{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2935489093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2979/indjglolegstu.26.1.0199","title":"Original Nation Approaches to \u201cInter-National\u201d Law (ONAIL): Decoupling of the Nation and the State and the Search for New Legal Orders","display_name":"Original Nation Approaches to \u201cInter-National\u201d Law (ONAIL): Decoupling of the Nation and the State and the Search for New Legal Orders","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2935489093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2979/indjglolegstu.26.1.0199","mag":"2935489093"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2979/indjglolegstu.26.1.0199","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2979/indjglolegstu.26.1.0199","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2979/indjglolegstu.26.1.0199","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14250838","display_name":"Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies","issn_l":"1080-0727","issn":["1080-0727","1543-0367"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319732","host_organization_name":"Indiana University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319732"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Indiana University Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019406661","display_name":"Fukurai","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fukurai","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019406661"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.4543,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98794351,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"1","first_page":"199","last_page":"199"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13879","display_name":"Indigenous Peoples' Rights and Law","score":0.923799991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13879","display_name":"Indigenous Peoples' Rights and Law","score":0.923799991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10749","display_name":"International Law and Human Rights","score":0.07429999858140945,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13665","display_name":"Legal and cultural studies analysis","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-law","display_name":"international law","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nation-and-state","display_name":"state and nation","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-rights-violations","display_name":"human rights violations","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neoliberal-globalization","display_name":"neoliberal globalization","score":0.4099999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colonialism","display_name":"colonialism","score":0.5049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ancestral-land","display_name":"ancestral land","score":0.5199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-degradation","display_name":"environmental degradation","score":0.45500001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indigenous-peoples","display_name":"indigenous peoples","score":0.44999998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistance-movements","display_name":"resistance movements","score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-interests","display_name":"corporate interests","score":0.41100001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilateral-institutions","display_name":"multilateral institutions","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-criminal-law","display_name":"international criminal law","score":0.5870000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-environmental-law","display_name":"international environmental law","score":0.4880000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-trade-law","display_name":"international trade law","score":0.45899999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-investment-law","display_name":"international investment law","score":0.37400001287460327}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205606062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5249645","display_name":"Decoupling (probability)","level":2,"score":0.6880863904953003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.6080945730209351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5793994665145874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.49130216240882874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775910013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179671","display_name":"Nation