{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2937540657","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jre.12660","title":"Cigarette smoke reduces short chain fatty acid production by a Porphyromonas gingivalis clinical isolate","display_name":"Cigarette smoke reduces short chain fatty acid production by a Porphyromonas gingivalis clinical isolate","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2937540657","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jre.12660","mag":"2937540657","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30982987","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6776670"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/jre.12660","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jre.12660","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jre.12660","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/jre.12660","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195000414","display_name":"Journal of Periodontal Research","issn_l":"0022-3484","issn":["0022-3484","1600-0765"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Periodontal Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/jre.12660","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110607974","display_name":"Iris Zeller","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Iris Zeller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3272-9835","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004341480","display_name":"Marina V. Malovichko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2127-5858","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2127-5858"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1281833243","display_name":"American Heart Association","ror":"https://ror.org/013kjyp64","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1281833243"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marina V. Malovichko","raw_affiliation_strings":["American Heart Association Tobacco Regulatory Science and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky","University of Louisville Superfund Research Center and Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American Heart Association Tobacco Regulatory Science and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1281833243","https://openalex.org/I142740786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Louisville Superfund Research Center and Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019599685","display_name":"Harrell E. Hurst","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harrell E. Hurst","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087444848","display_name":"Diane E. Renaud","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diane E. Renaud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088668331","display_name":"David A. Scott","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1007-2756","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1007-2756"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David A. Scott","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1007-2756","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110607974"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"],"apc_list":{"value":3700,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3700},"apc_paid":{"value":3700,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3700},"fwci":2.2092,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85148969,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"54","issue":"5","first_page":"566","last_page":"571"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10257","display_name":"Oral microbiology and periodontitis research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3506","display_name":"Periodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10257","display_name":"Oral microbiology and periodontitis research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3506","display_name":"Periodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10066","display_name":"Gut microbiota and health","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13768","display_name":"Oral and gingival health research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3506","display_name":"Periodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cigarette-smoke-extract","display_name":"cigarette smoke extract","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/short-chain-fatty-acids","display_name":"short-chain fatty acids","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/porphyromonas-gingivalis","display_name":"Porphyromonas gingivalis","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/periodontal-pathogens","display_name":"periodontal pathogens","score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/butyrate","display_name":"butyrate","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isobutyrate","display_name":"isobutyrate","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isovalerate","display_name":"isovalerate","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propionic-acid","display_name":"propionic acid","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusobacterium-nucleatum","display_name":"Fusobacterium nucleatum","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filifactor-alocis","display_name":"Filifactor alocis","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-isolates","display_name":"clinical isolates","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking","display_name":"smoking","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/periodontal-inflammation","display_name":"periodontal