{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2920136044","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.13223","title":"Genetic diversity and population structure of Plasmodium falciparum in Kenyan\u2013Ugandan border areas","display_name":"Genetic diversity and population structure of Plasmodium falciparum in Kenyan\u2013Ugandan border areas","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2920136044","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.13223","mag":"2920136044","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30816614"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/tmi.13223","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.13223","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.13223","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/tmi.13223","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148484591","display_name":"Tropical Medicine & International Health","issn_l":"1360-2276","issn":["1360-2276","1365-3156"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/tmi.13223","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076675495","display_name":"David Nderu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131411328","display_name":"Kirinyaga University","ror":"https://ror.org/00geck193","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131411328"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8087733","display_name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kwz48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}],"countries":["DE","KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Nderu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Tropical Medicine University of T\u00fcbingen T\u00fcbingen Germany","School of Health Sciences Kirinyaga University Kerugoya Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Tropical Medicine University of T\u00fcbingen T\u00fcbingen Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Health Sciences Kirinyaga University Kerugoya Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131411328"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012433995","display_name":"Francis Thuo Kimani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5150-2068","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5150-2068"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2841861","display_name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04r1cxt79","country_code":"KE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2841861","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francis Kimani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Biotechnology Research and Development Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya","Center for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Biotechnology Research and Development Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008800591","display_name":"Evaline Karanja","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140287389","display_name":"Technical University of Kenya","ror":"https://ror.org/04eehsy38","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140287389"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Evaline Karanja","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology School of Biological and Life Sciences Technical University of Kenya Nairobi Kenya","Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biological and Life Sciences, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology School of Biological and Life Sciences Technical University of Kenya Nairobi Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140287389"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biological and Life Sciences, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140287389"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013570131","display_name":"Kelvin Thiong\u2019o","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2841861","display_name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04r1cxt79","country_code":"KE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2841861","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kelvin Thiong'o","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Biotechnology Research and Development Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya","Center for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Biotechnology Research and Development Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051007037","display_name":"Maureen V. Akinyi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9533-3059","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9533-3059"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2841861","display_name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04r1cxt79","country_code":"KE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2841861","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maureen Akinyi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Biotechnology Research and Development Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya","Center for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Biotechnology Research and Development Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020738167","display_name":"Edwin Too","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2841861","display_name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04r1cxt79","country_code":"KE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2841861","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edwin Too","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Biotechnology Research and Development Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya","Center for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Biotechnology Research and Development Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086691131","display_name":"William Chege","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2841861","display_name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04r1cxt79","country_code":"KE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2841861","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William Chege","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Biotechnology Research and Development Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya","Center for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Biotechnology Research and Development Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031450380","display_name":"Eva A. Nambati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5862-7274","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5862-7274"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2841861","display_name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04r1cxt79","country_code":"KE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2841861","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eva Nambati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Biotechnology Research and Development Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya","Center for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Biotechnology Research and Development Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2841861"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062796846","display_name":"Laura Nyawira Wangai","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131411328","display_name":"Kirinyaga University","ror":"https://ror.org/00geck193","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131411328"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura N. Wangai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Health Sciences Kirinyaga University Kerugoya Kenya","School of Health Sciences, Kirinyaga University, Kerugoya, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Health Sciences Kirinyaga University Kerugoya Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131411328"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Health Sciences, Kirinyaga University, Kerugoya, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131411328"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011444974","display_name":"Christian G. Meyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5561-2985","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5561-2985"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170238339","display_name":"Duy Tan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ezss144","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170238339"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147826","display_name":"Vietnamese - German