state","level":3,"score":0.4631129801273346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.42070138454437256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2864912152290344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.25023406744003296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.13153567910194397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12637469172477722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.09158128499984741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2979/indjglolegstu.26.1.0199","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2979/indjglolegstu.26.1.0199","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2979/indjglolegstu.26.1.0199","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14250838","display_name":"Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies","issn_l":"1080-0727","issn":["1080-0727","1543-0367"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319732","host_organization_name":"Indiana University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319732"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Indiana University Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W42981563","https://openalex.org/W52073533","https://openalex.org/W299925631","https://openalex.org/W1482556428","https://openalex.org/W1537646239","https://openalex.org/W1606208608","https://openalex.org/W1621843271","https://openalex.org/W1861686295","https://openalex.org/W1979821975","https://openalex.org/W1984301916","https://openalex.org/W2019625409","https://openalex.org/W2144638174","https://openalex.org/W2165000388","https://openalex.org/W2167608609","https://openalex.org/W2273176859","https://openalex.org/W2293017164","https://openalex.org/W2335299837","https://openalex.org/W2460964433","https://openalex.org/W2618855579","https://openalex.org/W2739712011","https://openalex.org/W2799654359","https://openalex.org/W2806191531","https://openalex.org/W2900724104","https://openalex.org/W2955045218","https://openalex.org/W3001528319","https://openalex.org/W3122063644","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3152893295","https://openalex.org/W3047089856","https://openalex.org/W4392924637","https://openalex.org/W614180002","https://openalex.org/W4386758877","https://openalex.org/W1584575899","https://openalex.org/W3155332497","https://openalex.org/W4252589330","https://openalex.org/W572837262","https://openalex.org/W4402569531"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Original":[0,208,316,346,367,419],"Nation":[1,9,209,317,347,368,420],"Approaches":[2,369],"to":[3,205,243,271,298,304,370,412,532,554,610],"\"Inter-National\"":[4,371],"Law":[5,372],"(ONAIL):Decoupling":[6],"of":[7,24,44,56,66,84,128,137,146,161,168,175,185,189,193,220,223,254,274,307,325,341,354,383,387,399,409,429,445,467,482,505,535,565,578,590,619,622,630,648,663],"the":[8,11,14,25,30,36,39,53,57,61,72,93,97,126,129,135,144,150,153,166,173,176,183,186,196,207,215,221,224,245,267,272,289,293,299,308,315,322,351,364,380,384,388,397,400,424,430,438,442,452,459,462,465,479,513,523,533,545,556,576,579,588,600,628,646,659],"and":[10,13,27,38,46,64,69,75,79,87,95,104,116,141,155,165,178,198,217,226,230,235,239,260,265,269,313,329,335,339,343,357,361,392,404,406,461,470,477,486,488,492,502,508,516,530,562,596,608,625,635,643,650],"State":[12],"Search":[15],"for":[16,143,415],"New":[17],"Legal":[18],"Orders":[19],"Hiroshi":[20],"Fukurai*1":[21],"Introduction":[22],"Much":[23],"combat":[26],"conflict":[28],"around":[29,363],"globe":[31],"today":[32],"involves":[33],"struggles":[34,621],"between":[35],"nation":[37,94,154,177,225,268,460],"state.":[40,300],"The":[41,345,366,418,455,540,612,652],"state's":[42,130],"promotion":[43],"globalization":[45],"neoliberal":[47],"policies":[48],"has":[49,99,473,572,584],"long":[50],"resulted":[51,640],"in":[52,228,319,395,437,451,551,575,641,645,656],"radical":[54],"transformation":[55],"nation's":[58,294],"homeland,":[59],"propelled":[60],"forced":[62],"eviction":[63],"displacement":[65],"already-marginalized":[67],"nations":[68,312,342,624,649],"peoples,":[70,96,314,558],"contaminated":[71],"natural":[73,402,506],"environment,":[74],"destroyed":[76],"much":[77],"cultural":[78,407],"biological":[80,405],"diversity.2":[81],"In":[82],"areas":[83],"strong":[85],"opposition":[86],"resistance":[88,295],"by":[89,149,249],"[End":[90,425],"Page":[91,426],"199]":[92],"state":[98,102,151,197,431],"powerfully":[100],"mobilized":[101],"troopers":[103],"privately-financed":[105],"paramilitary":[106],"forces,":[107],"often":[108],"employing":[109],"arbitrary":[110],"arrests,":[111],"interrogation,":[112],"torture,":[113],"extrajudicial":[114],"killings,":[115],"other":[117,261],"human":[118,499],"rights":[119,500],"violations.":[120],"These":[121],"actions":[122],"are":[123,537],"justified":[124],"under":[125],"rhetoric":[127],"campaign":[131],"against":[132,627],"terrorism