{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2937498535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/hop0000126","title":"Roberto Ardig\u00f2 as a forerunner of George M. Stratton\u2019s experiments on inverted vision.","display_name":"Roberto Ardig\u00f2 as a forerunner of George M. Stratton\u2019s experiments on inverted vision.","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2937498535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/hop0000126","mag":"2937498535","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30973237"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1037/hop0000126","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/hop0000126","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/hop0000126","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32968970","display_name":"History of Psychology","issn_l":"1093-4510","issn":["1093-4510","1939-0610"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"History of Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112339752","display_name":"Enrico Giora","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154387261","display_name":"Vita-Salute San Raffaele University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gmqr298","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enrico Giora","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interfaculty Center for the History of Health and its Fundamental Sciences","Interfaculty Center for the History of Health and its Fundamental Sciences, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interfaculty Center for the History of Health and its Fundamental Sciences","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interfaculty Center for the History of Health and its Fundamental Sciences, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062930946","display_name":"Wilhelm B\u00fcttemeyer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129877168","display_name":"Carl von Ossietzky Universit\u00e4t Oldenburg","ror":"https://ror.org/033n9gh91","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129877168"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wilhelm B\u00fcttemeyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Philosophy","Institute of Philosophy, Faculty IV, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Philosophy","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Philosophy, Faculty IV, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129877168"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1846,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91105955,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"1","first_page":"26","last_page":"39"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12430","display_name":"Academic and Historical Perspectives in Psychology","score":0.9657999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3200","display_name":"General Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12430","display_name":"Academic and Historical Perspectives in Psychology","score":0.9657999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3200","display_name":"General Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.021299999207258224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.005200000014156103,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/roberto-ardigo","display_name":"Roberto Ardig\u00f2","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverted-vision","display_name":"inverted vision","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-experimental-psychology","display_name":"history of experimental psychology","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hermann-von-helmholtz","display_name":"Hermann von Helmholtz","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theory-of-perception","display_name":"theory of perception","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-experiments","display_name":"optical experiments","score":0.38999998569488525}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780668109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192852","display_name":"Opposition (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5979655981063843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67101536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5535910","display_name":"George (robot)","level":2,"score":0.5634497404098511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67666897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165896","display_name":"Prism","level":2,"score":0.5059582591056824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779549880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5542226","display_name":"PsycINFO","level":3,"score":0.4693242907524109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1893757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3653001","display_name":"Inversion (geology)","level":3,"score":0.4585033059120178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.42373839020729065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.37952905893325806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.347519189119339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52119013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50637","display_name":"Art history","level":1,"score":0.29190611839294434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.23481234908103943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2133040428161621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.20464938879013062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1989109218120575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.1985531449317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.08292281627655029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109007969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749565","display_name":"Structural basin","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007909","descriptor_name":"Lenses","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011589","descriptor_name":"Psychology, Experimental","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014785","descriptor_name":"Vision, Ocular","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014796","descriptor_name":"Visual Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D049672","descriptor_name":"History, 19th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055620","descriptor_name":"Optical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1037/hop0000126","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/hop0000126","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/hop0000126","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32968970","display_name":"History of Psychology","issn_l":"1093-4510","issn":["1093-4510","1939-0610"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"History of Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30973237","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30973237","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"History of psychology","raw_type":"Historical Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W616945464","https://openalex.org/W1492910370","https://openalex.org/W1570325522","https://openalex.org/W1966816288","https://openalex.org/W1974950588","https://openalex.org/W2091690225","https://openalex.org/W2091872323","https://openalex.org/W2123721401","https://openalex.org/W2321136160","https://openalex.org/W2485972192","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4230336310","https://openalex.org/W2123721401","https://openalex.org/W7209195992","https://openalex.org/W2292385350","https://openalex.org/W6996768422","https://openalex.org/W646682447","https://openalex.org/W4234491619","https://openalex.org/W2407386075","https://openalex.org/W2092800186","https://openalex.org/W2558741653"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"After":[0],"Johannes":[1],"Kepler's":[2],"supposition":[3],"of":[4,15,66,74,104,128,134,139,166],"inverted":[5,40,75],"and":[6,10,27,68,149],"reversed":[7],"retinal":[8,62],"images":[9,63],"Christoph":[11],"Scheiner's":[12],"anatomical":[13],"demonstration":[14],"such":[16],"an":[17,34,39],"inversion,":[18],"the":[19,51,85,126,132,159,164],"question":[20,46],"arose":[21],"whether":[22],"this":[23,45],"inversion":[24],"is":[25,30,47,79],"necessary":[26],"how":[28],"it":[29],"possible":[31],"to":[32,44,50,83,113,145,156],"see":[33],"upright":[35,61,77],"world":[36],"based":[37],"on":[38],"image.":[41],"The":[42,102,141],"answer":[43],"commonly":[48],"attributed":[49],"American":[52],"psychologist":[53],"George":[54],"M.":[55],"Stratton,":[56],"who":[57],"produced,":[58],"in":[59,111,131,154,163],"1896,":[60],"by":[64],"means":[65],"lenses":[67],"showed":[69],"that":[70],"after":[71],"a":[72,96,99,135],"phase":[73],"perception,":[76],"vision":[78],"restored.":[80],"However,":[81],"prior":[82],"1886,":[84],"Italian":[86],"philosopher":[87],"Roberto":[88],"Ardig\u00f2":[89],"had":[90],"already":[91],"performed":[92],"optical":[93,106],"experiments":[94,130,148],"with":[95,152],"prism,":[97],"obtaining":[98],"similar":[100],"result.":[101],"intend":[103],"his":[105,129],"investigation":[107],"was":[108],"essentially":[109],"psychological,":[110],"opposition":[112],"contemporary":[114],"physiological":[115],"approaches.":[116],"He":[117],"accepted":[118],"Hermann":[119],"von":[120],"Helmholtz's":[121],"basic":[122],"assumptions,":[123],"but":[124],"interpreted":[125],"results":[127],"framework":[133],"more":[136],"detailed":[137],"theory":[138],"perception.":[140],"present":[142],"article":[143],"aims":[144],"analyze":[146],"Ardig\u00f2's":[147],"compare":[150],"them":[151,158],"Stratton's":[153],"order":[155],"give":[157],"place":[160],"they":[161],"deserve":[162],"history":[165],"experimental":[167],"psychology.":[168],"(PsycINFO":[169],"Database":[170],"Record":[171],"(c)":[172],"2020":[173],"APA,":[174],"all":[175],"rights":[176],"reserved).":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2019-04-25T00:00:00"}