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154893126","display_name":"Guizhou Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02x1pa065","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154893126"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135735","display_name":"Institute of Geochemistry","ror":"https://ror.org/049d6bh38","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210135735"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768259","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry","ror":"https://ror.org/04gq84p09","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210135735","https://openalex.org/I4391768259"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaojun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550081, China","State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Lincheng West Road, Guiyang 550081, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154893126"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Lincheng West Road, Guiyang 550081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210135735","https://openalex.org/I4391768259"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070506670","display_name":"Yuanhong Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7460-2571","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7460-2571"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135735","display_name":"Institute of Geochemistry","ror":"https://ror.org/049d6bh38","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210135735"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768259","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry","ror":"https://ror.org/04gq84p09","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210135735","https://openalex.org/I4391768259"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanhong Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Puding Karst Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Puding 562100, China","State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Lincheng West Road, Guiyang 550081, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Puding Karst Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Puding 562100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Lincheng West Road, Guiyang 550081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210135735","https://openalex.org/I4391768259"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083113681"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210135735","https://openalex.org/I4391768259"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1824},"apc_paid":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1824},"fwci":6.467,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":145,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97222092,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"5","first_page":"372","last_page":"372"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13377","display_name":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ndvi-trends","display_name":"NDVI trends","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-greening","display_name":"global greening","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation-browning","display_name":"vegetation browning","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-drivers-of-vegetation","display_name":"climate drivers of vegetation","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rainfall-effects-on-vegetation","display_name":"rainfall effects on vegetation","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-effects-on-vegetation","display_name":"temperature effects on vegetation","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover-change","display_name":"land cover change","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-pressure","display_name":"population pressure","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevation","display_name":"altitude","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nighttime-lights","display_name":"nighttime lights","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mann-kendall-test","display_name":"Mann-Kendall test","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boosted-regression-trees","display_name":"boosted regression trees","score":0.8980000019073486}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1549246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718775","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","level":3,"score":0.7915828227996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.6724839806556702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150772632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1330709","display_name":"Arid","level":2,"score":0.6552351713180542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.6191578507423401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5953153967857361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778354632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5604190","display_name":"Greening","level":2,"score":0.5423480272293091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122523270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34027","display_name":"Latitude","level":2,"score":0.5069265961647034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127142870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7838279","display_name":"Trend analysis","level":2,"score":0.48051321506500244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.4673821032047272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.4653545022010803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.43292921781539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.43211042881011963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.40750426054000854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.34304079413414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.20372870564460754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.08683454990386963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/f10050372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/f10050372","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10050372","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/10/5/372/pdf?version=1557137168","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S71324801","display_name":"Forests","issn_l":"1999-4907","issn":["1999-4907"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Forests","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b888ac9ab875444fb6be7a8f26767e79","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b888ac9ab875444fb6be7a8f26767e79","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Forests, Vol 