{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2920979972","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.13231","title":"Economic impacts of chronic conditions in a country with high levels of population health coverage: lessons from Mongolia","display_name":"Economic impacts of chronic conditions in a country with high levels of population health coverage: lessons from Mongolia","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2920979972","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.13231","mag":"2920979972","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30870575"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/tmi.13231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.13231","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.13231","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/tmi.13231","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148484591","display_name":"Tropical Medicine & International Health","issn_l":"1360-2276","issn":["1360-2276","1365-3156"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tropical Medicine & International Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/tmi.13231","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050446605","display_name":"Otgontuya Dugee","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128990","display_name":"Ministry of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/02vf30q73","country_code":"MN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128990"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU","MN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Otgontuya Dugee","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Center for Public Health, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia","School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Public Health, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128990"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007291119","display_name":"Bolormaa Sugar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bolormaa Sugar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Population and Social Statistics, National Statistical Office, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Population and Social Statistics, National Statistical Office, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034924809","display_name":"Dorjsuren Bayarsaikhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9241-7844","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9241-7844"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105654","display_name":"World Health Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/01f80g185","country_code":"CH","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105654"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bayarsaikhan Dorjsuren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Systems Governance and Financing, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Systems Governance and Financing, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105654"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023264598","display_name":"Ajay Singh Mahal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7246-3261","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7246-3261"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ajay Mahal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nossal Institute for Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nossal Institute for Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050446605"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128990","https://openalex.org/I56590836"],"apc_list":{"value":3000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3000},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9806,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90372506,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"6","first_page":"715","last_page":"726"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11531","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11531","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12708","display_name":"Economic and Financial Impacts of Cancer","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-communicable-diseases","display_name":"non-communicable diseases","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-disease","display_name":"chronic disease","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catastrophic-health-expenditure","display_name":"catastrophic health expenditure","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-impoverishment","display_name":"medical impoverishment","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-insurance-coverage","display_name":"health insurance coverage","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poverty","display_name":"poverty","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/universal-health-coverage","display_name":"universal health coverage","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outpatient-costs","display_name":"outpatient costs","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-costs","display_name":"drug costs","score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mongolia","display_name":"Mongolia","score":0.7139999866485596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.6898092031478882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.6449912786483765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.6109796762466431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.575867772102356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5355154871940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.5155958533287048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780892066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1591167","display_name":"Household income","level":2,"score":0.4496224820613861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.4026145935058594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3871399164199829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3453536033630371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.2588959336280823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.15042617917060852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000073296","descriptor_name":"Noncommunicable Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000075485","descriptor_name":"Population Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005102","descriptor_name":"Health Expenditures","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005191","descriptor_name":"Family