{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2925322802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1167/1/012035","title":"Free Fatty Acid Reduction in a Waste Cooking Oil as a Raw Material for Biodiesel with Activated Coal Ash Adsorbent","display_name":"Free Fatty Acid Reduction in a Waste Cooking Oil as a Raw Material for Biodiesel with Activated Coal Ash Adsorbent","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2925322802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1167/1/012035","mag":"2925322802"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1167/1/012035","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1167/1/012035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1167/1/012035","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1167/1/012035/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210187594","display_name":"Journal of Physics Conference Series","issn_l":"1742-6588","issn":["1742-6588","1742-6596"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Physics: Conference Series","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1167/1/012035/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068314559","display_name":"Endang Susilowati","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012587","display_name":"Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya","ror":"https://ror.org/01v4gk171","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391012587"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Endang Susilowati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Master of Renewable Energy Engineering, State Polytechnic Sriwijaya, St. Srijaya Negara, Palembang, 30139, Indonesian"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Master of Renewable Energy Engineering, State Polytechnic Sriwijaya, St. Srijaya Negara, Palembang, 30139, Indonesian","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391012587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042708868","display_name":"Abu Hasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4932-5581","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4932-5581"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012587","display_name":"Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya","ror":"https://ror.org/01v4gk171","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391012587"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abu Hasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Master of Renewable Energy Engineering, State Polytechnic Sriwijaya, St. Srijaya Negara, Palembang, 30139, Indonesian"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Master of Renewable Energy Engineering, State Polytechnic Sriwijaya, St. Srijaya Negara, Palembang, 30139, Indonesian","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391012587"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028121816","display_name":"Aida Syarif","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9326-2914","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9326-2914"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012587","display_name":"Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya","ror":"https://ror.org/01v4gk171","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391012587"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aida Syarif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Master of Renewable Energy Engineering, State Polytechnic Sriwijaya, St. Srijaya Negara, Palembang, 30139, Indonesian"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Master of Renewable Energy Engineering, State Polytechnic Sriwijaya, St. Srijaya Negara, Palembang, 30139, Indonesian","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391012587"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068314559"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391012587"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2965,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73420603,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"1167","issue":null,"first_page":"012035","last_page":"012035"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10507","display_name":"Biodiesel Production and Applications","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10507","display_name":"Biodiesel Production and Applications","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11351","display_name":"Catalysis and Hydrodesulfurization Studies","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1503","display_name":"Catalysis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10088","display_name":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-fatty-acid-reduction","display_name":"free fatty acid reduction","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waste-cooking-oil","display_name":"waste cooking oil","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biodiesel","display_name":"biodiesel","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adsorbents","display_name":"adsorbents","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-induced-breakdown-spectroscopy","display_name":"laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coal-ash","display_name":"coal ash","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mineral-phase-transitions","display_name":"mineral transformation","score":0.7630000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518851703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24489","display_name":"Coal","level":2,"score":0.6415715217590332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52896960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167947","display_name":"Biodiesel","level":3,"score":0.6281641721725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.6246283054351807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.6093547940254211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150394285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180254","display_name":"Adsorption","level":2,"score":0.5728102922439575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5548059344291687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206139338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192355","display_name":"Raw