{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2922493380","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su11061609","title":"Vitalizing Rural Communities: China\u2019s Rural Entrepreneurial Activities from Perspective of Mixed Embeddedness","display_name":"Vitalizing Rural Communities: China\u2019s Rural Entrepreneurial Activities from Perspective of Mixed Embeddedness","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2922493380","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su11061609","mag":"2922493380"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su11061609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su11061609","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su11061609","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/6/1609/pdf?version=1552804552","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/6/1609/pdf?version=1552804552","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008259067","display_name":"Huasheng Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6976-5349","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6976-5349"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huasheng Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Remote Sensing and Digital City, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6976-5349","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Remote Sensing and Digital City, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yawei Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yawei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070033719","display_name":"Kebi Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kebi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008259067"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"],"apc_list":{"value":1700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1722},"apc_paid":{"value":1700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1722},"fwci":1.6819,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88182498,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"6","first_page":"1609","last_page":"1609"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.725600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.725600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12098","display_name":"Rural development and sustainability","score":0.08709999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10367","display_name":"Agricultural Innovations and Practices","score":0.04910000041127205,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-entrepreneurship","display_name":"rural entrepreneurship","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/farmer-entrepreneurship","display_name":"farmer entrepreneurship","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixed-embeddedness","display_name":"mixed embeddedness","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-communities","display_name":"rural communities","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/informal-institutions","display_name":"informal institutions","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-institutions","display_name":"formal institutions","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-networks","display_name":"social networks","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kinship-ties","display_name":"kinship ties","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neighborhood-relationships","display_name":"neighborhood relationships","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weak-ties","display_name":"weak ties","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-mobility","display_name":"human mobility","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-economic-development","display_name":"rural economic development","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.38999998569488525}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63063934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1079747","display_name":"Embeddedness","level":2,"score":0.7708187699317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84309077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3908516","display_name":"Entrepreneurship","level":2,"score":0.7469838261604309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.6427202820777893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144348335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171318","display_name":"Kinship","level":2,"score":0.6324741244316101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557418111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1393258","display_name":"Rural economics","level":4,"score":0.5587993860244751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.5577610731124878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779829227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7936872","display_name":"Vitality","level":2,"score":0.5379348993301392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.5319932699203491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199509603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7380580","display_name":"Rural history","level":3,"score":0.5173704028129578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86627976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396246","display_name":"Rural sociology","level":4,"score":0.47828349471092224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.44789159297943115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.4321085512638092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129047720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175185","display_name":"Rural area","level":2,"score":0.4207615852355957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4198800027370453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.22779545187950134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.20776954293251038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.20363745093345642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.17145612835884094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988676352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3773637","display_name":"Rural development","level":3,"score":0.17036479711532593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.15870052576065063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/su11061609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su11061609","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su11061609","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/6/1609/pdf?version=1552804552","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:6:p:1609-:d:214619","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/6/1609/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:57237b7e17804d9990ac0f1158cbb78e","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/57237b7e17804d9990ac0f1158cbb78e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability, Vol 