{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2921856589","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291719000400","title":"Metabolic dysfunctions in the kynurenine pathway, noradrenergic and purine metabolism in schizophrenia and bipolar disorders","display_name":"Metabolic dysfunctions in the kynurenine pathway, noradrenergic and purine metabolism in schizophrenia and bipolar disorders","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2921856589","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291719000400","mag":"2921856589","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30867076"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0033291719000400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291719000400","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291719000400","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S71144982","display_name":"Psychological Medicine","issn_l":"0033-2917","issn":["0033-2917","1469-8978"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychological Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1956/22366","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012669547","display_name":"Nils Eiel Steen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6442-1179","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6442-1179"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1281400175","display_name":"Oslo University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00j9c2840","country_code":"NO","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1281400175"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nils Eiel Steen","raw_affiliation_strings":["NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6442-1179","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1281400175","https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013115498","display_name":"Ingrid Dieset","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5451-3176","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5451-3176"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1281400175","display_name":"Oslo University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00j9c2840","country_code":"NO","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1281400175"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ingrid Dieset","raw_affiliation_strings":["NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1281400175","https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021656534","display_name":"Sigrun Hope","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0115-5285","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0115-5285"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1281400175","display_name":"Oslo University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00j9c2840","country_code":"NO","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1281400175"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sigrun Hope","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurohabilitation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway","NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurohabilitation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1281400175"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1281400175","https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034256377","display_name":"Trude Seselie Jahr Vedal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2226-2445","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2226-2445"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1281400175","display_name":"Oslo University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00j9c2840","country_code":"NO","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1281400175"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Trude S.J. Vedal","raw_affiliation_strings":["NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1281400175","https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005956415","display_name":"Olav Bjerkehagen Smeland","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3761-5215","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3761-5215"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1281400175","display_name":"Oslo University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00j9c2840","country_code":"NO","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1281400175"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["NO","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olav B. Smeland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093, USA","NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1281400175","https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108075937","display_name":"Wayne R. Matson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800300635","display_name":"Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/015nymp25","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I2800300635","https://openalex.org/I4210095851"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wayne Matson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bedford VA Medical Center, Bedford, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bedford VA Medical Center, Bedford, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800300635"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025091889","display_name":"Rima Kaddurah\u2010Daouk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1858-5732","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1858-5732"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rima Kaddurah-Daouk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","Duke Institute of Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke Institute of Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016103514","display_name":"Ingrid Agartz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9839-5391","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9839-5391"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1281400175","display_name":"Oslo University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00j9c2840","country_code":"NO","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1281400175"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117451","display_name":"Diakonhjemmet Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02jvh3a15","country_code":"NO","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117451"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ingrid Agartz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway","NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117451"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1281400175","https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038692125","display_name":"Ingrid S. Melle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9783-548X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9783-548X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1281400175","display_name":"Oslo University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00j9c2840","country_code":"NO","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1281400175"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ingrid Melle","raw_affiliation_strings":["NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1281400175","https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052826567","display_name":"Srdjan Djurovic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8140-8061","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8140-8061"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1281400175","display_name":"Oslo University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00j9c2840","country_code":"NO","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1281400175"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4432739","display_name":"University of Bergen","ror":"https://ror.org/03zga2b32","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Srdjan Djurovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway","Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway","NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1281400175"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1281400175","https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008607142","display_name":"Erik Gunnar