10, Iss 5, p 372 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/f10050372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/f10050372","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10050372","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/10/5/372/pdf?version=1557137168","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S71324801","display_name":"Forests","issn_l":"1999-4907","issn":["1999-4907"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Forests","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.9786999821662903,"display_name":"Climate action"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.8518999814987183,"display_name":"Life on land"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334015","display_name":"Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Karst Science Research Center of Guizhou Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338201","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Science and Technology Service Network Planning","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2941428873.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2941428873.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1508729785","https://openalex.org/W1668895673","https://openalex.org/W1974737477","https://openalex.org/W1981028777","https://openalex.org/W1982338803","https://openalex.org/W1988671804","https://openalex.org/W1989994082","https://openalex.org/W2015435324","https://openalex.org/W2018764772","https://openalex.org/W2035713900","https://openalex.org/W2048508856","https://openalex.org/W2057387551","https://openalex.org/W2060372990","https://openalex.org/W2075639053","https://openalex.org/W2094578251","https://openalex.org/W2100177426","https://openalex.org/W2115241128","https://openalex.org/W2117490284","https://openalex.org/W2132874271","https://openalex.org/W2135695572","https://openalex.org/W2140616663","https://openalex.org/W2144354331","https://openalex.org/W2144423540","https://openalex.org/W2151454884","https://openalex.org/W2155658053","https://openalex.org/W2310664382","https://openalex.org/W2336426693","https://openalex.org/W2338980885","https://openalex.org/W2339609872","https://openalex.org/W2384999112","https://openalex.org/W2468878309","https://openalex.org/W2576433186","https://openalex.org/W2580000994","https://openalex.org/W2594810507","https://openalex.org/W2597952281","https://openalex.org/W2782084880","https://openalex.org/W2802428558","https://openalex.org/W2803389660","https://openalex.org/W2808569364","https://openalex.org/W2810881284","https://openalex.org/W2883589415","https://openalex.org/W2885696803","https://openalex.org/W2891322019","https://openalex.org/W2906261428","https://openalex.org/W2912077313","https://openalex.org/W3024228098","https://openalex.org/W3150014368","https://openalex.org/W4234044418","https://openalex.org/W6752932177"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2160425600","https://openalex.org/W4280605228","https://openalex.org/W2115241128","https://openalex.org/W2803389660","https://openalex.org/W2900033093","https://openalex.org/W3197994059","https://openalex.org/W2134136604","https://openalex.org/W3092293002","https://openalex.org/W4285134759","https://openalex.org/W4281742859"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Diagnosing":[0],"the":[1,21,41,49,59,77,85,100,110,136,163,189],"evolution":[2,142],"trends":[3,27],"of":[4,25,51,76,109,162],"vegetation":[5,44,52,141],"and":[6,14,28,58,65,104,117,127,156,178],"its":[7,29],"drivers":[8,33],"is":[9,135],"necessary":[10],"for":[11,185],"ecological":[12],"conservation":[13],"restoration.":[15],"However,":[16],"it":[17],"remains":[18],"unclear":[19],"what":[20],"underlying":[22],"distribution":[23],"pattern":[24],"these":[26,118],"correlation":[30,63],"with":[31],"some":[32],"at":[34],"large":[35],"spatial-temporal":[36],"scales.":[37],"Here":[38],"we":[39],"use":[40],"normalized":[42],"difference":[43],"index":[45],"(NDVI)":[46],"to":[47,91],"quantify":[48],"activity":[50],"by":[53,145,168],"Theil\u2013Sen":[54],"median":[55],"trend":[56],"analysis":[57,64],"Mann\u2013Kendall":[60],"test,":[61],"Pearson":[62],"Boosted":[66],"regression":[67],"trees":[68],"(BRT)":[69],"model.":[70],"Results":[71],"show":[72],"that":[73,133],"about":[74,160],"34%":[75],"global":[78,111],"continent":[79,112,165],"area":[80],"has":[81],"experienced":[82],"greening":[83,95],"in":[84,99,121,171,192],"grid":[86],"annual":[87],"NDVI":[88],"from":[89],"1982":[90],"2015.":[92],"The":[93,180],"major":[94],"areas":[96,114,183],"were":[97,115,119,166],"observed":[98,120],"Sahel,":[101],"European,":[102],"India":[103],"south":[105],"China.":[106],"Only":[107],"10%":[108],"land":[113,148],"browning,":[116],"Canada,":[122],"South":[123],"America,":[124],"central":[125,176],"Africa":[126],"Central":[128],"Asia.":[129],"BRT":[130],"model":[131],"shows":[132],"rainfall":[134],"most":[137],"important":[138],"factor":[139],"affecting":[140],"(63.1%),":[143],"followed":[144],"temperature":[146],"(15%),":[147],"cover":[149],"change":[150],"(8.6%),":[151],"population":[152],"(6.5%),":[153],"elevation":[154],"(6.4%)":[155],"nightlight":[157],"(0.4%).":[158],"It\u2019s":[159],"21%":[161],"world\u2019s":[164],"affected":[167],"rainfall,":[169],"mainly":[170],"arid":[172],"regions":[173],"such":[174],"as":[175],"Asia":[177],"Australia.":[179],"main":[181],"temperature-affected":[182],"accounted":[184],"36%,":[186],"located":[187],"near":[188],"equator":[190],"or":[191],"high":[193],"latitudes.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2019-05-03T00:00:00"}
