{"id":"https://openalex.org/W293130828","doi":null,"title":"Attribution of Spear Phishing Attacks: A Literature Survey","display_name":"Attribution of Spear Phishing Attacks: A Literature Survey","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W293130828","mag":"293130828"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:293130828","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a588466.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034201659","display_name":"Van-Linh Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3472-0108","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3472-0108"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Van-Linh Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3472-0108","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034201659"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.24,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84053893,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12034","display_name":"Digital and Cyber Forensics","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spear-phishing","display_name":"spear phishing","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attribution-of-cyberattacks","display_name":"attribution of cyberattacks","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attacker-identification","display_name":"attacker identification","score":0.4749999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-engineering","display_name":"social engineering","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identity-theft","display_name":"identity theft","score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/espionage","display_name":"espionage","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-defense","display_name":"cyber defense","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attribution-methods","display_name":"attribution methods","score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-forensics","display_name":"digital forensics","score":0.4059999883174896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83860907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135005","display_name":"Phishing","level":3,"score":0.9000720977783203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6932281851768494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143299363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900584","display_name":"Attribution","level":2,"score":0.6881793141365051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176856949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001676","display_name":"Offensive","level":2,"score":0.6742974519729614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.518376886844635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522325796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471880","display_name":"Identity theft","level":2,"score":0.4579533338546753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781241145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204606","display_name":"Cyberspace","level":3,"score":0.4473624527454376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.4291340410709381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4097122251987457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2801118493080139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.2526283264160156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.23516860604286194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.18018287420272827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.17863509058952332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.14567214250564575}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:293130828","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a588466.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":229,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W6436850","https://openalex.org/W9292421","https://openalex.org/W31924142","https://openalex.org/W35388109","https://openalex.org/W51398944","https://openalex.org/W72037277","https://openalex.org/W90413272","https://openalex.org/W94749751","https://openalex.org/W107464443","https://openalex.org/W111712464","https://openalex.org/W119864338","https://openalex.org/W120700570","https://openalex.org/W120810845","https://openalex.org/W127688506","https://openalex.org/W130021640","https://openalex.org/W131462842","https://openalex.org/W151695039","https://openalex.org/W163605501","https://openalex.org/W173470260","https://openalex.org/W198543417","https://openalex.org/W256767295","https://openalex.org/W267897065","https://openalex.org/W566072128","https://openalex.org/W599327533","https://openalex.org/W990772257","https://openalex.org/W1489024965","https://openalex.org/W1503224444","https://openalex.org/W1505388767","https://openalex.org