inflammation","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dental-plaque","display_name":"dental plaque","score":0.41600000858306885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780183776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3214147","display_name":"Porphyromonas gingivalis","level":3,"score":0.9121958017349243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777349128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5510311","display_name":"Fusobacterium nucleatum","level":4,"score":0.8160866498947144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.7180287837982178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776979534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193213","display_name":"Butyrate","level":3,"score":0.6779888868331909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776229602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698455","display_name":"Short-chain fatty acid","level":4,"score":0.5080935955047607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780014169","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7168662","display_name":"Periodontal pathogen","level":4,"score":0.5062174201011658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.494019091129303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4674426317214966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C543025807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61476","display_name":"Fatty acid","level":2,"score":0.46436330676078796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q520127","display_name":"Periodontitis","level":2,"score":0.37198662757873535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.334652304649353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3059515953063965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.28681451082229614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.17708313465118408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.12211877107620239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100544194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41760","display_name":"Fermentation","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005232","descriptor_name":"Fatty Acids, Volatile","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010510","descriptor_name":"Periodontal Diseases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012906","descriptor_name":"Smoke","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016966","descriptor_name":"Porphyromonas gingivalis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016967","descriptor_name":"Fusobacterium nucleatum","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/jre.12660","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jre.12660","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jre.12660","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/jre.12660","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195000414","display_name":"Journal of Periodontal Research","issn_l":"0022-3484","issn":["0022-3484","1600-0765"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Periodontal Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5757992","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6776670","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6776670","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6776670","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Periodontal Res","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:30982987","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30982987","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of periodontal research","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/jre.12660","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jre.12660","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jre.12660","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/jre.12660","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195000414","display_name":"Journal of Periodontal Research","issn_l":"0022-3484","issn":["0022-3484","1600-0765"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Periodontal Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1293436672","display_name":"Role of GSK3 in host inflammation","funder_award_id":"R01DE017680","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337365","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5123484665","display_name":"P. gingivalis genes essential for tobacco smoke survival","funder_award_id":"R01DE026963","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337365","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6827797372","display_name":"Tobacco-induced alterations to P. gingivalis-host interactions","funder_award_id":"R01DE019826","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337365","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000873587","display_name":"Functional Microbiomics, Inflammation and Pathogenicity","funder_award_id":"P20GM125504","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","funder_display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04q48ey07"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337365","display_name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","ror":"https://ror.org/004a2wv92"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2937540657.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2937540657.