{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2917550808","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3287324.3287410","title":"Educational Experiences of Blind Programmers","display_name":"Educational Experiences of Blind Programmers","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2917550808","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3287324.3287410","mag":"2917550808"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3287324.3287410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3287324.3287410","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3287324.3287410","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3287324.3287410","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608709","display_name":"ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (SIGCSE)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 50th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3287324.3287410","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028984404","display_name":"Catherine M. Baker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6054-6396","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6054-6396"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114493937","display_name":"Creighton University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wf30g94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114493937"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Catherine M. Baker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114493937"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001257603","display_name":"Cynthia L. Bennett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1036-2497","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1036-2497"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cynthia L. Bennett","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043369298","display_name":"Richard E. Ladner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9413-6774","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9413-6774"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard E. Ladner","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.0244,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99017026,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"759","last_page":"765"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11514","display_name":"Disability Education and Employment","score":0.7788000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11514","display_name":"Disability Education and Employment","score":0.7788000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12481","display_name":"Digital Accessibility for Disabilities","score":0.1444000005722046,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.030700000002980232,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blind-programmers","display_name":"blind programmers","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visually-impaired-students","display_name":"visually impaired students","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/barriers-to-learning","display_name":"barriers to learning","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-isolation","display_name":"student isolation","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-motivation","display_name":"student motivation","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-education","display_name":"higher education","score":0.414000004529953}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122980154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205555","display_name":"Feeling","level":2,"score":0.6968188881874084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.6943443417549133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.5806773900985718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5536266565322876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775941552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25212305","display_name":"Isolation (microbiology)","level":2,"score":0.5501667261123657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4731234908103943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017715821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q688498","display_name":"Assistive technology","level":2,"score":0.4165087640285492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125209646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338878","display_name":"Cultural diversity","level":2,"score":0.41548120975494385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.3730354607105255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3530654311180115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.3415730595588684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3414101004600525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.1383933126926422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.1364751160144806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11220124363899231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3287324.3287410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3287324.3287410","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3287324.3287410","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3287324.3287410","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608709","display_name":"ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (SIGCSE)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 50th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3287324.3287410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3287324.3287410","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3287324.3287410","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3287324.3287410","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608709","display_name":"ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (SIGCSE)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 50th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9629999995231628,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"score":0.9235000014305115,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2099617666","display_name":"Graduate Research Fellowship Program (GRFP)","funder_award_id":"1256082","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2917550808.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2917550808.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1753208335","https://openalex.org/W1966876789","https://openalex.org/W1971359048","https://openalex.org/W2018679040","https://openalex.org/W2029365580","https://openalex.org/W2032114286","https://openalex.org/W2056472549","https://openalex.org/W2066961737","https://openalex.org/W2080313112","https://openalex.org/W2091169704","https://openalex.org/W2091229333","https://openalex.org/W2098785389","https://openalex.org/W2107735356","https://openalex.org/W2144901116"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2786878516","https://openalex.org/W2092059676","https://openalex.org/W2091229333","https://openalex.org/W3135329786","https://openalex.org/W2610235408","https://openalex.org/W2282305261","https://openalex.org/W4323526528","https://openalex.org/W2289185348","https://openalex.org/W3007235217","https://openalex.org/W7212307311"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"diversity":[1],"efforts":[2],"in":[3,25,70,83,133],"computer":[4],"science":[5],"begin":[6],"to":[7,18,49,54,81,106],"recognize":[8],"disabled":[9,58],"programmers":[10,24,68],"as":[11,51],"an":[12],"underrepresented":[13],"group,":[14],"we":[15,38,52],"step":[16],"back":[17],"chronicle":[19],"the":[20,45,73,84,100,104,115,130],"experiences":[21],"of":[22,65,93,114],"blind":[23,36,67,95],"higher":[26],"education.":[27],"Through":[28],"a":[29,63],"survey":[30],"and":[31,41,72,102,124],"follow-up":[32],"interviews":[33],"with":[34,108],"10":[35],"programmers,":[37],"share":[39],"reflections":[40],"barriers":[42,66,89,111],"important":[43],"for":[44,57],"computing":[46],"education":[47,97],"community":[48],"understand":[50],"attempt":[53],"welcoming":[55],"cultures":[56],"programmers.":[59],"Our":[60],"findings":[61],"illuminated":[62],"variety":[64],"faced":[69],"college":[71],"impact":[74],"that":[75,88],"they":[76],"had":[77],"on":[78],"their":[79,134],"ability":[80],"succeed":[82],"field.":[85],"We":[86],"found":[87],"permeate":[90],"all":[91,129],"parts":[92],"these":[94],"student's'":[96],"from":[98,127],"accessing":[99],"materials":[101],"doing":[103],"homework":[105],"working":[107],"professors.":[109],"These":[110],"increased":[112],"feelings":[113],"isolation,":[116],"decreased":[117],"motivation":[118],"especially":[119],"when":[120],"tasks":[121],"were":[122],"inaccessible,":[123],"prevented":[125],"them":[126],"learning":[128],"concepts":[131],"covered":[132],"degree":[135],"program.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2019-03-02T00:00:00"}