{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2936616766","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1389450120666190405172524","title":"Toll-like Receptor as a Molecular Link between Metabolic Syndrome and Inflammation: A Review","display_name":"Toll-like Receptor as a Molecular Link between Metabolic Syndrome and Inflammation: A Review","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2936616766","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1389450120666190405172524","mag":"2936616766","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30961493"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2174/1389450120666190405172524","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1389450120666190405172524","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1389450120666190405172524","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140884253","display_name":"Current Drug Targets","issn_l":"1389-4501","issn":["1389-4501","1873-5592"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doyens","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320079","host_organization_name":"Bentham Science Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bentham Science Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current Drug Targets","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042383355","display_name":"Sok Kuan Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1184-4551","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1184-4551"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sok Kuan Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004770379","display_name":"Kok\u2010Yong Chin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6628-1552","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6628-1552"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kok-Yong Chin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103213583","display_name":"Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7737-4102","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7737-4102"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103213583"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8018,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6337465,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"12","first_page":"1264","last_page":"1280"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10528","display_name":"Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases","score":0.8895999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10528","display_name":"Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases","score":0.8895999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10371","display_name":"Immune Response and Inflammation","score":0.1039000004529953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11078","display_name":"Inflammasome and immune disorders","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toll-like-receptors","display_name":"Toll-like receptors","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolic-syndrome","display_name":"metabolic syndrome","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-inflammation","display_name":"chronic inflammation","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tlr-ligands","display_name":"TLR ligands","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pro-inflammatory-cytokines","display_name":"inflammatory cytokines","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obesity","display_name":"obesity","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypertriglyceridemia","display_name":"hypertriglyceridemia","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-hdl-cholesterol","display_name":"low HDL cholesterol","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypertension","display_name":"hypertension","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperglycemia","display_name":"hyperglycemia","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tlr-signaling-pathways","display_name":"TLR signaling pathways","score":0.5889999866485596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.798576831817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780578515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657193","display_name":"Metabolic syndrome","level":3,"score":0.7962721586227417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776919658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1467339","display_name":"Hypertriglyceridemia","level":4,"score":0.5995774269104004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5369150042533875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776709828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408004","display_name":"Toll-like receptor","level":4,"score":0.5332714319229126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.5120937824249268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.4702063202857971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.4172190725803375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778163477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43656","display_name":"Cholesterol","level":2,"score":0.3925994634628296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.381686270236969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.32873669266700745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136449434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428253","display_name":"Innate immune system","level":3,"score":0.1369594931602478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778913445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186319","display_name":"Triglyceride","level":3,"score":0.0653257668018341}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069452","descriptor_name":"Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005786","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Regulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007249","descriptor_name":"Inflammation","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007249","descriptor_name":"Inflammation","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015398","descriptor_name":"Signal Transduction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D024821","descriptor_name":"Metabolic Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D024821","descriptor_name":"Metabolic Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051193","descriptor_name":"Toll-Like