{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2936628661","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15332845.2019.1599784","title":"Demographic and workplace factors contributing to attitudes toward women as managers in Macau\u2019s hospitality industry","display_name":"Demographic and workplace factors contributing to attitudes toward women as managers in Macau\u2019s hospitality industry","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2936628661","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15332845.2019.1599784","mag":"2936628661"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/15332845.2019.1599784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15332845.2019.1599784","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15332845.2019.1599784","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109960688","display_name":"Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism","issn_l":"1533-2845","issn":["1533-2845","1533-2853"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality &amp; Tourism","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045767925","display_name":"Henrique F\u00e1tima Boyol Ngan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2306-3843","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2306-3843"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095110","display_name":"Macao University of Tourism","ror":"https://ror.org/00nx0vn86","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095110"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Henrique F\u00e1tima Boyol Ngan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tourism College, Institute for Tourism Studies, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tourism College, Institute for Tourism Studies, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095110"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079480456","display_name":"Anna Litwin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0661-0809","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0661-0809","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9287-903X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095110","display_name":"Macao University of Tourism","ror":"https://ror.org/00nx0vn86","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095110"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Litwin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tourism College, Institute for Tourism Studies, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tourism College, Institute for Tourism Studies, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095110"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045767925"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095110"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1846,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88192801,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"3","first_page":"323","last_page":"348"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11047","display_name":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11047","display_name":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12908","display_name":"Media, Gender, and Advertising","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12275","display_name":"Gender and Feminist Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-in-management","display_name":"women in management","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-stereotypes","display_name":"gender stereotypes","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-roles","display_name":"gender roles","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospitality-industry","display_name":"hospitality industry","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macau","display_name":"Macau","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demographic-factors","display_name":"demographic factors","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workplace-factors","display_name":"workplace factors","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-career-advancement","display_name":"women's career advancement","score":0.7770000100135803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C525551149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1495452","display_name":"Hospitality industry","level":3,"score":0.7760345935821533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778139618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13440398","display_name":"Workforce","level":2,"score":0.7380326986312866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107482638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815825","display_name":"Hospitality","level":3,"score":0.6011978387832642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5889251232147217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196187386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050187","display_name":"Sociocultural evolution","level":2,"score":0.5731901526451111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.522637128829956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.5195363163948059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4579467177391052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4231095314025879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987222852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27686","display_name":"Hotel