{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2917840654","doi":null,"title":"An enhanced performance model for metamorphic computer virus classification and detectioN","display_name":"An enhanced performance model for metamorphic computer virus classification and detectioN","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2917840654","mag":"2917840654"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2917840654","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/38026/","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109431591","display_name":"Babak Bashari Rad","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Babak Basharirad","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1051-8404","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109431591"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metamorphic-viruses","display_name":"metamorphic viruses","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-virus-detection","display_name":"computer virus detection","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virus-taxonomy","display_name":"virus taxonomy","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-models","display_name":"hidden Markov models","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/portable-executable-files","display_name":"portable executable files","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-mutation","display_name":"code mutation","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antivirus-detection","display_name":"antivirus detection","score":0.4169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virus-families","display_name":"virus families","score":0.4410000145435333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160145156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778586","display_name":"Executable","level":2,"score":0.881182074546814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7158007025718689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19407854","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485","display_name":"Computer virus","level":2,"score":0.5590610504150391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21308566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7169365","display_name":"Permutation (music)","level":2,"score":0.5157754421234131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779696439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512811","display_name":"Signature (topology)","level":2,"score":0.45172590017318726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4414004683494568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4162621796131134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.26593971252441406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09648150205612183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2917840654","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/38026/","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":139,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3481992","https://openalex.org/W11261410","https://openalex.org/W33637200","https://openalex.org/W36091977","https://openalex.org/W67155947","https://openalex.org/W110141514","https://openalex.org/W163840697","https://openalex.org/W164692973","https://openalex.org/W183693092","https://openalex.org/W205194137","https://openalex.org/W229661732","https://openalex.org/W614032891","https://openalex.org/W647768381","https://openalex.org/W1020256256","https://openalex.org/W1481666073","https://openalex.org/W1488001421","https://openalex.org/W1492352846","https://openalex.org/W1506150955","https://openalex.org/W1526441817","https://openalex.org/W1529355025","https://openalex.org/W1536826708","https://openalex.org/W1537067540","https://openalex.org/W1537923806","https://openalex.org/W1542932561","https://openalex.org/W1542951150","https://openalex.org/W1543087127","https://openalex.org/W1544837488","https://openalex.org/W1546849562","https://openalex.org/W1551544633","https://openalex.org/W1558136956","https://openalex.org/W1559155956","https://openalex.org/W1563542718","https://openalex.org/W1564812524","https://openalex.org/W1567046609","https://openalex.org/W1570448133","https://openalex.org/W1573286687","https://openalex.org/W1585151117","https://openalex.org/W1587552079","https://openalex.org/W1590451972","https://openalex.org/W1591966580","https://openalex.org/W1595564425","https://openalex.org/W1599366360","https://openalex.org/W1636244751","https://openalex.org/W1649485034","https://openalex.org/W1680392829","https://openalex.org/W1808282866","https://openalex.org/W1864048541","https://openalex.org/W1871685342","https://openalex.org/W1873332500","https://openalex.org/W1966150547","https://openalex.org/W1966833356","https://openalex.org/W1967489804","https://openalex.org/W1971658793","https://openalex.org/W1973211701","https://openalex.org/W1975241418","https://openalex.org/W1987214724","https://openalex.org/W1997102766","https://openalex.org/W2002763011","https://openalex.org/W2003202741","https://openalex.org/W2003960842","https://openalex.org/W2006873532","https://openalex.org/W2009570821","https://openalex.org/W2021700397","https://openalex.org/W2024170198","https://openalex.org/W2042058229","https://openalex.org/W2043081704","https://openalex.org/W2046729992","https://openalex.org/W2047181172","https://openalex.org/W2