J\u00f6nsson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8368-6332","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8368-6332"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1281400175","display_name":"Oslo University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00j9c2840","country_code":"NO","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1281400175"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28166907","display_name":"Karolinska Institutet","ror":"https://ror.org/056d84691","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}],"countries":["NO","SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erik G. J\u00f6nsson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden","NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1281400175","https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103442649","display_name":"Mikhail B. Bogdanov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5305-8925","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5305-8925"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mikhail Bogdanov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Weill Medical College, Cornell University, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Weill Medical College, Cornell University, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020215901","display_name":"Ole A. Andreassen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4461-3568","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4461-3568","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6626-1874"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1281400175","display_name":"Oslo University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00j9c2840","country_code":"NO","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1281400175"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ole A. Andreassen","raw_affiliation_strings":["NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1281400175","https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012669547"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1281400175","https://openalex.org/I184942183"],"apc_list":{"value":2980,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2980},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6014,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78931751,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"4","first_page":"595","last_page":"606"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11337","display_name":"Tryptophan and brain disorders","score":0.9643999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2803","display_name":"Biological Psychiatry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11337","display_name":"Tryptophan and brain disorders","score":0.9643999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2803","display_name":"Biological Psychiatry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10023","display_name":"Schizophrenia research and treatment","score":0.03099999949336052,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10836","display_name":"Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kynurenine-pathway","display_name":"kynurenine pathway","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tryptophan-metabolism","display_name":"tryptophan metabolism","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noradrenergic-dysfunction","display_name":"noradrenergic dysfunction","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/purine-metabolism","display_name":"purine metabolism","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schizophrenia","display_name":"schizophrenia","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bipolar-disorder","display_name":"bipolar disorder","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schizophrenia-spectrum-disorders","display_name":"schizophrenia spectrum disorders","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3-hydroxykynurenine","display_name":"3-hydroxykynurenine","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xanthurenic-acid","display_name":"xanthurenic acid","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vanillylmandelic-acid","display_name":"vanillylmandelic acid","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metanephrine","display_name":"metanephrine","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xanthine","display_name":"xanthine","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasma-metabolites","display_name":"plasma metabolites","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolomics","display_name":"metabolomics","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medication-free-patients","display_name":"medication-free patients","score":0.5870000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779089960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901369","display_name":"Vanillylmandelic acid","level":5,"score":0.7946515083312988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776412080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431605","display_name":"Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming)","level":2,"score":0.672283411026001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776174506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131755","display_name":"Bipolar disorder","level":3,"score":0.6678675413131714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779187253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5961262","display_name":"Xanthurenic acid","level":4,"score":0.6462445855140686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776710720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80417","display_name":"Kynurenine pathway","level":5,"score":0.6330341696739197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.6200711131095886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.5007777214050293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776809841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185935","display_name":"Mania","level":4,"score":0.4655066132545471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4645538032054901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777477808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407595","display_name":"Metabolite","level":2,"score":0.46070659160614014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776783082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412766","display_name":"Metanephrine","level":3,"score":0.4574197828769684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777503454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415768","display_name":"Kynurenine","level":4,"score":0.44602999091148376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.3867781460285187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.24377551674842834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780026642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40924","display_name":"Urine","level":2,"score":0.18498829007148743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775841634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903566","display_name":"Homovanillic acid","level":4,"score":0.16313907504081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776706248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181003","display_name":"Tryptophan","level":3,"score":0.1582082211971283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.13043874502182007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775864247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167934","display_name":"Serotonin","level":3,"score":0.10070911049842834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778541603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152763","display_name":"Lithium (medication)","level":2,"score":0.07630518078804016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C515207424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8066","display_name":"Amino acid","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001714","descriptor_name":"Bipolar Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001714","descriptor_name":"Bipolar Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007737","descriptor_name":"Kynurenine","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011618","descriptor_name":"Psychotic Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011618","descriptor_name":"Psychotic Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012559","descriptor_name":"Schizophrenia","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012559","descriptor_name":"Schizophrenia","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014364","descriptor_name":"Tryptophan","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014443","descriptor_name":"Tyrosine","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D053858","descriptor_name":"Metabolic