industry","level":3,"score":0.4134988784790039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.40609055757522583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.40593090653419495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3391687870025635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.32088157534599304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.30307072401046753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.25145164132118225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18918823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49389","display_name":"Tourism","level":2,"score":0.13010546565055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10390150547027588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/15332845.2019.1599784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15332845.2019.1599784","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15332845.2019.1599784","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109960688","display_name":"Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism","issn_l":"1533-2845","issn":["1533-2845","1533-2853"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality &amp; Tourism","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9444000124931335,"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"},{"score":0.9211000204086304,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"},{"score":0.7578999996185303,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":89,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W25502024","https://openalex.org/W619984332","https://openalex.org/W622678308","https://openalex.org/W951825957","https://openalex.org/W1482712176","https://openalex.org/W1530729682","https://openalex.org/W1547064462","https://openalex.org/W1601335668","https://openalex.org/W1761278175","https://openalex.org/W1965035284","https://openalex.org/W1974236782","https://openalex.org/W1976903061","https://openalex.org/W1977049278","https://openalex.org/W1979376028","https://openalex.org/W1982691625","https://openalex.org/W1986704130","https://openalex.org/W1990605754","https://openalex.org/W1990754711","https://openalex.org/W1991625162","https://openalex.org/W1992770143","https://openalex.org/W1993648576","https://openalex.org/W1995002777","https://openalex.org/W1997032952","https://openalex.org/W1997319562","https://openalex.org/W2001899251","https://openalex.org/W2004971941","https://openalex.org/W2007726305","https://openalex.org/W2008964156","https://openalex.org/W2013055399","https://openalex.org/W2013159305","https://openalex.org/W2016395556","https://openalex.org/W2023698660","https://openalex.org/W2027543370","https://openalex.org/W2028158240","https://openalex.org/W2028367583","https://openalex.org/W2028925709","https://openalex.org/W2029807286","https://openalex.org/W2030874261","https://openalex.org/W2032228855","https://openalex.org/W2033957762","https://openalex.org/W2035286692","https://openalex.org/W2037409262","https://openalex.org/W2038446658","https://openalex.org/W2040829325","https://openalex.org/W2041356965","https://openalex.org/W2044949688","https://openalex.org/W2047726648","https://openalex.org/W2057260901","https://openalex.org/W2061935394","https://openalex.org/W2066687228","https://openalex.org/W2069363128","https://openalex.org/W2070156892","https://openalex.org/W2075037020","https://openalex.org/W2076462914","https://openalex.org/W2082707578","https://openalex.org/W2085017978","https://openalex.org/W2092617552","https://openalex.org/W2096372719","https://openalex.org/W2101646211","https://openalex.org/W2110714905","https://openalex.org/W2111271688","https://openalex.org/W2122724555","https://openalex.org/W2126665084","https://openalex.org/W2132351428","https://openalex.org/W2134040441","https://openalex.org/W2135374241","https://openalex.org/W2150807908","https://openalex.org/W2154380314","https://openalex.org/W2157575844","https://openalex.org/W2159005993","https://openalex.org/W2160534689","https://openalex.org/W2163582995","https://openalex.org/W2166402662","https://openalex.org/W2172129740","https://openalex.org/W2179291882","https://openalex.org/W2220719621","https://openalex.org/W2245552056","https://openalex.org/W2300079696","https://openalex.org/W2320445406","https://openalex.org/W2336576382","https://openalex.org/W2346872394","https://openalex.org/W2404486930","https://openalex.org/W2528684057","https://openalex.org/W2594579381","https://openalex.org/W2992653241","https://openalex.org/W4205190695","https://openalex.org/W4213032727","https://openalex.org/W4240475057","https://openalex.org/W4295294118"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2913467013","https://openalex.org/W4224303873","https://openalex.org/W1990754711","https://openalex.org/W4245595867","https://openalex.org/W2028925709","https://openalex.org/W2076462914","https://openalex.org/W3172779030","https://openalex.org/W4225476705","https://openalex.org/W4292386344","https://openalex.org/W7220327908"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"an":[1],"increasing":[2],"number":[3],"of":[4,17,100,107],"women":[5],"enter":[6,36],"workforce":[7],"and":[8,26,51,86,102],"progress":[9],"to":[10,21,71,89],"managerial":[11],"positions,":[12],"they":[13,34],"challenge":[14],"traditional":[15],"notion":[16],"gender":[18,28,38],"roles":[19,40],"ascribed":[20],"them":[22,88],"by":[23,31],"sociocultural":[24],"theory":[25],"change":[27],"stereotypes.":[29],"However,":[30],"doing":[32],"so,":[33],"may":[35],"into":[37],"incongruent":[39],"which":[41],"evokes":[42],"negative":[43,54],"attitudes,":[44],"creates":[45],"obstacles":[46],"for":[47],"women\u2019s":[48],"professional":[49],"advancement":[50],"results":[52,94],"in":[53,65,78,83,97],"work":[55],"outcomes.":[56],"This":[57],"study":[58],"utilizes":[59],"Women":[60],"as":[61],"Managers":[62],"Scale":[63],"(WAMS)":[64],"street":[66],"intercept":[67],"with":[68],"600":[69],"participants":[70],"examine":[72],"the":[73,79,98,108],"attitudes":[74],"toward":[75],"female":[76],"managers":[77],"dominant":[80],"hospitality":[81],"industry":[82],"Macau,":[84],"China":[85],"finds":[87],"be":[90],"comparatively":[91],"positive.":[92],"The":[93],"are":[95,110],"discussed":[96],"context":[99],"demographic":[101],"workplace":[103],"factors.":[104],"Managerial":[105],"implications":[106],"findings":[109],"stated.":[111]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2019-04-25T00:00:00"}
