{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2917323948","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.02.017","title":"Gunshot residue background on police officers: Considerations for secondary transfer in GSR evidence evaluation","display_name":"Gunshot residue background on police officers: Considerations for secondary transfer in GSR evidence evaluation","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2917323948","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.02.017","mag":"2917323948","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30852412"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.02.017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.02.017","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.02.017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15336283","display_name":"Forensic Science International","issn_l":"0379-0738","issn":["0379-0738","1872-6283"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Forensic Science International","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005424445","display_name":"Nick Lucas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8632-1512","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8632-1512"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169541294","display_name":"Flinders University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kpzv902","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169541294"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nick Lucas","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia. Electronic address: Nick.Lucas@Flinders.edu.au","College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8632-1512","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia. Electronic address: Nick.Lucas@Flinders.edu.au","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169541294"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169541294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101703981","display_name":"Michael Cook","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8445-9227","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8445-9227"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Cook","raw_affiliation_strings":["Forensic Science SA, Divett Place, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Forensic Science SA, Divett Place, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076066190","display_name":"K. Paul Kirkbride","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7666-4039","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7666-4039"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169541294","display_name":"Flinders University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kpzv902","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169541294"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Paul Kirkbride","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169541294"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017807408","display_name":"Hilton J. Kobus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2244-0624","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2244-0624"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169541294","display_name":"Flinders University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kpzv902","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169541294"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hilton Kobus","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2244-0624","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169541294"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005424445"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169541294"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2600},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.8073,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94922609,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"297","issue":null,"first_page":"293","last_page":"301"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13192","display_name":"Forensic Fingerprint Detection Methods","score":0.9721999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13192","display_name":"Forensic Fingerprint Detection Methods","score":0.9721999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12265","display_name":"Gun Ownership and Violence Research","score":0.01269999984651804,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14493","display_name":"Criminal Law and Evidence","score":0.004100000020116568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gunshot-residue","display_name":"gunshot residue","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-transfer","display_name":"secondary transfer","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-officers","display_name":"police officers","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hand-contamination","display_name":"hand contamination","score":0.5189999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forensic-evidence-evaluation","display_name":"forensic evidence evaluation","score":0.5709999799728394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.6147953867912292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780409804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621701","display_name":"Apprehension","level":2,"score":0.5866674184799194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.4546948969364166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190385971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373494","display_name":"Injury prevention","level":3,"score":0.42960137128829956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4105672538280487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.35551416873931885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.34156063199043274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.22786474227905273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000965","descriptor_name":"Antimony","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000965","descriptor_name":"Antimony","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000965","descriptor_name":"Antimony","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001464","descriptor_name":"Barium","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001464","descriptor_name":"Barium","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001464","descriptor_name":"Barium","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005389","descriptor_name":"Firearms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005389","descriptor_name":"Firearms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005389","descriptor_name":"Firearms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006225","descriptor_name":"Hand","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006225","descriptor_name":"Hand","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006225","descriptor_name":"Hand","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007854","descriptor_name":"Lead","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007854","descriptor_name":"Lead","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007854","descriptor_name":"Lead","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008855","descriptor_name":"Microscopy, Electron, Scanning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008855","descriptor_name":"Microscopy, Electron, Scanning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008855","descriptor_name":"Microscopy, Electron, Scanning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012867","descriptor_name":"Skin","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012867","descriptor_name":"Skin","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012867","descriptor_name":"Skin","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014110","descriptor_name":"Touch","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014110","descriptor_name":"Touch","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014110","descriptor_name":"Touch","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016495","descriptor_name":"Police","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016495","descriptor_name":"Police","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016495","descriptor_name":"Police","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.02.017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.02.017","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.02.017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15336283","display_name":"Forensic Science International","issn_l":"0379-0738","issn":["0379-0738","1872-6283"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Forensic Science International","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30852412","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30852412","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Forensic science international","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.7297000288963318,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"},{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5683000087738037,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.5099999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315501","display_name":"Government of South Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/04g3scy39"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7019079","https://openalex.org/W44508010","https://openalex.org/W647382808","https://openalex.org/W995376335","https://openalex.org/W1163059611","https://openalex.org/W1919600163","https://openalex.org/W1995435091","https://openalex.org/W1998988934","https://openalex.org/W2010949113","https://openalex.org/W2013662709","https://openalex.org/W2016642185","https://openalex.org/W2078100553","https://openalex.org/W2123891083","https://openalex.org/W2136757263","https://openalex.org/W2292089893","https://openalex.org/W2292648763","https://openalex.org/W2551898013","https://openalex.org/W2619760819"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1163059611","https://openalex.org/W2016642185","https://openalex.org/W2551898013","https://openalex.org/W4399592473","https://openalex.org/W2913296550","https://openalex.org/W2135724858","https://openalex.org/W1919600163","https://openalex.org/W7117541882","https://openalex.org/W2891590345","https://openalex.org/W2013662709"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2019-03-02T00:00:00"}