":[133,634],"or":[134,284],"pretext":[136],"national":[138],"security":[139],"concerns":[140],"respect":[142],"rule":[145],"law":[147,170,356,377,536],"imposed":[148],"on":[152,195,350,587,616],"peoples.3":[156],"A":[157],"fundamentally":[158],"different":[159],"interpretation":[160],"history,":[162,485,559],"geography,":[163,484],"politics,":[164],"role":[167,481,534],"international":[169,199,231,355,376],"emerges":[171],"when":[172],"perspective":[174],"peoples":[179,227,270,626],"is":[180,449,549],"placed":[181],"at":[182],"center":[184],"geopolitical":[187,435,602],"analysis":[188,577],"worldly":[190],"affairs.":[191],"Instead":[192],"focusing":[194],"organizations":[200,264],"as":[201,247,379,432,464,512,632],"traditional":[202,240],"analyses":[203],"tend":[204],"do,":[206],"approach":[210,348],"produces":[211],"a":[212,250,433,568,591],"diametrically-opposed":[213],"\"on":[214],"ground\"":[216],"\"bottom-up\"":[218],"portrait":[219],"significance":[222],"domestic":[229],"affairs,":[232],"problems,":[233],"conflicts,":[234],"possible":[236],"remedies.":[237],"Dominant":[238],"scholarship":[241,421,589],"tends":[242],"interpret":[244],"world":[246,580],"enclosed":[248],"fixated,":[251],"legal":[252],"network":[253],"193":[255],"United":[256],"Nations":[257],"(U.N.)":[258],"member-states":[259],"internationally":[262],"recognized":[263,655],"relegates":[266],"status":[273],"ethnic":[275],"groups,":[276],"religious":[277],"minorities,":[278],"landless":[279],"peasants,":[280],"separatists,":[281],"rebels,":[282],"terrorists,":[283],"independent":[285],"nationalists,":[286],"depending":[287],"upon":[288],"particular":[290],"perceived":[291],"threats":[292],"movement":[296],"poses":[297],"While":[301],"states":[302,331],"continue":[303],"occupy":[305],"most":[306,660],"world's":[309,401],"five":[310],"thousand":[311],"analysis,":[318],"contrast,":[320],"allows":[321],"critical":[323],"examination":[324],"how":[326],"colonial":[327],"empires":[328],"modern":[330],"have":[332,518,639],"invaded,":[333],"exploited,":[334],"appropriated":[336],"ancestral":[337],"lands":[338],"resources":[340],"peoples.4":[344],"focuses":[349,615],"predatory":[352],"behavior":[353],"its":[358],"destructive":[359],"expansion":[360],"application":[362],"globe.":[365],"(ONAIL)":[373],"recognizes":[374],"that":[375,525,571,604,658],"serves":[378],"prime":[381],"instrument":[382],"tripartite":[385],"alliance":[386],"state,":[389,463,514],"corporate":[390,637],"interests,":[391],"multilateral":[393],"institutions":[394],"jeopardizing":[396],"future":[398,416],"environment":[403,507],"diversity\u2014all":[408],"which":[410],"need":[411],"be":[413],"preserved":[414],"generations.":[417],"also":[422],"challenges":[423],"200]":[427],"legitimacy":[428],"viable":[434],"actor":[436],"future.":[439],"To":[440],"elucidate":[441],"basic":[443],"tenet":[444],"ONAIL,":[446],"this":[447,552],"paper":[448,553],"structured":[450],"following":[453],"way.5":[454],"first":[456],"section":[457,542,614],"defines":[458],"misuse":[466],"these":[468],"terms":[469],"related":[471],"concepts":[472],"gravely":[474],"obscured,":[475],"distorted,":[476],"misrepresented":[478],"identity,":[480,561],"law,":[483],"reasons":[487],"causes":[489],"behind":[490],"conflicts":[491],"wars,":[493],"regional":[494],"struggles,":[495],"refugee":[496],"flows,":[497],"genocide,":[498],"violations,":[501],"rapidly-degrading":[503],"condition":[504],"ecosystems.":[509],"Terms":[510],"such":[511],"nation,":[515,557],"nation-state":[517],"been":[519,573,585],"used":[520,550,574],"interchangeably,":[521],"despite":[522],"fact":[524],"their":[526],"origins,":[527],"geographies,":[528],"histories,":[529],"relations":[531],"quite":[538],"distinct.":[539],"second":[541],"explains":[543],"why":[544],"neologism,":[546],"\"Original":[547],"Nation,\"":[548],"delineate":[555],"culture,":[560],"tradition,":[563],"instead":[564],"\"Fourth":[566],"World,\"":[567],"common":[569],"terminology":[570,583],"system.":[581],"Such":[582],"predicated":[586],"three-tiered":[592],"system\u2014the":[593],"First,":[594],"Second,":[595],"Third":[597],"Worlds\u2014derived":[598],"from":[599],"state-centric,":[601],"model":[603],"ONAIL":[605],"opposes,":[606],"challenges,":[607],"tries":[609],"overcome.":[611],"third":[613],"actual":[617],"examples":[618],"ongoing":[620],"multiple":[623],"intrusion":[629],"states\u2014such":[631],"state-sponsored":[633],"state-supported":[636],"exploitation\u2014that":[638],"ethnocide":[642],"ecocide":[644],"homeland":[647],"peoples.":[651],"U.S.":[653],"government":[654],"1950":[657],"immediate":[661],"crises":[662],"\"nation-state":[664],"conflicts...":[665]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-13T10:08:12.033832","created_date":"2019-04-11T00:00:00"}