{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2921301151","doi":null,"title":"The Christianization of Africa in the Colonial Era of the 19th Century: Westernization and Policy of Annihilation","display_name":"The Christianization of Africa in the Colonial Era of the 19th Century: Westernization and Policy of Annihilation","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2921301151","mag":"2921301151"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2921301151","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.asjp.cerist.dz/en/article/48897","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306509211","display_name":"El-Tawassol\" \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\"","issn_l":"1111-4932","issn":["1111-4932","2352-9865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"El-Tawassol\" \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\"","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083422204","display_name":"Nadjib Bouledroua","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108754898","display_name":"Badji Mokhtar-Annaba University","ror":"https://ror.org/03sf55932","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108754898"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nadjib Bouledroua","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 Badji-Mokhtar, Annaba"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Badji-Mokhtar, Annaba","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108754898"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083422204"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108754898"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60036397,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"1","first_page":"72","last_page":"89"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13347","display_name":"Christian Theology and Mission","score":0.6567000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1212","display_name":"Religious studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13347","display_name":"Christian Theology and Mission","score":0.6567000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1212","display_name":"Religious studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14395","display_name":"African history and culture studies","score":0.32519999146461487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14343","display_name":"Hispanic-African Historical Relations","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/christianization","display_name":"Christianization","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colonialism","display_name":"colonialism","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/19th-century","display_name":"19th century","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/westernization","display_name":"Westernization","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colonial-policy","display_name":"colonial policy","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/africa","display_name":"Africa","score":0.5640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religion-and-colonialism","display_name":"colonialism and religion","score":0.5350000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130838757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6498273","display_name":"Westernization","level":3,"score":0.9605367183685303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780630068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59532","display_name":"Christianization","level":3,"score":0.7874093055725098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C531593650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7167","display_name":"Colonialism","level":2,"score":0.6073256731033325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.45067739486694336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195244886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493","display_name":"Ancient history","level":1,"score":0.42967545986175537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4172740578651428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C551968917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5043","display_name":"Christianity","level":2,"score":0.13476189970970154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53844881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856122","display_name":"Modernization theory","level":2,"score":0.13065877556800842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.1076364517211914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.10324662923812866}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2921301151","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.asjp.cerist.dz/en/article/48897","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306509211","display_name":"El-Tawassol\" \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\"","issn_l":"1111-4932","issn":["1111-4932","2352-9865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"El-Tawassol\" \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\"","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7008481836","https://openalex.org/W6954991887","https://openalex.org/W2254134343","https://openalex.org/W6988146999","https://openalex.org/W107692718","https://openalex.org/W6980517027","https://openalex.org/W2970672175","https://openalex.org/W187768984","https://openalex.org/W7020618531","https://openalex.org/W2261757878"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2019-03-22T00:00:00"}
