{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2925019697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20191323","title":"Evaluation of risk factors for lower extremity amputation in diabetic foot ulcer: a hospital based observational study in Northern India","display_name":"Evaluation of risk factors for lower extremity amputation in diabetic foot ulcer: a hospital based observational study in Northern India","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2925019697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20191323","mag":"2925019697"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20191323","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20191323","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20191323","pdf_url":"https://www.msjonline.org/index.php/ijrms/article/download/5858/4606","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764440867","display_name":"International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","issn_l":"2320-6012","issn":["2320-6012","2320-6071"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322697004","host_organization_name":"Medip Academy","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322697004"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medip Academy"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.msjonline.org/index.php/ijrms/article/download/5858/4606","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090509634","display_name":"Bhavkaran Singh Bal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405266329","display_name":"Sri Guru Ram Das University of Health Sciences Sri Amritsar","ror":"https://ror.org/025jjtj85","country_code":"IN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405266329"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bhavkaran Singh Bal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopedics, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopedics, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266329"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048199849","display_name":"Gagan Khanna","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405266329","display_name":"Sri Guru Ram Das University of Health Sciences Sri Amritsar","ror":"https://ror.org/025jjtj85","country_code":"IN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405266329"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gagan Khanna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopedics, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopedics, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266329"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004353607","display_name":"Aditya Bhardwaj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2319-9633","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2319-9633"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405266329","display_name":"Sri Guru Ram Das University of Health Sciences Sri Amritsar","ror":"https://ror.org/025jjtj85","country_code":"IN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405266329"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aditya Bhardwaj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopedics, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopedics, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266329"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101398042","display_name":"Kamalpreet Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2998-0044","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2998-0044"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405266329","display_name":"Sri Guru Ram Das University of Health Sciences Sri Amritsar","ror":"https://ror.org/025jjtj85","country_code":"IN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405266329"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamalpreet Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopedics, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopedics, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266329"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266329"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3953,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67134093,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"4","first_page":"1190","last_page":"1190"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11227","display_name":"Diabetic Foot Ulcer Assessment and Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11227","display_name":"Diabetic Foot Ulcer Assessment and Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12433","display_name":"Skin Diseases and Diabetes","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10926","display_name":"Peripheral Artery Disease Management","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetic-foot-ulcer","display_name":"diabetic foot ulcer","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lower-extremity-amputation","display_name":"lower limb amputation","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-factors","display_name":"risk factors","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wagner-grade","display_name":"Wagner grade","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wound-infection","display_name":"wound infection","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maggot-debridement-therapy","display_name":"maggot debridement therapy","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-duration","display_name":"diabetes duration","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-status","display_name":"socioeconomic status","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-patients","display_name":"rural patients","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foot-hygiene","display_name":"foot hygiene","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-complications","display_name":"diabetes complications","score":0.48399999737739563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9725961685180664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.8042417168617249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777858829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52856","display_name":"Diabetic