{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2928325404","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1904.01628","title":"Identification, Interpretability, and Bayesian Word Embeddings","display_name":"Identification, Interpretability, and Bayesian Word Embeddings","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2928325404","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1904.01628","mag":"2928325404"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1904.01628","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1904.01628","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1904.01628","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1904.01628","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083366269","display_name":"Adam Lauretig","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lauretig, Adam M.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ohio State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ohio State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083366269"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13910","display_name":"Computational and Text Analysis Methods","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3300","display_name":"General Social Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13910","display_name":"Computational and Text Analysis Methods","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3300","display_name":"General Social Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.012500000186264515,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-relevance-determination","display_name":"automatic relevance determination","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latent-variable-modeling","display_name":"latent variable models","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"interpretability","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"identification","score":0.38999998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-analysis","display_name":"text analysis","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ideology","display_name":"ideology","score":0.4440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inaugural-address","display_name":"inaugural address","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bellicosity","display_name":"bellicosity","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cheap-talk","display_name":"cheap talk","score":0.5590000152587891}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.95928955078125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6955244541168213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.6654489636421204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6565137505531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5450906157493591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5246893763542175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5095720291137695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.35016006231307983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.25049498677253723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.08998134732246399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0651477575302124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1904.01628","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1904.01628","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1904.01628","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1904.01628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1904.01628","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1904.01628","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1904.01628","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1904.01628","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1904.01628","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1028021062","https://openalex.org/W1505278626","https://openalex.org/W1519390571","https://openalex.org/W1662133657","https://openalex.org/W1880262756","https://openalex.org/W2036174388","https://openalex.org/W2043230128","https://openalex.org/W2089486804","https://openalex.org/W2091571775","https://openalex.org/W2095655043","https://openalex.org/W2119290332","https://openalex.org/W2120340025","https://openalex.org/W2125917466","https://openalex.org/W2136669557","https://openalex.org/W2139803266","https://openalex.org/W2141599568","https://openalex.org/W2153383412","https://openalex.org/W2153579005","https://openalex.org/W2166851633","https://openalex.org/W2188945537","https://openalex.org/W2306119308","https://openalex.org/W2475611006","https://openalex.org/W2487876001","https://openalex.org/W2513458147","https://openalex.org/W2567097689","https://openalex.org/W2568636341","https://openalex.org/W2767262701","https://openalex.org/W2769358515","https://openalex.org/W2769563773","https://openalex.org/W2771842778","https://openalex.org/W2781567951","https://openalex.org/W2794635328","https://openalex.org/W2805797511","https://openalex.org/W2892046289","https://openalex.org/W2893425640","https://openalex.org/W2895553377","https://openalex.org/W2902652978","https://openalex.org/W2963780471","https://openalex.org/W2964106018","https://openalex.org/W3126137568","https://openalex.org/W6977390765"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2964163176","https://openalex.org/W4317434765","https://openalex.org/W2971519569","https://openalex.org/W2619688110","https://openalex.org/W3018017520","https://openalex.org/W4286792058","https://openalex.org/W2928636135","https://openalex.org/W2797669327","https://openalex.org/W3159574466","https://openalex.org/W6948786575"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Social":[0],"scientists":[1],"have":[2,78],"recently":[3],"turned":[4],"to":[5,17,30,37,56,89,116],"analyzing":[6],"text":[7],"using":[8],"tools":[9],"from":[10],"natural":[11],"language":[12],"processing":[13],"like":[14,20],"word":[15,26],"embeddings":[16,27,40],"measure":[18],"concepts":[19],"ideology,":[21],"bias,":[22],"and":[23,99,103,113,130,157,183],"affinity.":[24],"However,":[25],"are":[28,41,42,179],"difficult":[29],"use":[31],"in":[32,105,121,124,135,161,168],"the":[33,72,91,94,119,125,131,154,172,186,189],"regression":[34],"framework":[35],"familiar":[36],"social":[38],"scientists:":[39],"neither":[43],"identified,":[44],"nor":[45],"directly":[46],"interpretable.":[47],"I":[48,61,82,108,141],"offer":[49],"two":[50,117],"advances":[51],"on":[52],"standard":[53],"embedding":[54,76],"models":[55,88],"remedy":[57],"these":[58],"problems.":[59],"First,":[60],"develop":[62],"Bayesian":[63],"Word":[64],"Embeddings":[65],"with":[66,165],"Automatic":[67],"Relevance":[68],"Determination":[69],"priors,":[70],"relaxing":[71],"assumption":[73],"that":[74,143,158,176],"all":[75],"dimensions":[77,92],"equal":[79],"weight.":[80],"Second,":[81],"apply":[83,110],"work":[84],"identifying":[85,97],"latent":[86],"variable":[87],"anchor":[90],"of":[93,188],"resulting":[95],"embeddings,":[96],"them,":[98],"making":[100],"them":[101],"interpretable":[102],"usable":[104],"a":[106],"regression.":[107],"then":[109],"this":[111],"model":[112],"anchoring":[114],"approach":[115],"cases,":[118],"shift":[120],"internationalist":[122,148],"rhetoric":[123],"American":[126,136],"presidents'":[127],"inaugural":[128,144],"addresses,":[129],"relationship":[132],"between":[133],"bellicosity":[134,162],"foreign":[137],"policy":[138],"decision-makers'":[139],"deliberations.":[140],"find":[142],"addresses":[145],"became":[146],"less":[147],"after":[149],"1945,":[150],"which":[151],"goes":[152],"against":[153],"conventional":[155],"wisdom,":[156],"an":[159,166],"increase":[160,167],"is":[163],"associated":[164],"hostile":[169],"actions":[170],"by":[171],"United":[173],"States,":[174],"showing":[175],"elite":[177],"deliberations":[178],"not":[180],"cheap":[181],"talk,":[182],"helping":[184],"confirm":[185],"validity":[187],"model.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2019-04-11T00:00:00"}