{"id":"https://openalex.org/W293783971","doi":null,"title":"Optimal personalized treatment learning models with insurance applications","display_name":"Optimal personalized treatment learning models with insurance applications","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W293783971","mag":"293783971"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:www.tdx.cat:10803/289500","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10803/289500","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401111","display_name":"Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210090028","host_organization_name":"Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090028"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Leo Guelman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Leo Guelman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":0.9804999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":0.9804999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10136","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Inference","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12384","display_name":"Customer churn and segmentation","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-heterogeneity","display_name":"treatment effect heterogeneity","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insurance-marketing","display_name":"insurance marketing","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insurance-pricing","display_name":"insurance pricing","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/customer-retention","display_name":"customer retention","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-selling","display_name":"cross-selling","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/price-elasticity-estimation","display_name":"price elasticity estimation","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-boosting","display_name":"gradient boosting","score":0.9509999752044678}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.6529467105865479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6089674830436707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32220436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072214","display_name":"Personalized medicine","level":2,"score":0.603269636631012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158600405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054566","display_name":"Causal inference","level":2,"score":0.582118034362793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5286529660224915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.523292601108551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.4778682589530945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4383092224597931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.43740689754486084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.19940176606178284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.16254794597625732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.12917059659957886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12526309490203857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:www.tdx.cat:10803/289500","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10803/289500","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401111","display_name":"Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210090028","host_organization_name":"Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090028"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:diposit.ub.edu:2445/65123","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2445/65123","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401653","display_name":"Dip\u00f2sit Digital de la Universitat de Barcelona (Universitat de Barcelona)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71999127","host_organization_name":"Universitat de Barcelona","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71999127"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Tesis Doctorals - Departament - Econometria, Estad\u00edstica i Economia Espanyola","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dnet:tdr_________::bb7aa0e54467fb1d16435687258fd1a9","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10803/289500","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402641","display_name":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4383465926","host_organization_name":"LA Referencia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},{"id":"mag:293783971","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://diposit.ub.edu/dspace/bitstream/2445/65123/1/Leo%20Guelman_PhD_THESIS.