material","level":2,"score":0.5481019020080566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4779006242752075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171534860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655870","display_name":"Environmentally friendly","level":2,"score":0.4594190716743469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777241282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q591576","display_name":"Transesterification","level":3,"score":0.4554365277290344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87343466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q236139","display_name":"Fly ash","level":2,"score":0.4346766471862793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.2807869613170624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.22567248344421387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08042871952056885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.06239527463912964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1167/1/012035","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1167/1/012035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1167/1/012035","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1167/1/012035/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210187594","display_name":"Journal of Physics Conference Series","issn_l":"1742-6588","issn":["1742-6588","1742-6596"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Physics: Conference Series","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1167/1/012035","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1167/1/012035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1167/1/012035","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1167/1/012035/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210187594","display_name":"Journal of Physics Conference Series","issn_l":"1742-6588","issn":["1742-6588","1742-6596"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Physics: Conference Series","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9853000044822693},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.5351999998092651}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2925322802.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2925322802.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1546100370","https://openalex.org/W1622903858","https://openalex.org/W2017503169","https://openalex.org/W2344243703","https://openalex.org/W2511390972","https://openalex.org/W2896424818","https://openalex.org/W2896814415","https://openalex.org/W2916053254","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4238604245","https://openalex.org/W2564191225","https://openalex.org/W4231844739","https://openalex.org/W4249328118","https://openalex.org/W4256358441","https://openalex.org/W4253809207","https://openalex.org/W4251053554","https://openalex.org/W2318060897","https://openalex.org/W4233760737","https://openalex.org/W6980529910"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,212],"development":[1],"of":[2,18,25,30,49,85,98,156,160,221,224,237,255,261],"globalization":[3],"era":[4],"which":[5],"was":[6,149,195,207],"followed":[7],"by":[8,245],"industry":[9],"and":[10,13,28,60,112,180,203,228,258],"the":[11,15,50,69,83,88,96,183,186,189,235,248],"economy":[12],"also":[14],"increasing":[16],"number":[17],"people":[19],"caused":[20],"an":[21,128],"increase":[22],"in":[23,41,82,151,241,247],"amount":[24],"energy":[26,39,46,52],"consumption":[27],"issues":[29],"environmental":[31],"problems.":[32],"Therefore,":[33],"further":[34],"research":[35,148],"is":[36,63,72,91,95,125,175,215],"needed":[37],"on":[38],"conservation":[40],"order":[42],"to":[43,76,130],"reduce":[44,234],"non-renewable":[45],"consumption.":[47],"One":[48],"alternative":[51],"source":[53],"that":[54],"can":[55,233],"be":[56],"used":[57,119,126,242],"as":[58,115,127,182],"fuel":[59],"environmentally":[61],"friendly":[62],"biodiesel.":[64,122],"Biodiesel":[65],"through":[66],"two":[67],"stages,":[68,153],"first":[70],"one":[71,90],"esterification":[73],"process":[74,214,250],"aims":[75],"convert":[77],"fatty":[78,133,164,239],"acids":[79,134,240],"from":[80],"triglycerides":[81,99],"form":[84],"esters.":[86,105],"And":[87],"second":[89],"transesterification":[92],"process.":[93,172],"It":[94],"conversion":[97],"or":[100],"vegetable":[101],"oils":[102],"into":[103],"alkyl":[104],"In":[106],"this":[107],"study":[108],"coal":[109,140,157,161,191],"ash":[110,124,141,174,192,232],"waste":[111,168],"cooking":[113,137,169,243],"oil":[114,138,170,244],"raw":[116],"material":[117],"are":[118],"for":[120],"making":[121],"Coal":[123,173,231],"adsorbent":[129],"bind":[131],"free":[132,163,238],"(FFA)":[135],"toward":[136],"because":[139],"has":[142],"a":[143,219,252,259],"high":[144],"silica":[145],"content.":[146],"This":[147],"conducted":[150],"several":[152],"namely":[154],"activation":[155,187],"ash,":[158,162],"characteristics":[159],"acid":[165],"test":[166],"(FFA),":[167],"adsorption":[171,213,249],"activated":[176],"physically":[177],"with":[178,218,251],"time":[179,202,253],"temperature":[181,206,260],"variabels.":[184],"From":[185],"process,":[188],"best":[190],"iodine":[193],"value":[194],"obtained":[196],"at":[197],"60":[198,256],"minutes":[199,257],"warm":[200],"up":[201],"140":[204],"\u00b0C":[205],"682,173":[208],"mg":[209],"/":[210],"g.":[211],"carried":[216],"out":[217],"period":[220],"1":[222],"gram":[223],"adsorbent,":[225],"2":[226],"grams,":[227],"3":[229],"grams.":[230],"levels":[236],"87.44%":[246],"variable":[254],"150\u00b0C.":[262]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2019-04-01T00:00:00"}
