{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2930177221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05075-7_16","title":"Life Expectancy Convergence Among Nations Since 1820: Separating the Effects of Technology and Income","display_name":"Life Expectancy Convergence Among Nations Since 1820: Separating the Effects of Technology and Income","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2930177221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05075-7_16","mag":"2930177221"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-05075-7_16","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05075-7_16","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05075-7_16","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-030-05075-7_16.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210186390","display_name":"Demographic research monographs","issn_l":"1613-5520","issn":["1613-5520","2197-9286"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Demographic Research Monographs","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4248244623","display_name":"Old and New Perspectives on Mortality Forecasting"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-030-05075-7_16.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110812036","display_name":"Jim Oeppen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120395","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/02jgyam08","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210120395"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jim Oeppen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120395"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110812036"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120395"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.8071,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98811904,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"197","last_page":"219"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12011","display_name":"Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management","score":0.4706999957561493,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12011","display_name":"Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management","score":0.4706999957561493,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12781","display_name":"Global Health Care Issues","score":0.17489999532699585,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.1737000048160553,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/life-expectancy","display_name":"life expectancy","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"convergence","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technological-change","display_name":"technological change","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/income","display_name":"income","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/historical-demography","display_name":"historical demography","score":0.5989999771118164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133925201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188419","display_name":"Life expectancy","level":3,"score":0.8827413320541382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5541080832481384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5393931269645691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.5089921951293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151201525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5003230571746826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4238452911376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.38739606738090515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.319305419921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.262608140707016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2532801628112793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.18078145384788513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-05075-7_16","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05075-7_16","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05075-7_16","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-030-05075-7_16.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210186390","display_name":"Demographic research monographs","issn_l":"1613-5520","issn":["1613-5520","2197-9286"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Demographic Research Monographs","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-030-05075-7_16","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05075-7_16","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05075-7_16","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-030-05075-7_16.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210186390","display_name":"Demographic research monographs","issn_l":"1613-5520","issn":["1613-5520","2197-9286"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Demographic Research Monographs","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2930177221.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2930177221.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1493855268","https://openalex.org/W1500864630","https://openalex.org/W1514533495","https://openalex.org/W1520811918","https://openalex.org/W1521542335","https://openalex.org/W1544616941","https://openalex.org/W1558177242","https://openalex.org/W1564305378","https://openalex.org/W1588563877","https://openalex.org/W1592263067","https://openalex.org/W1600936475","https://openalex.org/W1606617100","https://openalex.org/W1988162241","https://openalex.org/W1992109042","https://openalex.org/W1999505698","https://openalex.org/W2015613383","https://openalex.org/W2041780370","https://openalex.org/W2046715695","https://openalex.org/W2057465112","https://openalex.org/W2070706581","https://openalex.org/W2087161045","https://openalex.org/W2121275356","https://openalex.org/W2292234795","https://openalex.org/W2317144626","https://openalex.org/W2330242242","https://openalex.org/W2891947463","https://openalex.org/W2903845906","https://openalex.org/W3022732902","https://openalex.org/W4253802706","https://openalex.org/W4286779346","https://openalex.org/W4300157606","https://openalex.org/W6632517864","https://openalex.org/W6633494109","https://openalex.org/W6774907774","https://openalex.org/W7039379112","https://openalex.org/W7043959962"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1997001103","https://openalex.org/W1987347600","https://openalex.org/W2119151408","https://openalex.org/W2601260580","https://openalex.org/W2924184547","https://openalex.org/W2032467890","https://openalex.org/W2935109849","https://openalex.org/W2046691975","https://openalex.org/W2528628699","https://openalex.org/W2025508240"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Figure":[0],"16.1":[1],"shows":[2],"some":[3],"details":[4],"of":[5,9,50,61,77,87,117],"the":[6,18,30,58,62,66,78,92,105,118,124,129],"probable":[7],"trajectories":[8],"limits":[10],"and":[11,71,100],"convergence":[12],"for":[13,132],"average":[14,36,84],"life":[15,37,85,120],"expectancy":[16,38,86],"over":[17],"past":[19],"four":[20],"centuries.":[21],"The":[22,74],"curved":[23],"line":[24],"is":[25,80,126],"an":[26,53,83],"attempt":[27],"to":[28,57,90,128],"define":[29],"upper":[31,55,130],"bound,":[32],"or":[33],"\u201cbest":[34],"practice\u201d,":[35],"that":[39,95],"could":[40,98],"be":[41,102],"achieved":[42],"at":[43,82],"any":[44],"one":[45,116],"time.":[46],"We":[47],"can":[48],"think":[49],"this":[51],"as":[52],"evolving":[54],"bound":[56],"\u201ctechnophysio\u201d":[59],"evolution":[60],"human":[63],"population,":[64],"in":[65,104],"sense":[67],"proposed":[68],"by":[69,123],"Fogel":[70],"Costa":[72],"(1997).":[73],"bottom":[75],"limit":[76,131],"graph":[79],"drawn":[81],"22.5":[88],"years,":[89],"approximate":[91],"lowest":[93,119],"level":[94],"a":[96,110,133],"population":[97],"experience":[99],"still":[101],"viable":[103],"long":[106],"term.":[107],"Today,":[108],"even":[109],"country":[111],"like":[112],"Sierra":[113],"Leone,":[114],"with":[115],"expectancies":[121],"recorded":[122],"U.N.,":[125],"close":[127],"pre-1800":[134],"population.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2019-04-11T00:00:00"}
