{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2941268202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iceat.2018.8693931","title":"Hidden Curriculum and Character Building on Self-Motivation based on K-means Clustering","display_name":"Hidden Curriculum and Character Building on Self-Motivation based on K-means Clustering","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2941268202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iceat.2018.8693931","mag":"2941268202"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iceat.2018.8693931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iceat.2018.8693931","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iceat.2018.8693931","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 4th International Conference on Education and Technology (ICET)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060419034","display_name":"Imam Gunawan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3462-0729","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3462-0729"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102893293","display_name":"State University of Malang","ror":"https://ror.org/00ypgyy34","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102893293"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Imam Gunawan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Educational Administration, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Educational Administration, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102893293"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001598762","display_name":"Desi Eri Kusumaningrum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0921-2507","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0921-2507"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102893293","display_name":"State University of Malang","ror":"https://ror.org/00ypgyy34","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102893293"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Desi Eri Kusumaningrum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Educational Administration, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Educational Administration, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102893293"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013596821","display_name":"Teguh Triwiyanto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2768-8357","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2768-8357"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102893293","display_name":"State University of Malang","ror":"https://ror.org/00ypgyy34","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102893293"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teguh Triwiyanto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Educational Administration, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Educational Administration, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102893293"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027065953","display_name":"Wildan Zulkarnain","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102893293","display_name":"State University of Malang","ror":"https://ror.org/00ypgyy34","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102893293"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wildan Zulkarnain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Educational Administration, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Educational Administration, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102893293"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064505585","display_name":"Ahmad Nurabadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5665-0200","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5665-0200"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102893293","display_name":"State University of Malang","ror":"https://ror.org/00ypgyy34","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102893293"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad Nurabadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Educational Administration, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Educational Administration, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102893293"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035601841","display_name":"Muhammad Firman Aji Saputra","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102893293","display_name":"State University of Malang","ror":"https://ror.org/00ypgyy34","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102893293"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Firman Aji Sanutra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Elektrical Engineering, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Elektrical Engineering, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102893293"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035229290","display_name":"Nawaitus Shifatul Rosallina","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102893293","display_name":"State University of Malang","ror":"https://ror.org/00ypgyy34","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102893293"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nawaitus Shifatul Rosallina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of English, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of English, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102893293"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051416741","display_name":"Moh. Ainur Rofiq","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102893293","display_name":"State University of Malang","ror":"https://ror.org/00ypgyy34","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102893293"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moh. Ainur Rofiq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Accountancy, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Accountancy, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102893293"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063066387","display_name":"Fira Afiantari","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102893293","display_name":"State University of Malang","ror":"https://ror.org/00ypgyy34","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102893293"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fira Afiantari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Educational Administration, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Educational Administration, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102893293"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012678105","display_name":"Kurnia Putri Supriyanto","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102893293","display_name":"State University of Malang","ror":"https://ror.org/00ypgyy34","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102893293"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kurnia Putri Supriyanto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102893293"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036265137","display_name":"Endang Amaliana Fatma Yuantika","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102893293","display_name":"State University of Malang","ror":"https://ror.org/00ypgyy34","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102893293"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Endang Amaliana Fatma Yuantika","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102893293"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102893293"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":37.02,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99855929,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"32","last_page":"35"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14449","display_name":"Education and Character Development","score":0.9653000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14449","display_name":"Education and Character Development","score":0.9653000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13929","display_name":"Educational Outcomes and Influences","score":0.009399999864399433,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13529","display_name":"Education Systems and Policies","score":0.003000000026077032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-curriculum","display_name":"hidden curriculum","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character-building","display_name":"character building","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-motivation","display_name":"self-motivation","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-students","display_name":"university students","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-activists","display_name":"student activists","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-technology-in-learning","display_name":"information technology in learning","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-means-clustering","display_name":"K-means clustering","score":0.8309999704360962}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.7250480651855469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.692511796951294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6751309037208557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5257357358932495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4616715908050537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.413917601108551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.35907524824142456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3269254267215729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.25131741166114807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.1276756227016449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iceat.2018.8693931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iceat.2018.8693931","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iceat.2018.8693931","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 4th International Conference on Education and Technology (ICET)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.9235000014305115,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W177994846","https://openalex.org/W2006443407","https://openalex.org/W2013135429","https://openalex.org/W2029734541","https://openalex.org/W2059515884","https://openalex.org/W2085444965","https://openalex.org/W2134920874","https://openalex.org/W2145561180","https://openalex.org/W2147329325","https://openalex.org/W2164117960","https://openalex.org/W2184378642","https://openalex.org/W2229230974","https://openalex.org/W2262918092","https://openalex.org/W2418257115","https://openalex.org/W2595097791","https://openalex.org/W2788828894","https://openalex.org/W2809044843","https://openalex.org/W2914795080","https://openalex.org/W3202109918","https://openalex.org/W4242393994"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391930088","https://openalex.org/W7220463169","https://openalex.org/W2791906177","https://openalex.org/W3127716583","https://openalex.org/W919565168","https://openalex.org/W2996463064","https://openalex.org/W6960075450","https://openalex.org/W2765394140","https://openalex.org/W2368565358","https://openalex.org/W1482171553"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Who":[0],"is":[1,48,95,155,159],"the":[2,8,11,23,52,103,121,139],"controls":[3,7],"information,":[4],"he":[5],"can":[6],"world.":[9],"Therefore,":[10],"students":[12,67,143],"must":[13],"be":[14,39],"able":[15],"to":[16,41,49,113,152],"process":[17],"information":[18,29],"into":[19],"something":[20],"useful":[21],"for":[22],"learning":[24,32],"process.":[25],"The":[26,43,69,91,124],"use":[27],"of":[28,45,54,81,105,129],"technology":[30],"in":[31,65,141],"influences":[33],"hidden":[34,55,106,130],"curriculum":[35,56,107,131],"factors":[36],"that":[37],"will":[38],"given":[40],"students.":[42],"purpose":[44],"this":[46],"research":[47,92],"find":[50],"out":[51],"effect":[53],"(X1)":[57,108,132],"and":[58,84,109,133],"character":[59,110,134],"building":[60,111,135],"(X2)":[61,112,136],"variables":[62,137],"on":[63,138],"self-motivation":[64,114,140,153],"college":[66,142],"(Y).":[68,144],"samples":[70],"are":[71,118],"38":[72],"student":[73],"activists":[74],"joined":[75],"under":[76],"KSR":[77],"PMI":[78],"State":[79],"University":[80],"Malang":[82],"unit":[83],"were":[85],"taken":[86],"using":[87,120],"quota":[88],"random":[89],"sampling.":[90],"instrument":[93],"used":[94],"rating":[96],"scale":[97],"multiple":[98],"choice":[99],"questions.":[100],"To":[101],"determine":[102],"contribution":[104,146],"(Y),":[115],"clustering":[116],"techniques":[117],"conducted":[119],"K-means":[122],"algorithm.":[123],"result":[125],"shows":[126],"significant":[127],"effects":[128],"Effective":[145],"from":[147],"both":[148],"predictors":[149],"(X1and":[150],"X2)":[151],"(Y)":[154],"60.53%,":[156],"while":[157],"39.47%":[158],"influenced":[160],"by":[161],"other":[162],"factors.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2019-05-03T00:00:00"}