{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2919208095","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jmsr.v8n2p1","title":"AA2219 Aluminum Alloy Processed via Multi-Axial Forging in Cryogenic and Ambient Environments","display_name":"AA2219 Aluminum Alloy Processed via Multi-Axial Forging in Cryogenic and Ambient Environments","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2919208095","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jmsr.v8n2p1","mag":"2919208095"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5539/jmsr.v8n2p1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jmsr.v8n2p1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jmsr.v8n2p1","pdf_url":"http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jmsr/article/download/0/0/38745/39412","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764851692","display_name":"Journal of Materials Science Research","issn_l":"1927-0585","issn":["1927-0585","1927-0593"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322531","host_organization_name":"Canadian Center of Science and Education","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322531"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Canadian Center of Science and Education"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Materials Science Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jmsr/article/download/0/0/38745/39412","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069002549","display_name":"Amin Azimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5524-5118","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5524-5118"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137853757","display_name":"Howard University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gt1vc06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137853757"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amin Azimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137853757"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112089716","display_name":"Gbadebo Owolabi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137853757","display_name":"Howard University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gt1vc06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137853757"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gbadebo Moses Owolabi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137853757"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019013070","display_name":"Hamid Fallahdoost","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123946342","display_name":"Binghamton University","ror":"https://ror.org/008rmbt77","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamid Fallahdoost","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program, Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program, Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045558259","display_name":"Nikhil Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0516-7673","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0516-7673"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137853757","display_name":"Howard University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gt1vc06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137853757"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikhil Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137853757"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090054725","display_name":"Horace Whitworth","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137853757","display_name":"Howard University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gt1vc06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137853757"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Horace Whitworth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137853757"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033929530","display_name":"Grant M. Warner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137853757","display_name":"Howard University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gt1vc06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137853757"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Grant Warner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137853757"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069002549"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137853757"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5829,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57338079,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10204","display_name":"Microstructure and mechanical properties","score":0.9077000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10204","display_name":"Microstructure and mechanical properties","score":0.9077000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11201","display_name":"Metallurgy and Material Forming","score":0.027699999511241913,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10670","display_name":"Aluminum Alloy Microstructure Properties","score":0.02539999969303608,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/2219-aluminum-alloy","display_name":"2219 aluminum alloy","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryogenic-processing","display_name":"cryogenic processing","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/severe-plastic-deformation","display_name":"severe plastic deformation","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanocrystalline-structure","display_name":"nanocrystalline structure","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-refinement","display_name":"grain refinement","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tensile-strength","display_name":"tensile strength","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ductility","display_name":"ductility","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toughness","display_name":"toughness","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dislocation-accumulation","display_name":"dislocation accumulation","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fractography","display_name":"fractography","score":0.7440000176429749}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.9346545338630676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96494537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193057","display_name":"Forging","level":2,"score":0.9049672484397888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87976508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498213","display_name":"Microstructure","level":2,"score":0.7050503492355347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112950240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76005","display_name":"Ultimate tensile strength","level":2,"score":0.688517689704895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776512210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5311608","display_name":"Ductility (Earth