{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2919862002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00606","title":"The Metamorphosis of the Hero: Principles, Processes, and Purpose","display_name":"The Metamorphosis of the Hero: Principles, Processes, and Purpose","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2919862002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00606","mag":"2919862002","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30949105","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6437092"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00606","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00606","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00606","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00606/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9692511","display_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","issn_l":"1664-1078","issn":["1664-1078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00606/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108635425","display_name":"Scott T. Allison","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158012942","display_name":"University of Richmond","ror":"https://ror.org/03y71xh61","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158012942"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Scott T. Allison","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158012942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050571686","display_name":"George R. Goethals","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0807-8406","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0807-8406"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158012942","display_name":"University of Richmond","ror":"https://ror.org/03y71xh61","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158012942"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George R. Goethals","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158012942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003623969","display_name":"Allyson R. Marrinan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158012942","display_name":"University of Richmond","ror":"https://ror.org/03y71xh61","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158012942"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Allyson R. Marrinan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158012942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Owen M. Parker","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158012942","display_name":"University of Richmond","ror":"https://ror.org/03y71xh61","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158012942"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Owen M. Parker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158012942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014423696","display_name":"Smaragda P. Spyrou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158012942","display_name":"University of Richmond","ror":"https://ror.org/03y71xh61","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158012942"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Smaragda P. Spyrou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158012942"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002416521","display_name":"Madison Stein","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158012942","display_name":"University of Richmond","ror":"https://ror.org/03y71xh61","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158012942"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Madison Stein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158012942"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108635425"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158012942"],"apc_list":{"value":2950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2950},"apc_paid":{"value":2950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2950},"fwci":0.6943,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":135,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58534137,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"606","last_page":"606"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14513","display_name":"Leadership, Courage, and Heroism Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14513","display_name":"Leadership, Courage, and Heroism Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10475","display_name":"Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12531","display_name":"Values and Moral Education","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heroism","display_name":"heroism","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personal-transformation","display_name":"personal transformation","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moral-development","display_name":"moral development","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotional-development","display_name":"emotional development","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spiritual-growth","display_name":"spiritual development","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motivational-development","display_name":"motivational development","score":0.6050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mentoring","display_name":"mentoring","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/egocentrism","display_name":"self-centeredness","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomy","display_name":"autonomy","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/healing","display_name":"healing","score":0.49900001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-unity","display_name":"social unity","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-growth-and-development","display_name":"human growth and development","score":0.8399999737739563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136397037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33753","display_name":"Metamorphosis","level":3,"score":0.6718032956123352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6613073348999023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51364203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1563532","display_name":"HERO","level":2,"score":0.5710731744766235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65414064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484105","display_name":"Autonomy","level":2,"score":0.5595676302909851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13184196","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9453","display_name":"Dialectic","level":2,"score":0.5373604893684387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.47944560647010803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50335755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483247","display_name":"Phenomenon","level":2,"score":0.47213155031204224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62760934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7551419","display_name":"Social