{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2939710496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/jop.2018.0136","title":"Rheological Properties, Dissolution Kinetics, and Ocular Pharmacokinetics of Loteprednol Etabonate (Submicron) Ophthalmic Gel 0.38%","display_name":"Rheological Properties, Dissolution Kinetics, and Ocular Pharmacokinetics of Loteprednol Etabonate (Submicron) Ophthalmic Gel 0.38%","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2939710496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/jop.2018.0136","mag":"2939710496","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30907685","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6588111"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1089/jop.2018.0136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/jop.2018.0136","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1089/jop.2018.0136","pdf_url":"https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/pdf/10.1089/jop.2018.0136","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192126995","display_name":"Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics","issn_l":"1080-7683","issn":["1080-7683","1557-7732","8756-3320"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320443","host_organization_name":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320443","https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/pdf/10.1089/jop.2018.0136","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107277934","display_name":"Megan E. Cavet","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405286002","display_name":"Bausch + Lomb (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00x8xpr13","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097125","https://openalex.org/I4210108068","https://openalex.org/I4405286002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Megan E. Cavet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Affairs, Bausch + Lomb, Rochester, New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Affairs, Bausch + Lomb, Rochester, New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405286002"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048754471","display_name":"Shellise Glogowski","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405286002","display_name":"Bausch + Lomb (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00x8xpr13","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097125","https://openalex.org/I4210108068","https://openalex.org/I4405286002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shellise Glogowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nonclinical Safety, R&amp;D, Bausch + Lomb, Rochester, New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nonclinical Safety, R&amp;D, Bausch + Lomb, Rochester, New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405286002"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005153007","display_name":"Ezra R. Lowe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405286002","display_name":"Bausch + Lomb (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00x8xpr13","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097125","https://openalex.org/I4210108068","https://openalex.org/I4405286002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ezra R. Lowe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Pharmacology, Bausch + Lomb, Bridgewater, New Jersey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Pharmacology, Bausch + Lomb, Bridgewater, New Jersey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405286002"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015134407","display_name":"Eric Phillips","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405286002","display_name":"Bausch + Lomb (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00x8xpr13","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097125","https://openalex.org/I4210108068","https://openalex.org/I4405286002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Phillips","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pharmaceutical R&amp;D, Bausch + Lomb, Rochester, New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pharmaceutical R&amp;D, Bausch + Lomb, Rochester, New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405286002"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5107277934"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405286002"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7728,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61371935,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"5","first_page":"291","last_page":"300"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10920","display_name":"Advanced Drug Delivery Systems","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10920","display_name":"Advanced Drug Delivery Systems","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10997","display_name":"Ocular Surface and Contact Lens","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10256","display_name":"Drug Solubulity and Delivery Systems","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loteprednol-etabonate","display_name":"loteprednol etabonate","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ophthalmic-gel","display_name":"ophthalmic gel","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rheological-properties","display_name":"rheological properties","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shear-thinning","display_name":"shear thinning","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dissolution-kinetics","display_name":"dissolution kinetics","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ocular-pharmacokinetics","display_name":"ocular pharmacokinetics","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aqueous-humor","display_name":"aqueous humor","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cornea","display_name":"cornea","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iris-ciliary-body","display_name":"iris-ciliary body","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corticosteroid-eye-drops","display_name":"corticosteroid eye drops","score":0.7289999723434448}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.7167962789535522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88380143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q416674","display_name":"Dissolution","level":2,"score":0.642604649066925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.6314451694488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112705442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q323936","display_name":"Pharmacokinetics","level":2,"score":0.5900765061378479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200990466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271707","display_name":"Rheology","level":2,"score":0.43893128633499146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181389837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461809","display_name":"Bioavailability","level":2,"score":0.4216425120830536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.2590247690677643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.13167595863342285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1027575433254242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069559","descriptor_name":"Loteprednol Etabonate","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069559","descriptor_name":"Loteprednol