11, Iss 6, p 1609 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su11061609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su11061609","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su11061609","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/6/1609/pdf?version=1552804552","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty","score":0.8928999900817871}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.5099999904632568}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3988480358","display_name":"\u96c6\u7fa4\u60c5\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u52a1\u5de5\u4eba\u5458\u5f02\u5730\u521b\u4e1a\u7814\u7a76\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5730\u7406\u5b66\u89c6\u89d2","funder_award_id":"41171098","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7176217942","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFA0603602","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2922493380.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2922493380.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":77,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W125167054","https://openalex.org/W214243546","https://openalex.org/W1485117040","https://openalex.org/W1520131621","https://openalex.org/W1543010309","https://openalex.org/W1560520684","https://openalex.org/W1570666886","https://openalex.org/W1596169349","https://openalex.org/W1607103466","https://openalex.org/W1627817523","https://openalex.org/W1911548306","https://openalex.org/W1945495963","https://openalex.org/W1967839191","https://openalex.org/W1979132028","https://openalex.org/W1987441109","https://openalex.org/W1995660964","https://openalex.org/W2017360289","https://openalex.org/W2018297453","https://openalex.org/W2019755392","https://openalex.org/W2020366129","https://openalex.org/W2022356020","https://openalex.org/W2034230396","https://openalex.org/W2035668434","https://openalex.org/W2044918907","https://openalex.org/W2048253281","https://openalex.org/W2048373824","https://openalex.org/W2050478309","https://openalex.org/W2059819913","https://openalex.org/W2060338240","https://openalex.org/W2061596838","https://openalex.org/W2069953605","https://openalex.org/W2073104443","https://openalex.org/W2076865411","https://openalex.org/W2079334323","https://openalex.org/W2085927518","https://openalex.org/W2087601651","https://openalex.org/W2089589291","https://openalex.org/W2090439535","https://openalex.org/W2100055971","https://openalex.org/W2102385576","https://openalex.org/W2105137396","https://openalex.org/W2107929326","https://openalex.org/W2108982108","https://openalex.org/W2109399092","https://openalex.org/W2109469951","https://openalex.org/W2109819230","https://openalex.org/W2111128338","https://openalex.org/W2119583085","https://openalex.org/W2125699157","https://openalex.org/W2131580354","https://openalex.org/W2138225860","https://openalex.org/W2157524111","https://openalex.org/W2160339996","https://openalex.org/W2283876150","https://openalex.org/W2315732526","https://openalex.org/W2328411461","https://openalex.org/W2366190746","https://openalex.org/W2530935696","https://openalex.org/W2542853678","https://openalex.org/W2600657577","https://openalex.org/W2764208326","https://openalex.org/W2768986047","https://openalex.org/W2775521037","https://openalex.org/W2809597265","https://openalex.org/W2811172563","https://openalex.org/W2883450480","https://openalex.org/W2886369069","https://openalex.org/W2886625906","https://openalex.org/W2891377855","https://openalex.org/W2916937572","https://openalex.org/W3022339544","https://openalex.org/W3122085914","https://openalex.org/W3122475233","https://openalex.org/W3125262783","https://openalex.org/W3194467141","https://openalex.org/W6665302933","https://openalex.org/W6944027323"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4401455747","https://openalex.org/W4399549105","https://openalex.org/W2912373070","https://openalex.org/W4415685292","https://openalex.org/W4399740947","https://openalex.org/W4411141101","https://openalex.org/W4384274233","https://openalex.org/W4404047936","https://openalex.org/W7134930812","https://openalex.org/W1528806609"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rural":[0],"entrepreneurial":[1],"activities":[2],"play":[3,182],"an":[4,25],"important":[5,150],"role":[6,187],"in":[7,27,55,59,110,145,188],"the":[8,14,28,44,53,63,70,73,90,142,158],"development":[9],"of":[10,16,31,65,72,92,98],"rural":[11,17,57,99,111,146,155,180],"economies":[12,58],"and":[13,19,33,52,68,95,128,137,161,163],"vitality":[15],"areas,":[18],"they":[20],"can":[21],"also":[22],"contribute":[23],"to":[24,88,170],"increase":[26],"employment":[29],"opportunities":[30],"farmers":[32],"environmental":[34],"sustainability":[35],"during":[36],"China\u2019s":[37],"transitional":[38],"period.":[39],"As":[40],"a":[41,82,183],"local":[42,50,189],"organization,":[43],"community":[45],"connects":[46],"individuals,":[47],"collective":[48],"agencies,":[49],"authorities,":[51],"market":[54],"reforming":[56],"China.":[60],"Based":[61],"on":[62,69,101,118,141],"concepts":[64],"mixed":[66],"embeddedness":[67],"database":[71],"China":[74],"Family":[75],"Panel":[76],"Studies":[77],"(CFPS),":[78],"this":[79],"paper":[80],"uses":[81],"binary":[83],"logistic":[84],"regression":[85],"(BLR)":[86],"model":[87],"analyze":[89],"impact":[91,117],"social,":[93],"institutional,":[94],"economic":[96,127,165],"environments":[97],"communities":[100,112,147,156,181],"entrepreneurship.":[102,153,171,190],"The":[103],"finding":[104],"shows":[105],"that":[106],"informal,":[107],"entrepreneurship-oriented":[108],"institutions":[109],"have":[113],"more":[114,149,185],"significantly":[115],"positive":[116],"farmer":[119,152],"entrepreneurship":[120],"than":[121],"formal":[122],"institutions,":[123],"as":[124,126],"well":[125],"social":[129],"environments.":[130],"Furthermore,":[131],"compared":[132,176],"with":[133,177],"kinship,":[134],"neighborhood":[135],"relationships":[136],"weak":[138],"ties":[139],"based":[140],"population":[143],"mobility":[144],"are":[148,157,167],"for":[151],"Additionally,":[154],"production":[159],"places":[160],"markets,":[162],"their":[164],"levels":[166],"positively":[168],"related":[169],"Last":[172],"but":[173],"not":[174],"least,":[175],"urban":[178],"communities,":[179],"much":[184],"prominent":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2019-03-22T00:00:00"}