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306531624","display_name":"TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa)","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3140167865","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/tesis?codigo=98785","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401293","display_name":"Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I168974976","host_organization_name":"Universidad de La Rioja","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168974976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.504800021648407,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":150,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28038548","https://openalex.org/W30853191","https://openalex.org/W145450961","https://openalex.org/W162576350","https://openalex.org/W187340461","https://openalex.org/W253646976","https://openalex.org/W359283280","https://openalex.org/W630447700","https://openalex.org/W1480376833","https://openalex.org/W1506399260","https://openalex.org/W1513618424","https://openalex.org/W1516659296","https://openalex.org/W1528905581","https://openalex.org/W1546472494","https://openalex.org/W1547147213","https://openalex.org/W1550093822","https://openalex.org/W1554663460","https://openalex.org/W1558918611","https://openalex.org/W1559582792","https://openalex.org/W1565720227","https://openalex.org/W1570649553","https://openalex.org/W1581266352","https://openalex.org/W1581707655","https://openalex.org/W1585814636","https://openalex.org/W1594031697","https://openalex.org/W1599871777","https://openalex.org/W1603952207","https://openalex.org/W1678356000","https://openalex.org/W1680392829","https://openalex.org/W1766594731","https://openalex.org/W1912982817","https://openalex.org/W1965555277","https://openalex.org/W1966021193","https://openalex.org/W1972910909","https://openalex.org/W1973683188","https://openalex.org/W1976459656","https://openalex.org/W1978108654","https://openalex.org/W1981886486","https://openalex.org/W1984213168","https://openalex.org/W1985663040","https://openalex.org/W1985787417","https://openalex.org/W1987809464","https://openalex.org/W1989377468","https://openalex.org/W1992842588","https://openalex.org/W1994797112","https://openalex.org/W1994857208","https://openalex.org/W1995544633","https://openalex.org/W1996826331","https://openalex.org/W1998320186","https://openalex.org/W1999011285","https://openalex.org/W2001143464","https://openalex.org/W2003409890","https://openalex.org/W2006109114","https://openalex.org/W2006204029","https://openalex.org/W2006681603","https://openalex.org/W2011269685","https://openalex.org/W2011485768","https://openalex.org/W2012290523","https://openalex.org/W2017337590","https://openalex.org/W2018746248","https://openalex.org/W2023639956","https://openalex.org/W2024046085","https://openalex.org/W2024571565","https://openalex.org/W2026219386","https://openalex.org/W2027795129","https://openalex.org/W2028040032","https://openalex.org/W2030614017","https://openalex.org/W2031009385","https://openalex.org/W2036385024","https://openalex.org/W2037389205","https://openalex.org/W2038768519","https://openalex.org/W2038939444","https://openalex.org/W2040615655","https://openalex.org/W2042206577","https://openalex.org/W2042675952","https://openalex.org/W2046033161","https://openalex.org/W2052806549","https://openalex.org/W2056393887","https://openalex.org/W2058248640","https://openalex.org/W2064790857","https://openalex.org/W2066061252","https://openalex.org/W2070181735","https://openalex.org/W2070493638","https://openalex.org/W2084341220","https://openalex.org/W2093717447","https://openalex.org/W2094824485","https://openalex.org/W2099111195","https://openalex.org/W2100176599","https://openalex.org/W2102361189","https://openalex.org/W2108764514","https://openalex.org/W2110065044","https://openalex.org/W2111078766","https://openalex.org/W2112076978","https://openalex.org/W2112440119","https://openalex.org/W2112688502","https://openalex.org/W2114968414","https://openalex.org/W2117812871","https://openalex.org/W2120013729","https://openalex.org/W2120084270","https://openalex.org/W2121495423","https://openalex.org/W2122111042","https://openalex.org/W2122168905","https://openalex.org/W2122771444","https://openalex.org/W2123998733","https://openalex.org/W2127314075","https://openalex.org/W2131809848","https://openalex.org/W2131850093","https://openalex.org/W2132917208","https://openalex.org/W2135046866","https://openalex.org/W2135445066","https://openalex.org/W2139529156","https://openalex.org/W2140435154","https://openalex.org/W2145878099","https://openalex.org/W2148290418","https://openalex.org/W2150291618","https://openalex.org/W2150533948","https://openalex.org/W2153450494","https://openalex.org/W2153476503","https://openalex.org/W2153646525","https://openalex.org/W2153841427","https://openalex.org/W2155920093","https://openalex.org/W2156909104","https://openalex.org/W2159029853","https://openalex.org/W2164985671","https://openalex.org/W2169801781","https://openalex.org/W2171029115","https://openalex.org/W2249217595","https://openalex.org/W2259745398","https://openalex.org/W2313134401","https://openalex.org/W2317320087","https://openalex.org/W2332331494","https://openalex.org/W2460230265","https://openalex.org/W2485717584","https://openalex.org/W2582743722","https://openalex.org/W2797583072","https://openalex.org/W2799061466","https://openalex.org/W2800802736","https://openalex.org/W2891753394","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2912934387","https://openalex.org/W3044087324","https://openalex.org/W3098795573","https://openalex.org/W3122542817","https://openalex.org/W3122843734","https://openalex.org/W3124374952","https://openalex.org/W3125173246","https://openalex.org/W3127611755","https://openalex.org/W3141721705","https://openalex.org/W3143800380","https://openalex.org/W4234184081"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995467602","https://openalex.org/W4237392163","https://openalex.org/W2249217595","https://openalex.org/W2512953709","https://openalex.org/W2038939444","https://openalex.org/W2948294154","https://openalex.org/W7099100645","https://openalex.org/W1656084567","https://openalex.org/W2603536356","https://openalex.org/W7128505852"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,165,240,288],"many":[1],"important":[2,150,338],"settings,":[3],"subjects":[4,37,64],"can":[5],"show":[6],"significant":[7,97],"heterogeneity":[8],"in":[9,53,83,248,261,282,352,385],"response":[10],"to":[11,92,99,187,193,234,244,255,274,316,331,364],"a":[12,18,34,42,61,84,124,160,174,180,324,386],"stimulus":[13],"or":[14,30],"\u201ctreatment\".":[15],"For":[16],"instance,":[17],"treatment":[19,44,52,115,136,138,156,298],"that":[20,72,119],"works":[21],"for":[22,33,109,375],"the":[23,54,101,117,121,129,133,142,154,170,184,194,214,229,245,283,289,292,295,303,312,317,341,357,372,398,406],"overall":[24,55],"population":[25],"might":[26],"be":[27,47],"highly":[28],"inefiective,":[29],"even":[31],"harmful,":[32],"subgroup":[35,62],"of":[36,63,87,103,123,131,183,231,271,285,294,302,307,327,359,371],"with":[38,336],"specific":[39],"characteristics.":[40],"Similarly,":[41],"new":[43],"may":[45,75],"not":[46,76],"better":[48],"than":[49],"an":[50,219,269],"existing":[51,185,215,373],"population,":[56],"but":[57],"there":[58],"is":[59,79,107,116,157,391],"likely":[60],"who":[65],"would":[66],"benefit":[67],"from":[68,90,173,263,397],"it.":[69],"The":[70],"notion":[71],"\u201cone":[73],"size":[74],"fit":[77],"all\"":[78],"becoming":[80],"increasingly":[81],"recognized":[82],"wide":[85],"variety":[86],"fields,":[88],"ranging":[89],"economics":[91],"medicine.":[93],"This":[94],"has":[95,355],"drawn":[96],"attention":[98],"personalize":[100],"choice":[102],"treatment,":[104],"so":[105],"it":[106],"optimal":[108,113,134,155,296],"each":[110,308],"individual.":[111],"An":[112],"personalized":[114,135,137,297],"one":[118],"maximizes":[120],"probability":[122],"desirable":[125],"outcome.":[126],"We":[127,191,266,314,368],"call":[128],"task":[130],"learning":[132,139,144],"(PTL).\\n\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t":[140],"From":[141],"statistical":[143,362,408],"perspective,":[145],"building":[146],"PTL":[147,171,195,232,253,366],"models":[148,233,330],"imposes":[149],"challenges,":[151],"primarily":[152],"because":[153],"unknown":[158],"on":[159,218],"given":[161],"training":[162],"data":[163],"set.":[164],"this":[166,189,353],"thesis,":[167],"we":[168,227,242],"formalize":[169],"problem":[172,349],"causal":[175,207],"inference":[176,209],"perspective":[177],"and":[178,206,223,237,259,277,394],"provide":[179],"comprehensive":[181],"description":[182],"methods":[186,216,254,273,374],"solve":[188],"problem.":[190],"contribute":[192,243,315],"literature":[196,247,321],"by":[197,251,322],"proposing":[198,252,323],"two":[199],"novel":[200,325],"methods,":[201],"namely":[202],"uplift":[203],"random":[204],"forests":[205],"conditional":[208],"forests.":[210],"Our":[211],"proposal":[212],"outperforms":[213],"based":[217],"extensive":[220],"numerical":[221],"simulation":[222],"real-world":[224],"data.\\n\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t":[225],"Next,":[226],"introduce":[228],"concept":[230],"insurance":[235,262,278,290,305,319,333],"marketing":[236],"pricing":[238],"applications.":[239],"particular,":[241],"Insurance":[246],"these":[249,272,377],"areas":[250],"optimize":[256],"client":[257],"retention":[258],"cross-selling":[260],"experimental":[264],"data.":[265,287],"also":[267,299],"illustrate":[268],"application":[270,326],"price-elasticity":[275],"estimation":[276],"economic":[279],"price":[280],"optimization":[281],"context":[284],"observational":[286],"field,":[291,354],"selection":[293],"requires":[300],"consideration":[301],"expected":[304],"losses":[306],"individual":[309],"policyholder":[310],"within":[311],"portfolio.":[313],"non-life":[318],"ratemaking":[320],"gradient":[328],"boosting":[329],"estimate":[332,365],"loss":[334],"cost,":[335],"key":[337,348],"advantages":[339],"over":[340],"conventional":[342],"generalized":[343],"linear":[344],"model":[345],"approach.\\n\\n\\t\\t\\t\\t":[346],"A":[347],"facing":[350],"research":[351],"been":[356],"lack":[358],"publicly":[360],"available":[361,396],"software":[363],"models.":[367],"implement":[369],"most":[370],"fitting":[376],"models,":[378],"as":[379,381],"well":[380],"our":[382],"proposed":[383],"ones,":[384],"package":[387],"named":[388],"uplift,":[389],"which":[390],"now":[392],"released":[393],"freely":[395],"CRAN":[399],"(Comprehensive":[400],"R":[401,407],"Archive":[402],"Network)":[403],"repository":[404],"under":[405],"computing":[409],"environment.":[410]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}