Center of Excellence in Medical Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04aczrd15","country_code":"VN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147826"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8087733","display_name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kwz48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}],"countries":["DE","VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian G. Meyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine Duy Tan University Da Nang Vietnam","Institute of Tropical Medicine University of T\u00fcbingen T\u00fcbingen Germany","Vietnamese\u2010German Centre for Medical Research Hanoi Vietnam","Vietnamese-German Centre for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine Duy Tan University Da Nang Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170238339"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Tropical Medicine University of T\u00fcbingen T\u00fcbingen Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vietnamese\u2010German Centre for Medical Research Hanoi Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147826"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vietnamese-German Centre for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147826"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064904760","display_name":"Thirumalaisamy Palanichamy Velavan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-9883","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-9883"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170238339","display_name":"Duy Tan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ezss144","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170238339"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103017","display_name":"Fondation Congolaise Pour La Recherche M\u00e9dicale","ror":"https://ror.org/023f4f524","country_code":"CG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103017"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147826","display_name":"Vietnamese - German Center of Excellence in Medical Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04aczrd15","country_code":"VN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147826"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8087733","display_name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kwz48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}],"countries":["CG","DE","VN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine Duy Tan University Da Nang Vietnam","Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche M\u00e9dicale Brazzaville Republic of Congo","Institute of Tropical Medicine University of T\u00fcbingen T\u00fcbingen Germany","Vietnamese\u2010German Centre for Medical Research Hanoi Vietnam","Vietnamese-German Centre for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine Duy Tan University Da Nang Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170238339"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche M\u00e9dicale Brazzaville Republic of Congo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103017"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Tropical Medicine University of T\u00fcbingen T\u00fcbingen Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vietnamese\u2010German Centre for Medical Research Hanoi Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147826"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vietnamese-German Centre for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147826"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064904760"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170238339","https://openalex.org/I4210103017","https://openalex.org/I4210147826","https://openalex.org/I8087733"],"apc_list":{"value":3000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3000},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9119,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90280011,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"5","first_page":"647","last_page":"656"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10091","display_name":"Malaria Research and Control","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10091","display_name":"Malaria Research and Control","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10012","display_name":"Genetic diversity and population structure","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12178","display_name":"Bird parasitology and diseases","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2405","display_name":"Parasitology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasmodium-falciparum","display_name":"Plasmodium falciparum","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-diversity","display_name":"genetic diversity","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-structure","display_name":"population structure","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microsatellite-markers","display_name":"microsatellite markers","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linkage-disequilibrium","display_name":"linkage disequilibrium","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/panmixia","display_name":"panmixia","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malaria","display_name":"malaria","score":0.421999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/busia","display_name":"Busia","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malaria-control","display_name":"malaria control","score":0.5550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/allele-frequency","display_name":"allele frequency","score":0.32899999618530273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187651312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114","display_name":"Kenya","level":2,"score":0.8094440698623657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81977670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585259","display_name":"Genetic diversity","level":3,"score":0.7240855693817139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778371730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q311383","display_name":"Plasmodium falciparum","level":3,"score":0.6639198660850525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.643101692199707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778048844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12156","display_name":"Malaria","level":2,"score":0.6357773542404175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35605836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2064311","display_name":"Linkage disequilibrium","level":5,"score":0.5804291367530823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5213978886604309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46576788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532925","display_name":"Genetic structure","level":4,"score":0.5098211169242859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85721925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31151","display_name":"Population genetics","level":3,"score":0.47819069027900696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61320498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q265193","display_name":"Microsatellite","level":4,"score":0.41606730222702026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.36028000712394714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.30143171548843384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180754005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80726","display_name":"Allele","level":3,"score":0.2812349796295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.27135443687438965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.22959661483764648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.08137241005897522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197754878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80711","display_name":"Haplotype","level":4,"score":0.05014947056770325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000483","descriptor_name":"Alleles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000483","descriptor_name":"Alleles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000483","descriptor_name":"Alleles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003140","descriptor_name":"Communicable Disease Control","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003140","descriptor_name":"Communicable Disease Control","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003140","descriptor_name":"Communicable