/W1506219363","https://openalex.org/W1509629370","https://openalex.org/W1515154852","https://openalex.org/W1517100234","https://openalex.org/W1518154917","https://openalex.org/W1528113134","https://openalex.org/W1529790664","https://openalex.org/W1540672006","https://openalex.org/W1543932593","https://openalex.org/W1547561528","https://openalex.org/W1550624107","https://openalex.org/W1551162551","https://openalex.org/W1553361609","https://openalex.org/W1555486186","https://openalex.org/W1560637250","https://openalex.org/W1565302035","https://openalex.org/W1570448133","https://openalex.org/W1576311612","https://openalex.org/W1578138711","https://openalex.org/W1585123890","https://openalex.org/W1594990268","https://openalex.org/W1599297599","https://openalex.org/W1600930409","https://openalex.org/W1604970307","https://openalex.org/W1606247040","https://openalex.org/W1609887161","https://openalex.org/W1621966812","https://openalex.org/W1634470931","https://openalex.org/W1646816143","https://openalex.org/W1673310716","https://openalex.org/W1761401273","https://openalex.org/W1795776371","https://openalex.org/W1797297385","https://openalex.org/W1816167855","https://openalex.org/W1840205690","https://openalex.org/W1856971918","https://openalex.org/W1867219652","https://openalex.org/W1873122431","https://openalex.org/W1875828904","https://openalex.org/W1910686388","https://openalex.org/W1921075642","https://openalex.org/W1935527136","https://openalex.org/W1956188504","https://openalex.org/W1956559956","https://openalex.org/W1960686302","https://openalex.org/W1964642694","https://openalex.org/W1967949770","https://openalex.org/W1969715690","https://openalex.org/W1972649544","https://openalex.org/W1972820248","https://openalex.org/W1973630779","https://openalex.org/W1976095474","https://openalex.org/W1978223246","https://openalex.org/W1978625958","https://openalex.org/W1979230891","https://openalex.org/W1979607625","https://openalex.org/W1981745473","https://openalex.org/W1990517932","https://openalex.org/W1991012024","https://openalex.org/W1997213258","https://openalex.org/W2001496424","https://openalex.org/W2006533296","https://openalex.org/W2007337962","https://openalex.org/W2009312480","https://openalex.org/W2010452235","https://openalex.org/W2012273690","https://openalex.org/W2012761320","https://openalex.org/W2013568550","https://openalex.org/W2016219933","https://openalex.org/W2017361309","https://openalex.org/W2018115967","https://openalex.org/W2025403586","https://openalex.org/W2025882237","https://openalex.org/W2028243078","https://openalex.org/W2030498115","https://openalex.org/W2031446819","https://openalex.org/W2031474728","https://openalex.org/W2033219613","https://openalex.org/W2035395173","https://openalex.org/W2039876852","https://openalex.org/W2043976122","https://openalex.org/W2044555705","https://openalex.org/W2044892056","https://openalex.org/W2052354855","https://openalex.org/W2053774863","https://openalex.org/W2054126054","https://openalex.org/W2054151502","https://openalex.org/W2054537057","https://openalex.org/W2056354103","https://openalex.org/W2057592151","https://openalex.org/W2058157827","https://openalex.org/W2062293785","https://openalex.org/W2063205814","https://openalex.org/W2063339671","https://openalex.org/W2064762878","https://openalex.org/W2065218635","https://openalex.org/W2065910179","https://openalex.org/W2066252791","https://openalex.org/W2066259047","https://openalex.org/W2072356720","https://openalex.org/W2072828027","https://openalex.org/W2074459654","https://openalex.org/W2076333420","https://openalex.org/W2078111377","https://openalex.org/W2081514874","https://openalex.org/W2083798989","https://openalex.org/W2088972110","https://openalex.org/W2089159047","https://openalex.org/W2092475127","https://openalex.org/W2097532520","https://openalex.org/W2098434511","https://openalex.org/W2099197753","https://openalex.org/W2099816907","https://openalex.org/W2100673955","https://openalex.org/W2100765095","https://openalex.org/W2100772444","https://openalex.org/W2101173463","https://openalex.org/W2103231373","https://openalex.org/W2104595931","https://openalex.org/W2105577993","https://openalex.org/W2106655090","https://openalex.org/W2109932952","https://openalex.org/W2111038628","https://openalex.org/W2117030266","https://openalex.org/W2117062793","https://openalex.org/W2118000820","https://openalex.org/W2118020653","https://openalex.org/W2118425947","https://openalex.org/W2118537526","https://openalex.org/W2119030343","https://openalex.org/W2121749752","https://openalex.org/W2122219434","https://openalex.org/W2123407642","https://openalex.org/W2123845384","https://openalex.org/W2125962012","https://openalex.org/W2127264212","https://openalex.org/W2128305971","https://openalex.org/W2128945468","https://openalex.org/W2129250483","https://openalex.org