Networks and Pathways","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055432","descriptor_name":"Metabolomics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0033291719000400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291719000400","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291719000400","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S71144982","display_name":"Psychological Medicine","issn_l":"0033-2917","issn":["0033-2917","1469-8978"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychological Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30867076","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30867076","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychological medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:bora.uib.no:1956/22366","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1956/22366","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064446","display_name":"NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Psychological Medicine","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/74823","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10852/74823","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064446","display_name":"NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"0033-2917","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:bora.uib.no:1956/22366","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1956/22366","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064446","display_name":"NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Psychological Medicine","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.98580002784729}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":96,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W100956444","https://openalex.org/W1483896516","https://openalex.org/W1520081256","https://openalex.org/W1837935334","https://openalex.org/W1952539308","https://openalex.org/W1969388943","https://openalex.org/W1971190449","https://openalex.org/W1971315623","https://openalex.org/W1975778730","https://openalex.org/W1977846007","https://openalex.org/W1990208139","https://openalex.org/W1990348466","https://openalex.org/W1999468411","https://openalex.org/W2000053835","https://openalex.org/W2004822431","https://openalex.org/W2005464832","https://openalex.org/W2009969771","https://openalex.org/W2018108162","https://openalex.org/W2018490234","https://openalex.org/W2019465651","https://openalex.org/W2022349991","https://openalex.org/W2025272189","https://openalex.org/W2027692436","https://openalex.org/W2030600654","https://openalex.org/W2034461483","https://openalex.org/W2036569944","https://openalex.org/W2039247640","https://openalex.org/W2041185112","https://openalex.org/W2042085725","https://openalex.org/W2043523067","https://openalex.org/W2049985274","https://openalex.org/W2060050678","https://openalex.org/W2073582213","https://openalex.org/W2077164692","https://openalex.org/W2081803015","https://openalex.org/W2085118254","https://openalex.org/W2094584261","https://openalex.org/W2095512515","https://openalex.org/W2096976594","https://openalex.org/W2097405277","https://openalex.org/W2104749218","https://openalex.org/W2117524242","https://openalex.org/W2119362484","https://openalex.org/W2124054528","https://openalex.org/W2125870822","https://openalex.org/W2126858660","https://openalex.org/W2135304490","https://openalex.org/W2137102585","https://openalex.org/W2139852368","https://openalex.org/W2140606211","https://openalex.org/W2141078817","https://openalex.org/W2142388759","https://openalex.org/W2142862972","https://openalex.org/W2142997789","https://openalex.org/W2144246472","https://openalex.org/W2158629058","https://openalex.org/W2161140570","https://openalex.org/W2162810906","https://openalex.org/W2163545549","https://openalex.org/W2164051789","https://openalex.org/W2167022697","https://openalex.org/W2167659819","https://openalex.org/W2171918417","https://openalex.org/W2172096452","https://openalex.org/W2178933046","https://openalex.org/W2201430178","https://openalex.org/W2220368001","https://openalex.org/W2247187546","https://openalex.org/W2260534687","https://openalex.org/W2281793685","https://openalex.org/W2285148061","https://openalex.org/W2309790397","https://openalex.org/W2321653250","https://openalex.org/W2340656051","https://openalex.org/W2347002615","https://openalex.org/W2397045879","https://openalex.org/W2462481338","https://openalex.org/W2522599389","https://openalex.org/W2525143676","https://openalex.org/W2546317590","https://openalex.org/W2553558519","https://openalex.org/W2562768475","https://openalex.org/W2586728661","https://openalex.org/W2587374695","https://openalex.org/W2592307528","https://openalex.org/W2596398126","https://openalex.org/W2624838106","https://openalex.org/W2746779919","https://openalex.org/W2760826262","https://openalex.org/W2764041992","https://openalex.org/W2765391558","https://openalex.org/W2914151665","https://openalex.org/W4211069648","https://openalex.org/W4211145950","https://openalex.org/W4233313596","https://openalex.org/W4238215801"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4294189369","https://openalex.org/W3158812399","https://openalex.org/W6939511071","https://openalex.org/W4313407779","https://openalex.org/W3106920291","https://openalex.org/W2966724155","https://openalex.org/W4410463185","https://openalex.org/W4285492686","https://openalex.org/W6884774501","https://openalex.org/W3092727772"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"We":[1],"aimed":[2],"at":[3],"exploring":[4],"potential":[5],"pathophysiological":[6],"processes":[7],"across":[8,143],"psychotic":[9],"disorders,":[10],"applying":[11],"metabolomics":[12,45],"in":[13,80,88,127,178],"a":[14,189],"large":[15],"and":[16,21,28,34,59,66,72,114,139,147,171,181],"well-characterized":[17],"sample":[18],"of":[19,53,122,135,151,167],"patients":[20,65,89],"healthy":[22,35,92],"controls.":[23],"METHODS:":[24],"Patients":[25],"with":[26,43,197],"schizophrenia":[27,144,179],"bipolar":[29,148,182,198],"disorders":[30,146,149],"(N":[31,37],"=":[32,38,100,106,112,118,132],"212)":[33],"controls":[36,67,93],"68)":[39],"had":[40],"blood":[41],"sampling":[42],"subsequent":[44],"analyses":[46],"using":[47],"electrochemical":[48],"coulometric":[49],"array":[50],"detection.":[51],"Concentrations":[52],"52":[54],"metabolites":[55],"including":[56],"tyrosine,":[57],"tryptophan":[58,168],"purine":[60],"pathways":[61],"were":[62,77,94,141],"compared":[63,90],"between":[64],"while":[68],"controlling":[69],"for":[70,96],"demographic":[71],"clinical":[73],"characteristics.":[74],"Significant":[75],"findings":[76],"further":[78],"tested":[79],"medication-free":[81,152],"subsamples.":[82],"RESULTS:":[83],"Significantly":[84],"decreased":[85],"plasma":[86],"concentrations":[87],"to":[91,157,194],"found":[95,193],"3-hydroxykynurenine":[97],"(3OHKY,":[98],"p":[99,105,111,117],"0.0008),":[101],"xanthurenic":[102],"acid":[103,109],"(XANU,":[104],"1.5\u00d710-5),":[107],"vanillylmandelic":[108],"(VMA,":[110],"4.5\u00d710-5)":[113],"metanephrine":[115],"(MN,":[116],"0.0001).":[119],"Plasma":[120],"concentration":[121],"xanthine":[123],"(XAN)":[124],"was":[125],"increased":[126],"the":[128,160,164],"patient":[129],"group":[130],"(p":[131],"3.5\u00d710-5).":[133],"Differences":[134],"3OHKY,":[136],"XANU,":[137,188],"VMA":[138],"XAN":[140],"replicated":[142],"spectrum":[145,180],"subsamples":[150],"individuals.":[153],"CONCLUSIONS:":[154],"Although":[155],"prone":[156],"residual":[158],"confounding,":[159],"present":[161],"results":[162],"suggest":[163],"kynurenine":[165],"pathway":[166],"metabolism,":[169],"noradrenergic":[170],"purinergic":[172],"system":[173],"dysfunction":[174],"as":[175],"trait":[176],"factors":[177],"disorders.":[183,199],"Of":[184],"special":[185],"interest":[186],"is":[187],"metabolite":[190],"previously":[191],"not":[192],"be":[195],"associated":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2019-03-22T00:00:00"}