Disease Control","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005787","descriptor_name":"Gene Frequency","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005787","descriptor_name":"Gene Frequency","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005787","descriptor_name":"Gene Frequency","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005828","descriptor_name":"Genetics, Population","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005828","descriptor_name":"Genetics, Population","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005828","descriptor_name":"Genetics, Population","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005838","descriptor_name":"Genotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005838","descriptor_name":"Genotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005838","descriptor_name":"Genotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007630","descriptor_name":"Kenya","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007630","descriptor_name":"Kenya","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007630","descriptor_name":"Kenya","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010963","descriptor_name":"Plasmodium falciparum","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010963","descriptor_name":"Plasmodium falciparum","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010963","descriptor_name":"Plasmodium falciparum","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014454","descriptor_name":"Uganda","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014454","descriptor_name":"Uganda","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014454","descriptor_name":"Uganda","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014644","descriptor_name":"Genetic Variation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014644","descriptor_name":"Genetic Variation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014644","descriptor_name":"Genetic Variation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015810","descriptor_name":"Linkage Disequilibrium","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015810","descriptor_name":"Linkage Disequilibrium","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015810","descriptor_name":"Linkage Disequilibrium","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016778","descriptor_name":"Malaria, Falciparum","qualifier_ui":"Q000469","qualifier_name":"parasitology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016778","descriptor_name":"Malaria, Falciparum","qualifier_ui":"Q000469","qualifier_name":"parasitology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016778","descriptor_name":"Malaria, Falciparum","qualifier_ui":"Q000469","qualifier_name":"parasitology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018895","descriptor_name":"Microsatellite Repeats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018895","descriptor_name":"Microsatellite Repeats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018895","descriptor_name":"Microsatellite Repeats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/tmi.13223","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.13223","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.13223","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/tmi.13223","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148484591","display_name":"Tropical Medicine & International Health","issn_l":"1360-2276","issn":["1360-2276","1365-3156"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30816614","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30816614","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/tmi.13223","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.13223","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.13223","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/tmi.13223","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148484591","display_name":"Tropical Medicine & International Health","issn_l":"1360-2276","issn":["1360-2276","1365-3156"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.6240000128746033}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.5199999809265137}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320875","display_name":"Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst","ror":"https://ror.org/039djdh30"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338462","display_name":"European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership","ror":"https://ror.org/031jv9v19"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2920136044.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2920136044.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1856945244","https://openalex.org/W1862633153","https://openalex.org/W1975492563","https://openalex.org/W1977784023","https://openalex.org/W1984796152","https://openalex.org/W2017469437","https://openalex.org/W2058371798","https://openalex.org/W2082880400","https://openalex.org/W2088583473","https://openalex.org/W2096290393","https://openalex.org/W2099973858","https://openalex.org/W2114469412","https://openalex.org/W2123827814","https://openalex.org/W2125479951","https://openalex.org/W2157499338","https://openalex.org/W2159748604","https://openalex.org/W2165672288","https://openalex.org/W2168181245","https://openalex.org/W2170874271","https://openalex.org/W2172266860","https://openalex.org/W2191893057","https://openalex.org/W2217224039","https://openalex.org/W2291647335","https://openalex.org/W2315311689","https://openalex.org/W2514915382","https://openalex.org/W2517851271","https://openalex.org/W2518691560","https://openalex.org/W2754696471","https://openalex.org/W2769645782","https://openalex.org/W2789515135","https://openalex.org/W2792306882","https://openalex.org/W2794799678","https://openalex.org/W2803772701","https://openalex.org/W2893694604"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3187239900","https://openalex.org/W4383620485","https://openalex.org/W2055601578","https://openalex.org/W3151422667","https://openalex.org/W2086557093","https://openalex.org/W2109316460","https://openalex.org/W2358111027","https://openalex.org/W3143503863","https://openalex.org/W2617607067","https://openalex.org/W2001329908"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Summary":[0],"Kenya":[1],"has,":[2],"in":[3,10,47,65,117,147,188],"the":[4,11,19,54,77,104,152,158,166,172,192],"last":[5],"decade,":[6],"made":[7],"tremendous":[8],"progress":[9],"fight":[12],"against":[13],"malaria.":[14],"Nevertheless,":[15],"continued":[16],"surveillance":[17],"of":[18,25,98,121,161,194],"genetic":[20,78,99,133,159,181],"diversity":[21,79,100,160],"and":[22,34,37,58,68,82,91,184],"population":[23,92,186],"structure":[24,134,187],"Plasmodium":[26],"falciparum":[27,50,163,197],"is":[28,169],"required":[29],"to":[30,35,75,131,171,199],"refine":[31],"malaria":[32,202],"control":[33,203],"adapt":[36],"improve":[38],"elimination":[39],"strategies.":[40],"Twelve":[41],"neutral":[42],"microsatellite":[43,122],"loci":[44,123],"were":[45,73],"genotyped":[46],"201":[48],"P.":[49,162,196],"isolates":[51],"obtained":[52],"from":[53,59,175],"Kenyan\u2013Ugandan":[55,167],"border":[56,168],"(Busia)":[57],"two":[60],"inland":[61,176],"malaria\u2010endemic":[62],"sites":[63],"situated":[64],"western":[66],"(Nyando)":[67],"coastal":[69],"(Msambweni)":[70],"Kenya.":[71,177],"Analyses":[72],"done":[74],"assess":[76],"(allelic":[80],"richness":[81],"expected":[83],"heterozygosity,":[84],"[He]),":[85],"multilocus":[86],"linkage":[87],"disequilibrium":[88],"(":[89],")":[90],"structure.":[93],"A":[94],"similarly":[95],"high":[96,127,180],"degree":[97],"was":[101,124,141],"observed":[102,142,150],"among":[103,151],"three":[105],"parasite":[106,128,173],"populations":[107,164,174,198],"surveyed":[108],"(mean":[109],"He":[110],"=":[111,136],"0.76;":[112],"P":[113,138],">":[114],"0.05).":[115],"Except":[116],"Msambweni,":[118],"random":[119],"association":[120],"observed,":[125],"indicating":[126],"out\u2010breeding.":[129],"Low":[130],"moderate":[132],"(FST":[135],"0.022\u20130.076;":[137],"<":[139],"0.0001)":[140],"with":[143],"only":[144],"5%":[145],"variance":[146],"allele":[148],"frequencies":[149],"populations.":[153],"This":[154],"study":[155,190],"shows":[156],"that":[157],"at":[165],"comparable":[170],"In":[178],"addition,":[179],"diversity,":[182],"panmixia":[183],"weak":[185],"this":[189],"highlight":[191],"fitness":[193],"Kenyan":[195],"successfully":[200],"withstand":[201],"interventions.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2019-03-11T00:00:00"}