transformation","level":3,"score":0.45087337493896484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.32278111577033997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206836424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1510761","display_name":"Social change","level":2,"score":0.2243332862854004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.10370257496833801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.1016589105129242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.09965506196022034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173758957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q129270","display_name":"Larva","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00606","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00606","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00606","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00606/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9692511","display_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","issn_l":"1664-1078","issn":["1664-1078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5433533","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6437092","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6437092","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6437092","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Psychol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:30949105","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30949105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in psychology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f08681ed325d47ae87f0a92d6939adf8","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f08681ed325d47ae87f0a92d6939adf8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology, Vol 10 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00606","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00606","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00606","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00606/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9692511","display_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","issn_l":"1664-1078","issn":["1664-1078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2919862002.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2919862002.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1509373589","https://openalex.org/W1531662213","https://openalex.org/W1571038887","https://openalex.org/W1571623333","https://openalex.org/W1604871522","https://openalex.org/W1752708916","https://openalex.org/W1844842999","https://openalex.org/W1852090069","https://openalex.org/W1876560632","https://openalex.org/W1917314710","https://openalex.org/W1969900674","https://openalex.org/W1973898294","https://openalex.org/W2000774565","https://openalex.org/W2002208370","https://openalex.org/W2028065334","https://openalex.org/W2048661729","https://openalex.org/W2058647487","https://openalex.org/W2081477040","https://openalex.org/W2085712365","https://openalex.org/W2094068789","https://openalex.org/W2096052840","https://openalex.org/W2098669492","https://openalex.org/W2103781831","https://openalex.org/W2109631588","https://openalex.org/W2110814441","https://openalex.org/W2128404810","https://openalex.org/W2130828224","https://openalex.org/W2132769048","https://openalex.org/W2133404106","https://openalex.org/W2163215199","https://openalex.org/W2164558494","https://openalex.org/W2165665764","https://openalex.org/W2314398644","https://openalex.org/W2332514841","https://openalex.org/W2409710747","https://openalex.org/W2473250598","https://openalex.org/W2476494993","https://openalex.org/W2489551435","https://openalex.org/W2500736308","https://openalex.org/W2504094415","https://openalex.org/W2523364226","https://openalex.org/W2537718726","https://openalex.org/W2593317949","https://openalex.org/W2594178219","https://openalex.org/W2611387432","https://openalex.org/W2611730189","https://openalex.org/W2612537823","https://openalex.org/W2620919063","https://openalex.org/W2735924665","https://openalex.org/W2766132039","https://openalex.org/W2785129496","https://openalex.org/W2794209506","https://openalex.org/W2798865089","https://openalex.org/W2800240134","https://openalex.org/W2807807586","https://openalex.org/W2810584588","https://openalex.org/W2885987189","https://openalex.org/W2888569071","https://openalex.org/W2940285793","https://openalex.org/W2948045940","https://openalex.org/W2998306368","https://openalex.org/W3096081367","https://openalex.org/W3204609737","https://openalex.org/W4231042348","https://openalex.org/W4234106271","https://openalex.org/W4235061372","https://openalex.org/W4239703525","https://openalex.org/W4290624635","https://openalex.org/W4292542163","https://openalex.org/W4301461015","https://openalex.org/W6741396774"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2962983135","https://openalex.org/W4403031758","https://openalex.org/W4403031923","https://openalex.org/W4403032371","https://openalex.org/W4389136656","https://openalex.org/W1176265506","https://openalex.org/W3048648363","https://openalex.org/W2165665764","https://openalex.org/W4242017443","https://openalex.org/W3048560298"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"examines":[2],"the":[3,27,71,82],"phenomenon":[4],"of":[5,24,26,64,73,85],"heroic":[6,86,105],"metamorphosis:":[7],"what":[8],"it":[9,12,16],"is,":[10],"how":[11],"unfolds,":[13],"and":[14,34,56,61,94,120],"why":[15],"is":[17],"important.":[18],"First,":[19],"we":[20,80],"describe":[21,81],"six":[22],"types":[23],"transformation":[25,65],"hero:":[28],"mental,":[29],"moral,":[30],"emotional,":[31],"spiritual,":[32],"physical,":[33],"motivational.":[35],"We":[36,98],"then":[37,99],"argue":[38],"that":[39,103,111],"these":[40],"metamorphoses":[41],"serve":[42],"five":[43],"functions:":[44],"they":[45],"foster":[46],"developmental":[47],"growth,":[48],"promote":[49,104],"healing,":[50],"cultivate":[51],"social":[52],"unity,":[53],"advance":[54],"society,":[55],"deepen":[57],"cosmic":[58],"understanding.":[59],"Internal":[60],"external":[62],"sources":[63],"are":[66,122],"discussed,":[67],"with":[68],"emphasis":[69],"on":[70,117],"importance":[72],"mentorship":[74],"in":[75],"producing":[76],"metamorphic":[77],"growth.":[78,97],"Next":[79],"three":[83,101],"arcs":[84],"transformation:":[87],"egocentricity":[88],"to":[89,92,96],"sociocentricity,":[90],"dependence":[91],"autonomy,":[93],"stagnation":[95],"discuss":[100],"activities":[102],"metamorphosis":[106],"as":[107,109],"well":[108],"those":[110],"hinder":[112],"it.":[113],"Implications":[114],"for":[115],"research":[116],"human":[118],"growth":[119],"development":[121],"discussed.":[123]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":64},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2019-03-11T00:00:00"}