Receptors","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2174/1389450120666190405172524","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1389450120666190405172524","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1389450120666190405172524","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140884253","display_name":"Current Drug Targets","issn_l":"1389-4501","issn":["1389-4501","1873-5592"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doyens","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320079","host_organization_name":"Bentham Science Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bentham Science Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current Drug Targets","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30961493","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30961493","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current drug targets","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9922999739646912,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1079255235","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FF-2019-036","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324231","funder_display_name":"Malaysia Toray Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6265917328","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MI\u20102019\u2010006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322699","funder_display_name":"Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322699","display_name":"Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324231","display_name":"Malaysia Toray Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05983pc92"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":82,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1526107404","https://openalex.org/W1842502793","https://openalex.org/W1902733438","https://openalex.org/W1904658532","https://openalex.org/W1963508865","https://openalex.org/W1979013098","https://openalex.org/W1980909008","https://openalex.org/W1985090175","https://openalex.org/W1987297516","https://openalex.org/W1988827954","https://openalex.org/W1989429848","https://openalex.org/W2000626743","https://openalex.org/W2010572052","https://openalex.org/W2022423369","https://openalex.org/W2022495743","https://openalex.org/W2024056569","https://openalex.org/W2025468966","https://openalex.org/W2025916082","https://openalex.org/W2028900471","https://openalex.org/W2033023829","https://openalex.org/W2035717904","https://openalex.org/W2041136224","https://openalex.org/W2042074642","https://openalex.org/W2049905679","https://openalex.org/W2050813486","https://openalex.org/W2071691075","https://openalex.org/W2073555999","https://openalex.org/W2074128490","https://openalex.org/W2077012320","https://openalex.org/W2085503736","https://openalex.org/W2091426331","https://openalex.org/W2092406284","https://openalex.org/W2092609958","https://openalex.org/W2095956260","https://openalex.org/W2097034504","https://openalex.org/W2105798455","https://openalex.org/W2106902869","https://openalex.org/W2112855364","https://openalex.org/W2114055603","https://openalex.org/W2116433489","https://openalex.org/W2120293565","https://openalex.org/W2122188330","https://openalex.org/W2127235850","https://openalex.org/W2127361658","https://openalex.org/W2127978413","https://openalex.org/W2127992831","https://openalex.org/W2129359337","https://openalex.org/W2131091861","https://openalex.org/W2131536322","https://openalex.org/W2134457067","https://openalex.org/W2135094681","https://openalex.org/W2143104968","https://openalex.org/W2145437385","https://openalex.org/W2153406190","https://openalex.org/W2155734075","https://openalex.org/W2156750321","https://openalex.org/W2161883681","https://openalex.org/W2163702170","https://openalex.org/W2185811753","https://openalex.org/W2190968520","https://openalex.org/W2206508642","https://openalex.org/W2246243776","https://openalex.org/W2291438771","https://openalex.org/W2298505552","https://openalex.org/W2337535033","https://openalex.org/W2411770179","https://openalex.org/W2521339456","https://openalex.org/W2521706951","https://openalex.org/W2527864505","https://openalex.org/W2550813919","https://openalex.org/W2560618496","https://openalex.org/W2563181144","https://openalex.org/W2569570295","https://openalex.org/W2582737955","https://openalex.org/W2625756665","https://openalex.org/W2626360819","https://openalex.org/W2737868829","https://openalex.org/W2746976728","https://openalex.org/W2749732728","https://openalex.org/W2752057886","https://openalex.org/W2768093268","https://openalex.org/W2806754931"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6982445391","https://openalex.org/W3177025637","https://openalex.org/W2114055603","https://openalex.org/W2156769836","https://openalex.org/W3029520938","https://openalex.org/W2074128490","https://openalex.org/W2079480602","https://openalex.org/W2190968520","https://openalex.org/W2897470742","https://openalex.org/W2952361145"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Metabolic":[0],"Syndrome":[1],"(MetS)":[2],"involves":[3],"a":[4],"cluster":[5],"of":[6,22,34,40,45,74,94,112],"five":[7],"conditions,":[8],"i.e.":[9],"obesity,":[10],"hyperglycaemia,":[11],"hypertension,":[12],"hypertriglyceridemia":[13],"and":[14,67],"low":[15],"High-Density":[16],"Lipoprotein":[17],"(HDL)":[18],"cholesterol.":[19],"All":[20],"components":[21],"MetS":[23,46,66],"share":[24],"an":[25],"underlying":[26],"chronic":[27,95],"inflammatory":[28],"aetiology,":[29],"manifested":[30],"by":[31,71,83],"increased":[32],"levels":[33],"pro-inflammatory":[35],"cytokines.":[36],"The":[37,79],"pathogenic":[38],"role":[39],"inflammation":[41],"in":[42,109],"the":[43,59,63,72,92,106,110],"development":[44,111],"suggested":[47],"that":[48],"toll-like":[49],"receptor":[50],"(TLR)":[51],"activation":[52,103],"may":[53],"trigger":[54],"MetS.":[55,78],"This":[56],"review":[57],"summarises":[58],"supporting":[60],"evidence":[61],"on":[62],"interactions":[64],"between":[65],"TLR":[68,75,84,102],"activation,":[69,85],"bridged":[70],"elevation":[73],"ligands":[76],"during":[77],"regulatory":[80],"circuits":[81],"mediated":[82],"which":[86],"modulates":[87],"signal":[88],"propagation,":[89],"leading":[90],"to":[91],"state":[93],"inflammation,":[96],"are":[97],"also":[98],"discussed.":[99],"Taken":[100],"together,":[101],"could":[104],"be":[105],"molecular":[107],"basis":[108],"MetS-induced":[113],"inflammation.":[114]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2019-04-25T00:00:00"}