Etabonate","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003315","descriptor_name":"Cornea","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005782","descriptor_name":"Gels","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005782","descriptor_name":"Gels","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007700","descriptor_name":"Kinetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009883","descriptor_name":"Ophthalmic Solutions","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009883","descriptor_name":"Ophthalmic Solutions","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011817","descriptor_name":"Rabbits","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012212","descriptor_name":"Rheology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012995","descriptor_name":"Solubility","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014018","descriptor_name":"Tissue Distribution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1089/jop.2018.0136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/jop.2018.0136","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1089/jop.2018.0136","pdf_url":"https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/pdf/10.1089/jop.2018.0136","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192126995","display_name":"Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics","issn_l":"1080-7683","issn":["1080-7683","1557-7732","8756-3320"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320443","host_organization_name":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320443","https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6588111","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6588111","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Ocul Pharmacol Ther","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:30907685","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30907685","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1089/jop.2018.0136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/jop.2018.0136","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1089/jop.2018.0136","pdf_url":"https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/pdf/10.1089/jop.2018.0136","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192126995","display_name":"Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics","issn_l":"1080-7683","issn":["1080-7683","1557-7732","8756-3320"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320443","host_organization_name":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320443","https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9074000120162964}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328539","display_name":"Bausch Health","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2939710496.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2939710496.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W50178520","https://openalex.org/W129305155","https://openalex.org/W276174135","https://openalex.org/W1586257188","https://openalex.org/W1599413486","https://openalex.org/W1967941986","https://openalex.org/W1969157320","https://openalex.org/W1973956125","https://openalex.org/W1980498795","https://openalex.org/W1981861563","https://openalex.org/W1988584888","https://openalex.org/W1996547727","https://openalex.org/W1997277597","https://openalex.org/W1998914714","https://openalex.org/W2000078064","https://openalex.org/W2008337001","https://openalex.org/W2009483111","https://openalex.org/W2009776888","https://openalex.org/W2013420340","https://openalex.org/W2018516156","https://openalex.org/W2022374550","https://openalex.org/W2041880863","https://openalex.org/W2065374943","https://openalex.org/W2066921262","https://openalex.org/W2068967648","https://openalex.org/W2072399777","https://openalex.org/W2072432397","https://openalex.org/W2084243222","https://openalex.org/W2097421086","https://openalex.org/W2108216678","https://openalex.org/W2111066491","https://openalex.org/W2140034063","https://openalex.org/W2150406141","https://openalex.org/W2157893064","https://openalex.org/W2162143454","https://openalex.org/W2163991780","https://openalex.org/W2300958535","https://openalex.org/W2301818297","https://openalex.org/W2397411247","https://openalex.org/W2407330908","https://openalex.org/W2547713674","https://openalex.org/W2552166285","https://openalex.org/W2587951718","https://openalex.org/W2625720493","https://openalex.org/W2793346876","https://openalex.org/W2892309510","https://openalex.org/W4233315181"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W750717717","https://openalex.org/W2992660458","https://openalex.org/W1586257188","https://openalex.org/W2000078064","https://openalex.org/W1973956125","https://openalex.org/W4387935977","https://openalex.org/W925379245","https://openalex.org/W1965551680","https://openalex.org/W1981861563","https://openalex.org/W1014711651"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Purpose:":[1],"To":[2],"evaluate":[3],"rheological":[4,205],"properties,":[5],"in":[6,10,42,64,131,150,167,222,233,241],"vitro":[7],"dissolution,":[8,214],"and":[9,45,60,91,136,160,172,227],"vivo":[11],"ocular":[12,65,231],"pharmacokinetics":[13],"of":[14,25,53,62,142,239],"loteprednol":[15],"etabonate":[16],"(LE)":[17],"(submicron)":[18,55,95,112,178,200],"ophthalmic":[19],"gel":[20,28,56,85,96,104,113,126,148,179,184,201,210],"0.38%.":[21],"Methods:":[22],"The":[23],"viscosity":[24],"the":[26,120,132,151,157,223,242],"LE":[27,54,63,84,94,103,111,118,125,138,144,147,166,177,183,199,209,220],"0.38%":[29,57,97,114,149,180,202],"formulation":[30],"was":[31],"measured":[32],"with":[33,75,106],"a":[34,43,50,236],"controlled":[35],"stress":[36],"rheometer.":[37],"Dissolution":[38],"kinetics":[39],"were":[40,67,170,192],"evaluated":[41],"fixed-volume":[44,133],"flow-through":[46,152],"assay.":[47,154],"Rabbits":[48],"received":[49],"single":[51],"instillation":[52],"(both":[58,186],"eyes),":[59],"concentrations":[61,141,221],"tissues":[66],"determined":[68],"through":[69],"24":[70,163],"h":[71,164],"by":[72],"liquid":[73],"chromatography":[74],"tandem":[76],"mass":[77],"spectrometry.":[78],"Where":[79],"indicated,":[80],"comparators":[81],"included":[82],"micronized":[83,124,146,182,208],"0.38%,":[86],"0.5%":[87,105,127,185,211],"(Lotemax":[88],"\u00ae":[89],"gel),":[90],"0.75%.":[92],"Results:":[93],"exhibited":[98],"shear-thinning":[99],"characteristics":[100],"similar":[101,193,204,217],"to":[102,207],"nearly":[107],"identical":[108],"yield":[109],"stress.":[110],"released":[115],"2.6-fold":[116],"more":[117],"into":[119],"dissolution":[121,134,153],"medium":[122],"than":[123,145],"over":[128,162],"30":[129],"s":[130],"assay,":[135],"submicron":[137],"attained":[139],"higher":[140,219],"dissolved":[143],"In":[155],"rabbits,":[156],"maximal":[158],"concentration":[159,238],"area-under-the-curve":[161],"for":[165,176,194],"aqueous":[168,224],"humor":[169],"2.5-":[171],"1.8-fold":[173],"higher,":[174],"respectively,":[175],"versus":[181],"P":[187],"<":[188],"0.001).":[189],"Pharmacokinetic":[190],"parameters":[191],"most":[195],"other":[196],"tissues.":[197],"Conclusions:":[198],"demonstrated":[203],"properties":[206],"but":[212],"faster":[213],"thus":[215],"providing":[216],"or":[218],"humor,":[225],"cornea,":[226],"iris-ciliary":[228],"body":[229],"after":[230],"dosing":[232],"rabbits":[234],"despite":[235],"lowered":[237],"drug":[240],"formulation.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2019-04-25T00:00:00"}