Characteristics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005382","descriptor_name":"Financing, Personal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008986","descriptor_name":"Mongolia","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011203","descriptor_name":"Poverty","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012044","descriptor_name":"Regression Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017281","descriptor_name":"Cost of Illness","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019472","descriptor_name":"Universal Health Insurance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/tmi.13231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.13231","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.13231","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/tmi.13231","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148484591","display_name":"Tropical Medicine & International Health","issn_l":"1360-2276","issn":["1360-2276","1365-3156"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tropical Medicine & International Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30870575","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30870575","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:jupiter.its.unimelb.edu.au:11343/285670","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11343/285670","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196259","display_name":"Minerva Access (University of Melbourne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","host_organization_name":"The University of Melbourne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/tmi.13231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.13231","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.13231","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/tmi.13231","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148484591","display_name":"Tropical Medicine & International Health","issn_l":"1360-2276","issn":["1360-2276","1365-3156"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tropical Medicine & International Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":1.0,"display_name":"No poverty"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9763000011444092,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7578999996185303,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307856","display_name":"World Health Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/01f80g185"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2920979972.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2920979972.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1464437232","https://openalex.org/W1818180735","https://openalex.org/W1975202701","https://openalex.org/W1977502485","https://openalex.org/W1982830265","https://openalex.org/W1996235025","https://openalex.org/W1998519178","https://openalex.org/W2013955600","https://openalex.org/W2035468404","https://openalex.org/W2041725211","https://openalex.org/W2104182523","https://openalex.org/W2108150050","https://openalex.org/W2137321576","https://openalex.org/W2140069888","https://openalex.org/W2141341325","https://openalex.org/W2143635718","https://openalex.org/W2149831428","https://openalex.org/W2150356900","https://openalex.org/W2150620050","https://openalex.org/W2151768324","https://openalex.org/W2152042455","https://openalex.org/W2153603229","https://openalex.org/W2170964814","https://openalex.org/W2525119704","https://openalex.org/W2533222366","https://openalex.org/W2611901291","https://openalex.org/W2736917114","https://openalex.org/W2795609817","https://openalex.org/W4235321056","https://openalex.org/W4245497361"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2471018567","https://openalex.org/W3151079065","https://openalex.org/W2792510682","https://openalex.org/W4409177704","https://openalex.org/W2984472928","https://openalex.org/W4311042195","https://openalex.org/W3165059157","https://openalex.org/W2898034962","https://openalex.org/W2911369282","https://openalex.org/W4221038548"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"To":[1],"analyse":[2],"the":[3,38,107,122,131,164,196,208,220,234],"impact":[4],"of":[5,37,51,58,62,74,83,109,128,163,182,210,222],"non-communicable":[6],"diseases":[7],"(NCDs)":[8],"on":[9,49,227],"household":[10,59],"out-of-pocket":[11],"(OOP)":[12],"expenses,":[13],"catastrophic":[14,63,78,150],"health":[15,29,56,89,99,184,187,212],"payments":[16],"and":[17,55,65,77,85,88,141,152,176,230,232],"medical":[18,66,75,117,153],"impoverishment":[19,67,76,114,154],"in":[20,106,111,121,193,215],"Mongolia,":[21,194],"a":[22,26,81,136],"middle-income":[23],"country":[24],"with":[25,43,80,116,135,142,157,195,204],"high":[27,180],"population":[28,183],"insurance":[30,185],"coverage":[31,213],"rate.":[32],"METHODS:":[33],"Secondary":[34],"data":[35],"analysis":[36],"Mongolian":[39],"Household":[40],"Socioeconomic":[41],"Survey":[42],"12":[44],"840":[45],"households,":[46],"including":[47,173],"information":[48],"standard":[50],"living,":[52],"OOP":[53,98],"spending,":[54],"conditions":[57,90],"members.":[60],"Measures":[61],"spending":[64,79,100,151],"were":[68,145,167],"constructed":[69],"for":[70,170,174,225],"Mongolia.":[71,112],"The":[72,113,160],"association":[73],"range":[82],"socioeconomic":[84],"demographic":[86],"covariates":[87],"was":[91],"assessed":[92],"using":[93],"multiple":[94,143],"regression":[95],"models.":[96],"RESULTS:":[97],"contributed":[101],"to":[102,148,219],"an":[103],"8%":[104],"increase":[105],"incidence":[108],"poverty":[110,129],"associated":[115],"expenses":[118],"is":[119],"concentrated":[120],"poorer":[123],"quintiles,":[124],"indicating":[125],"some":[126],"deepening":[127],"among":[130,200],"already":[132],"poor.":[133],"Households":[134],"member":[137],"affected":[138],"by":[139],"NCDs":[140],"morbidities":[144],"more":[146],"likely":[147],"experience":[149],"than":[155],"those":[156],"infectious":[158],"diseases.":[159],"main":[161],"drivers":[162],"financial":[165],"distress":[166],"expenditures":[168,188,226],"incurred":[169],"outpatient":[171,228],"services,":[172],"diagnostics":[175],"drugs.":[177],"CONCLUSION:":[178],"Despite":[179],"rates":[181],"coverage,":[186,223],"have":[189],"substantial":[190],"impoverishing":[191],"effects":[192],"impacts":[197],"being":[198],"greater":[199],"households":[201],"containing":[202],"individuals":[203],"chronic":[205],"conditions.":[206],"Addressing":[207],"goal":[209],"universal":[211],"(UHC)":[214],"Mongolia":[216],"needs":[217],"attention":[218],"depth":[221],"especially":[224],"care":[229],"medicines,":[231],"targeting":[233],"poor":[235],"effectively.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2019-03-22T00:00:00"}