/W2129799385","https://openalex.org/W2132874238","https://openalex.org/W2133703293","https://openalex.org/W2134414769","https://openalex.org/W2138644293","https://openalex.org/W2139978474","https://openalex.org/W2140430159","https://openalex.org/W2142276227","https://openalex.org/W2143634555","https://openalex.org/W2144270983","https://openalex.org/W2145056020","https://openalex.org/W2145748623","https://openalex.org/W2146659255","https://openalex.org/W2146829582","https://openalex.org/W2146871823","https://openalex.org/W2148484595","https://openalex.org/W2149712981","https://openalex.org/W2150228605","https://openalex.org/W2150795982","https://openalex.org/W2151114655","https://openalex.org/W2152725350","https://openalex.org/W2152987130","https://openalex.org/W2154201675","https://openalex.org/W2156637201","https://openalex.org/W2157697679","https://openalex.org/W2158295279","https://openalex.org/W2159264385","https://openalex.org/W2159642183","https://openalex.org/W2160983754","https://openalex.org/W2161463939","https://openalex.org/W2162382458","https://openalex.org/W2163164637","https://openalex.org/W2164873076","https://openalex.org/W2165431734","https://openalex.org/W2166183437","https://openalex.org/W2166462894","https://openalex.org/W2166604284","https://openalex.org/W2167135271","https://openalex.org/W2170771030","https://openalex.org/W2174805484","https://openalex.org/W2182674213","https://openalex.org/W2214005548","https://openalex.org/W2268047021","https://openalex.org/W2290595649","https://openalex.org/W2308529465","https://openalex.org/W2335888457","https://openalex.org/W2338425439","https://openalex.org/W2340746501","https://openalex.org/W2343564355","https://openalex.org/W2498543205","https://openalex.org/W2499992471","https://openalex.org/W2512147349","https://openalex.org/W2612341273","https://openalex.org/W2613540436","https://openalex.org/W2800873970","https://openalex.org/W2886249207","https://openalex.org/W2892140408","https://openalex.org/W2912780347","https://openalex.org/W3091830901","https://openalex.org/W3099005193","https://openalex.org/W3146003712","https://openalex.org/W4244337174"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3041111517","https://openalex.org/W2891818156","https://openalex.org/W2790746641","https://openalex.org/W7128903281","https://openalex.org/W2977607695","https://openalex.org/W2950901040","https://openalex.org/W2488334223","https://openalex.org/W7221337780","https://openalex.org/W1533307491","https://openalex.org/W2983955849"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],":":[1],"Spear":[2],"phishing":[3,46,92,119],"involves":[4],"the":[5,19,38,69,78,87,96,104,125,130,133,167,172],"use":[6],"of":[7,22,27,41,71,86,117,129,132,174],"social":[8],"engineering":[9],"and":[10,52,58,62,188],"contextual":[11],"information":[12,24],"to":[13,54,80,99,102,123,170,178,184,195],"entice":[14],"a":[15,82,90,138,140,153],"targeted":[16],"victim":[17],"into":[18],"unwitting":[20],"leakage":[21],"sensitive":[23],"for":[25,191],"purposes":[26],"identity":[28,126],"crime":[29],"or":[30,127,143],"espionage.":[31],"The":[32],"high":[33],"success":[34],"rate":[35],"together":[36],"with":[37],"potential":[39],"scale":[40],"damage":[42],"caused":[43],"by":[44],"spear":[45,66,91,105,118,179],"attacks":[47],"has":[48,84],"motivated":[49],"cyber":[50],"researchers":[51],"practitioners":[53],"investigate":[55],"more":[56],"effective":[57],"strategic":[59],"defensive,":[60],"deterrent,":[61],"offensive":[63],"mechanisms":[64],"against":[65],"phishers.":[67],"Obviously,":[68],"practicability":[70],"any":[72,121],"such":[73],"defence":[74],"mechanism":[75],"depends":[76],"on":[77],"extent":[79],"which":[81,135],"defender":[83],"knowledge":[85],"adversary":[88],"behind":[89],"attack.":[93],"This":[94,157],"necessitates":[95],"defending":[97],"party":[98],"perform":[100,196],"attribution":[101,116,150,175,198],"identify":[103],"phisher":[106],"and/or":[107],"his/her":[108],"accomplices.":[109],"In":[110],"this":[111,149,164,197],"survey,":[112],"I":[113],"broadly":[114],"define":[115],"as":[120,181,183],"attempt":[122],"infer":[124],"characteristics":[128],"source":[131],"attack,":[134],"may":[136],"include":[137],"machine,":[139],"human":[141],"individual,":[142],"an":[144,160,192],"organization.":[145],"Though":[146],"highly":[147],"desirable,":[148],"mission":[151],"is":[152],"very":[154],"challenging":[155],"task.":[156],"survey":[158,168],"represents":[159],"initial":[161],"step":[162],"in":[163],"direction.":[165],"Ultimately,":[166],"aims":[169],"sketch":[171],"landscape":[173],"methods":[176],"pertaining":[177],"phishing,":[180],"well":[182],"provide":[185],"constructive":[186],"remarks":[187],"relevant":[189],"recommendations":[190],"organization":[193],"wishing":[194],"mission.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