science)","level":3,"score":0.6529263854026794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.5538232326507568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780026712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37756","display_name":"Alloy","level":2,"score":0.5204944014549255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99595764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486802","display_name":"Toughness","level":2,"score":0.4753172993659973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140676511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6964018","display_name":"Nanocrystalline material","level":2,"score":0.47046101093292236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.4547242224216461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45780264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866682","display_name":"Fractography","level":3,"score":0.42874181270599365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149912024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q462188","display_name":"Creep","level":2,"score":0.13520875573158264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5539/jmsr.v8n2p1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jmsr.v8n2p1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jmsr.v8n2p1","pdf_url":"http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jmsr/article/download/0/0/38745/39412","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764851692","display_name":"Journal of Materials Science Research","issn_l":"1927-0585","issn":["1927-0585","1927-0593"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322531","host_organization_name":"Canadian Center of Science and Education","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322531"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Canadian Center of Science and Education"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Materials Science Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5539/jmsr.v8n2p1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jmsr.v8n2p1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jmsr.v8n2p1","pdf_url":"http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jmsr/article/download/0/0/38745/39412","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764851692","display_name":"Journal of Materials Science Research","issn_l":"1927-0585","issn":["1927-0585","1927-0593"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322531","host_organization_name":"Canadian Center of Science and Education","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322531"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Canadian Center of Science and Education"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Materials Science Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5385673730","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W911NF-15-1-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","funder_display_name":"Army Research Office"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7452299184","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W911NF","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","funder_display_name":"Army Research Office"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8446814126","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W911NF-15-1-0457","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","funder_display_name":"Army Research Office"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","display_name":"Army Research Office","ror":"https://ror.org/05epdh915"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2919208095.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2919208095.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W599004566","https://openalex.org/W637247117","https://openalex.org/W982480257","https://openalex.org/W1964682786","https://openalex.org/W1980058573","https://openalex.org/W2005523505","https://openalex.org/W2007571085","https://openalex.org/W2010474782","https://openalex.org/W2023499447","https://openalex.org/W2027325619","https://openalex.org/W2029811543","https://openalex.org/W2044610603","https://openalex.org/W2048289318","https://openalex.org/W2055806022","https://openalex.org/W2065334572","https://openalex.org/W2071272403","https://openalex.org/W2074214998","https://openalex.org/W2080099522","https://openalex.org/W2087637646","https://openalex.org/W2168157615","https://openalex.org/W2217571577","https://openalex.org/W2274436605","https://openalex.org/W2599568076","https://openalex.org/W2768448144","https://openalex.org/W3201345211"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2914070919","https://openalex.org/W2471612562","https://openalex.org/W2901402359","https://openalex.org/W2507808715","https://openalex.org/W7203879461","https://openalex.org/W2912784337","https://openalex.org/W7215659117","https://openalex.org/W2989192389","https://openalex.org/W2772096705","https://openalex.org/W2913112198"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"the":[3,6,33,45,49,79,84,88,104,110,116,119,124,137,141,151,161,166,170,179,184,187],"microstructure":[4,35],"and":[5,20,27,92,107],"mechanical":[7,85,105],"behavior":[8],"of":[9,87,109,118,140,172,178,186,199],"nanocrystalline":[10],"AA2219":[11],"processed":[12],"by":[13],"multi":[14],"axial":[15],"forging":[16,99,146,158],"(MAF)":[17],"at":[18,53,57,169,193],"ambient":[19,188],"cryogenic":[21,46,58,98,131],"temperatures.":[22],"The":[23],"X-ray":[24],"diffraction":[25],"pattern":[26],"transmission":[28],"electron":[29],"microscopy":[30],"micrographs":[31],"in":[32,61,121,136],"initial":[34],"characterization":[36],"indicate":[37],"a":[38,194],"more":[39],"effective":[40],"severe":[41],"plastic":[42],"deformation":[43],"during":[44],"MAF":[47,56],"than":[48,197],"same":[50],"process":[51,159],"conducted":[52],"room":[54,152],"temperature.":[55],"temperature":[59,153,189],"results":[60,95],"crystallite":[62],"size":[63],"reduction":[64],"to":[65,74,82,150,160,175,181],"nanoscales":[66],"as":[67,69],"well":[68],"second":[70],"phase":[71],"particles":[72,76],"breakage":[73],"finer":[75],"which":[77],"are":[78],"crucial":[80],"factors":[81],"increasing":[83],"properties":[86],"material.":[89],"Fractography":[90],"analysis":[91],"tensile":[93,138,167],"tests":[94],"show":[96],"that":[97,198],"does":[100],"not":[101],"only":[102,143],"increase":[103,135],"strength":[106,139,168],"toughness":[108],"alloys":[111],"significantly,":[112],"but":[113],"also":[114],"improves":[115],"ductility":[117,173,185],"material":[120,142],"comparison":[122],"with":[123],"conventional":[125],"forging.":[126],"In":[127,155],"this":[128],"comparative":[129],"regard,":[130],"processing":[132],"provides":[133],"44%":[134],"after":[144],"2":[145],"cycles":[147,163],"when":[148],"compared":[149],"process.":[154],"addition,":[156],"further":[157],"next":[162],"slightly":[164],"enhances":[165],"expense":[171],"due":[174],"less":[176],"ability":[177],"dislocations":[180],"accumulate.":[182],"However,":[183],"forged":[190],"samples":[191],"decreases":[192],"faster":[195],"rate":[196],"cryoforged":[200],"samples.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2019-03-11T00:00:00"}