foot","level":3,"score":0.7354604005813599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776204877","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477415","display_name":"Amputation","level":2,"score":0.7226163148880005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.7172341346740723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778144972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52859","display_name":"Diabetic foot ulcer","level":4,"score":0.6524239778518677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777785397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q492194","display_name":"Group B","level":2,"score":0.6215144395828247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.5712376236915588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5307433605194092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547646559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162297","display_name":"Hygiene","level":2,"score":0.4640682339668274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188816634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113324","display_name":"Prospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.44805383682250977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780678043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q743241","display_name":"Group A","level":2,"score":0.4449371099472046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.43964913487434387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.4370481073856354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115076146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1651051","display_name":"Foot (prosody)","level":2,"score":0.4189738631248474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.08656933903694153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.07166028022766113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.05977627635002136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20191323","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20191323","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20191323","pdf_url":"https://www.msjonline.org/index.php/ijrms/article/download/5858/4606","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764440867","display_name":"International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","issn_l":"2320-6012","issn":["2320-6012","2320-6071"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322697004","host_organization_name":"Medip Academy","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322697004"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medip Academy"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20191323","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20191323","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20191323","pdf_url":"https://www.msjonline.org/index.php/ijrms/article/download/5858/4606","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764440867","display_name":"International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","issn_l":"2320-6012","issn":["2320-6012","2320-6071"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322697004","host_organization_name":"Medip Academy","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322697004"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medip Academy"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2925019697.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2925019697.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1828496921","https://openalex.org/W1892066952","https://openalex.org/W1975248655","https://openalex.org/W2009960018","https://openalex.org/W2021031710","https://openalex.org/W2023336926","https://openalex.org/W2023658701","https://openalex.org/W2042794249","https://openalex.org/W2045354183","https://openalex.org/W2073266067","https://openalex.org/W2090943350","https://openalex.org/W2096965060","https://openalex.org/W2098285059","https://openalex.org/W2101004085","https://openalex.org/W2109993527","https://openalex.org/W2131226296","https://openalex.org/W2132770104","https://openalex.org/W2170466541","https://openalex.org/W2193709722","https://openalex.org/W2342869162","https://openalex.org/W2396943665","https://openalex.org/W2424584346","https://openalex.org/W2558837239","https://openalex.org/W2626354203","https://openalex.org/W2748469383","https://openalex.org/W2789596986","https://openalex.org/W2791011305","https://openalex.org/W3030405950"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4362519983","https://openalex.org/W4400341819","https://openalex.org/W3134905278","https://openalex.org/W6892779291","https://openalex.org/W2748469383","https://openalex.org/W2949138834","https://openalex.org/W3044042857","https://openalex.org/W4377220060","https://openalex.org/W2090943350","https://openalex.org/W4409650876"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"The":[1,74],"present":[2],"prospective":[3],"observational":[4],"study":[5],"was":[6,66,110,125],"done":[7],"to":[8,14,134],"analyse":[9],"the":[10,47,131],"risk":[11],"factors":[12],"leading":[13],"minor":[15,40],"or":[16],"major":[17,42],"lower":[18,56],"extremity":[19],"amputation":[20],"(LEA)":[21],"in":[22,49,69,88,92,104,112],"diabetic":[23,141],"patients.Methods:":[24],"A":[25,32,94],"139":[26],"patients":[27,48,77,142],"were":[28,52,85,101,117],"divided":[29],"into":[30],"Group":[31,35],"(n=113)":[33],"and":[34,41,55,63,82,99,154],"B":[36,51,71,90,106],"(n=26)":[37],"who":[38],"underwent":[39],"LEA":[43,135],"respectively.Results:":[44],"Majority":[45],"of":[46,60,64,76,144,152],"group":[50,70,89,93,105,113],"from":[53],"rural":[54],"socioeconomic":[57],"background.":[58],"Duration":[59],"diabetes":[61,153],"(p=0.017)":[62],"DFU":[65],"significantly":[67,86,102],"longer":[68],"(P":[72,95],"<0.001)":[73,96],"pro-portion":[75],"with":[78],"Wagner":[79],"Grade":[80],"4":[81],"5":[83],"ulcer":[84],"higher":[87,103,111],"than":[91],"Wound":[97],"infection":[98,109],"maggots":[100],"though":[107],"polymicrobial":[108],"A.":[114],"Biochemical":[115],"investigations":[116],"abnormally":[118],"altered":[119],"but":[120],"difference":[121],"between":[122],"two":[123],"groups":[124],"not":[126],"significant.Conclusions:":[127],"Socioeconomic":[128],"burden":[129],"on":[130],"society":[132],"due":[133],"can":[136],"be":[137],"reduced":[138],"by":[139],"making":[140],"aware":[143],"foot":[145],"hygiene,":[146],"regular":[147],"medical":[148],"check-up":[149],"for":[150],"control":[151],"associated":[155],"complications.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2019-04-01T00:00:00"}