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1597203304","https://openalex.org/W1679213281","https://openalex.org/W1945457660","https://openalex.org/W1959518630","https://openalex.org/W1966294991","https://openalex.org/W1972432317","https://openalex.org/W1975638885","https://openalex.org/W2014780192","https://openalex.org/W2031850369","https://openalex.org/W2041406496","https://openalex.org/W2041657719","https://openalex.org/W2043542071","https://openalex.org/W2050768705","https://openalex.org/W2052161366","https://openalex.org/W2055129165","https://openalex.org/W2055220259","https://openalex.org/W2065107165","https://openalex.org/W2070617804","https://openalex.org/W2074901682","https://openalex.org/W2079664839","https://openalex.org/W2080999443","https://openalex.org/W2089624371","https://openalex.org/W2095139500","https://openalex.org/W2096030010","https://openalex.org/W2122264770","https://openalex.org/W2123255293","https://openalex.org/W2125988137","https://openalex.org/W2126341749","https://openalex.org/W2132066710","https://openalex.org/W2138822627","https://openalex.org/W2142594577","https://openalex.org/W2144541233","https://openalex.org/W2149923936","https://openalex.org/W2151100255","https://openalex.org/W2151165401","https://openalex.org/W2155341017","https://openalex.org/W2157644437","https://openalex.org/W2167349148","https://openalex.org/W2410135492","https://openalex.org/W2416681792","https://openalex.org/W2463936910","https://openalex.org/W2477547149","https://openalex.org/W2754647522","https://openalex.org/W2774633776","https://openalex.org/W2803357168"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2931178291","https://openalex.org/W2518390601","https://openalex.org/W2079664839","https://openalex.org/W2280864781","https://openalex.org/W2096030010","https://openalex.org/W3111310607","https://openalex.org/W4239078312","https://openalex.org/W2094391356","https://openalex.org/W2410135492","https://openalex.org/W4405365257"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVES:":[0],"We":[1],"hypothesized":[2],"that":[3,125],"short":[4],"chain":[5],"fatty":[6],"acid":[7],"(SCFA)":[8],"production":[9,88,98,279],"by":[10,15,111,156,163,280],"oral":[11,39,54,114],"pathogens":[12,115],"is":[13,25,41,89,262],"suppressed":[14,42],"exposure":[16,276],"to":[17,95,130,160,225,306],"cigarette":[18,84],"smoke":[19],"extract":[20],"(CSE).":[21],"BACKGROUND:":[22],"Tobacco":[23],"smoking":[24],"a":[26,46,131,176,281,295],"major":[27],"risk":[28],"factor":[29],"for":[30,244],"plaque-induced":[31],"periodontal":[32],"diseases.":[33],"Despite":[34],"increased":[35],"disease":[36],"susceptibility,":[37],"overt":[38],"inflammation":[40],"in":[43,233,265,293,309],"smokers,":[44],"presenting":[45],"diagnostic":[47],"conundrum.":[48],"Bacterial-derived":[49],"SCFAs":[50,101,162],"can":[51],"penetrate":[52],"into":[53],"tissues":[55],"where":[56],"they":[57],"influence":[58,82],"multiple":[59],"components":[60],"of":[61,77,83,99,135,149,175,200,238,246,269,285],"immune":[62],"and":[63,108,192,219,253],"healing":[64],"responses.":[65],"Indeed,":[66],"the":[67,74,78,81,97,172,183,209,247,266,289,302],"SCFA":[68,87,178,187,211,229,267,278,297],"burden":[69,298],"has":[70],"been":[71],"correlated":[72],"with":[73],"inflammatory":[75],"condition":[76],"gingiva.":[79],"However,":[80],"consumption":[85],"on":[86],"unknown.":[90],"METHODS:":[91],"GC/MS":[92],"was":[93,154,166,208,231],"employed":[94],"monitor":[96],"several":[100],"(propionic":[102],"acid,":[103,105,107],"isobutyric":[104],"butyric":[106],"isovaleric":[109,254],"acid)":[110],"representative":[112],"anaerobic":[113],"(Filifactor":[116],"alocis":[117,170,191],"35896,":[118],"Fusobacterium":[119],"nucleatum":[120,194],"25586,":[121],"Porphyromonas":[122],"gingivalis":[123,181,206,240],"33277)":[124],"were":[126,221],"exposed,":[127],"or":[128,202],"not,":[129],"physiologically":[132],"relevant":[133],"dose":[134],"CSE":[136,275],"(2000":[137],"ng/ml":[138],"nicotine":[139],"equivalents)":[140],"generated":[141],"from":[142],"3R4F":[143],"reference":[144],"cigarettes.":[145],"RESULTS:":[146],"The":[147,158],"growth":[148],"all":[150,256],"three":[151,213,248],"bacterial":[152],"species":[153],"unaffected":[155],"CSE.":[157],"capacity":[159],"produce":[161],"these":[164],"bacteria":[165],"highly":[167],"varied.":[168],"F":[169,190,193],"produced":[171],"highest":[173],"concentration":[174],"specific":[177,282],"(butyrate);":[179],"P":[180,205,239,257,286],"provided":[182],"most":[184],"robust":[185],"overall":[186],"signal,":[188],"while":[189,274],"did":[195],"not":[196],"release":[197,230],"detectable":[198],"levels":[199],"isobutyrate":[201],"isovalerate.":[203],"As":[204],"33277":[207],"broadest":[210],"producer,":[212],"low-passage":[214,235],"clinical":[215,236,283],"isolates":[216,237,249],"(10208C,":[217],"5607,":[218],"10512)":[220],"also":[222],"examined.":[223],"Compared":[224],"unconditioned":[226],"microbes,":[227],"reduced":[228,296,303],"apparent":[232],"CSE-exposed":[234],"which":[241],"reached":[242],"significance":[243],"one":[245],"(propionic,":[250],"isobutyric,":[251],"butyric,":[252],"acids,":[255],"<":[258],"0.05).":[259],"CONCLUSIONS:":[260],"There":[261],"high":[263],"disparity":[264],"profiles":[268],"variant":[270],"chronic":[271],"periodontitis-associated":[272],"bacteria,":[273],"reduces":[277],"strain":[284],"gingivalis.":[287],"If":[288],"latter":[290],"phenomenon":[291],"occurs":[292],"vivo,":[294],"may":[299],"help":[300],"explain":[301],"vascular":[304],"response":[305],"dental":[307],"plaque":[308],"tobacco":[310],"smokers.":[311]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2019-04-25T00:00:00"}