053385741","https://openalex.org/W2056948938","https://openalex.org/W2062014810","https://openalex.org/W2062616915","https://openalex.org/W2066833290","https://openalex.org/W2072698166","https://openalex.org/W2086173258","https://openalex.org/W2091205549","https://openalex.org/W2096858107","https://openalex.org/W2097492617","https://openalex.org/W2099312541","https://openalex.org/W2105594594","https://openalex.org/W2107432340","https://openalex.org/W2108232550","https://openalex.org/W2109328551","https://openalex.org/W2110978214","https://openalex.org/W2111741004","https://openalex.org/W2113294746","https://openalex.org/W2114051457","https://openalex.org/W2117445280","https://openalex.org/W2117477833","https://openalex.org/W2119896695","https://openalex.org/W2120418828","https://openalex.org/W2121372682","https://openalex.org/W2122410182","https://openalex.org/W2122471594","https://openalex.org/W2122686415","https://openalex.org/W2125377711","https://openalex.org/W2125838338","https://openalex.org/W2126753728","https://openalex.org/W2126975788","https://openalex.org/W2128127670","https://openalex.org/W2132549764","https://openalex.org/W2138644293","https://openalex.org/W2139894301","https://openalex.org/W2140747479","https://openalex.org/W2140870987","https://openalex.org/W2141433008","https://openalex.org/W2141899961","https://openalex.org/W2142334564","https://openalex.org/W2143840485","https://openalex.org/W2144112223","https://openalex.org/W2148102958","https://openalex.org/W2155535003","https://openalex.org/W2156606946","https://openalex.org/W2158143121","https://openalex.org/W2166867080","https://openalex.org/W2167294353","https://openalex.org/W2167975832","https://openalex.org/W2171035369","https://openalex.org/W2172189017","https://openalex.org/W2172759716","https://openalex.org/W2182951193","https://openalex.org/W2230003753","https://openalex.org/W2241622872","https://openalex.org/W2286712112","https://openalex.org/W2311576956","https://openalex.org/W2335107214","https://openalex.org/W2409664136","https://openalex.org/W2486047736","https://openalex.org/W2488048529","https://openalex.org/W2494546154","https://openalex.org/W2532550198","https://openalex.org/W2561409010","https://openalex.org/W2613161123","https://openalex.org/W2775569191","https://openalex.org/W3104887532","https://openalex.org/W3121175530","https://openalex.org/W3124173952","https://openalex.org/W3147254695","https://openalex.org/W3204616723"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1584602838","https://openalex.org/W1616768385","https://openalex.org/W1561916341","https://openalex.org/W2069640103","https://openalex.org/W1572855107","https://openalex.org/W2072698166","https://openalex.org/W4250481295","https://openalex.org/W2993582363","https://openalex.org/W2110978214","https://openalex.org/W133700023"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Metamorphic":[0],"computer":[1,74,96,146],"virus":[2,75,122,182,220],"employs":[3],"various":[4],"code":[5,11],"mutation":[6],"techniques":[7],"to":[8,12,67,85,109,174,180,214],"change":[9],"its":[10],"become":[13],"new":[14],"generations.":[15],"These":[16],"generations":[17],"have":[18],"similar":[19],"behavior":[20],"and":[21,23,42,77,93,111,135,148,151,155,170,193,202,216,243],"functionality":[22],"yet,":[24],"they":[25],"could":[26],"not":[27],"be":[28,56,83],"detected":[29],"by":[30,58,127,142],"most":[31],"commercial":[32,137],"antivirus":[33,52,246],"because":[34],"their":[35,149],"solutions":[36],"depend":[37],"on":[38,73,103,163,199],"a":[39,69,181,228],"signature":[40],"database":[41],"make":[43],"use":[44],"of":[45,63,166,188,231,237],"string":[46],"signature-based":[47],"detection":[48,53,156,200,233],"methods.":[49,157],"However,":[50],"the":[51,113,129,144,152,177,186,189,209,218,238],"engine":[54],"can":[55],"avoided":[57],"metamorphism":[59],"techniques.":[60],"The":[61,79,205,235],"purpose":[62],"this":[64,159],"study":[65],"is":[66,212,240],"develop":[68],"performance":[70,187],"model":[71,80,118,160,211,239],"based":[72,198],"classification":[76],"detection.":[78],"would":[81,91],"also":[82,196],"able":[84,173,213],"examine":[86],"portable":[87,104,167,223],"executable":[88,105,168,224],"files":[89,106,169,178],"that":[90,119,208],"classify":[92,110,175,215],"detect":[94,112,217],"metamorphic":[95,114,145,219],"viruses.":[97,115],"A":[98],"Hidden":[99],"Markov":[100],"Model":[101],"implemented":[102,192],"was":[107,125,140,161,172,195],"employed":[108],"This":[116,139],"proposed":[117,210],"produce":[120],"common":[121],"statistical":[123],"patterns":[124],"evaluated":[126,197],"comparing":[128],"results":[130],"with":[131,227],"previous":[132],"related":[133],"works":[134],"famous":[136],"antiviruses.":[138],"done":[141],"investigating":[143],"viruses":[147],"features,":[150],"existing":[153],"classifications":[154],"Specifically,":[158],"applied":[162],"binary":[164],"format":[165,226],"it":[171],"if":[176],"belonged":[179],"family.":[183],"Besides":[184],"that,":[185],"model,":[190],"practically":[191],"tested,":[194],"rate":[201],"overall":[203],"accuracy.":[204],"findings":[206],"indicated":[207],"variants":[221],"in":[222],"file":[225],"high":[229],"average":[230],"99.7%":[232],"rate.":[234],"implementation":[236],"proven":[241],"useful":[242],"applicable":[244],"for":[245],"programs.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2019-03-02T00:00:00"}
