{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2914860518","doi":null,"title":"A Mechanism for Attending to 'Unusual' Object Properties, and its Role in a Model of Object Categorization","display_name":"A Mechanism for Attending to 'Unusual' Object Properties, and its Role in a Model of Object Categorization","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2914860518","mag":"2914860518"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.64OTAGO_INST:11396861330001891","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/esploro/outputs/doctoral/A-Mechanism-for-Attending-to-Unusual/9926480261501891","pdf_url":"https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/view/delivery/64OTAGO_INST/12396861320001891/13397311270001891","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402094","display_name":"Otago University Research Archive (University of Otago)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I80281795","host_organization_name":"University of Otago","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Doctoral Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/view/delivery/64OTAGO_INST/12396861320001891/13397311270001891","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Christopher B. Gorman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7367-2965","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7367-2965"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christopher B. Gorman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7367-2965","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12694","display_name":"Categorization, perception, and language","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12694","display_name":"Categorization, perception, and language","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.0034000000450760126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inhibition-of-return","display_name":"inhibition of return","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/category-prototypes","display_name":"category prototypes","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hopfield-neural-network","display_name":"Hopfield neural network","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-representations","display_name":"distributed representations","score":0.6050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-attention","display_name":"visual attention","score":0.4189999997615814}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.8586522340774536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.8000035285949707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.7352752089500427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20894473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1116105","display_name":"Object model","level":3,"score":0.44277578592300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.40452122688293457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39195016026496887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.38131654262542725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3530268967151642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.1650390923023224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.10265782475471497}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.64OTAGO_INST:11396861330001891","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/esploro/outputs/doctoral/A-Mechanism-for-Attending-to-Unusual/9926480261501891","pdf_url":"https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/view/delivery/64OTAGO_INST/12396861320001891/13397311270001891","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402094","display_name":"Otago University Research Archive (University of Otago)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I80281795","host_organization_name":"University of Otago","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Doctoral Thesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ourarchive.otago.ac.nz:10523/8922","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10523/8922","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402094","display_name":"Otago University Research Archive (University of Otago)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I80281795","host_organization_name":"University of Otago","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis or Dissertation"},{"id":"mag:2914860518","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://otago.ourarchive.ac.nz/handle/10523/8922","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.64OTAGO_INST:11396861330001891","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/esploro/outputs/doctoral/A-Mechanism-for-Attending-to-Unusual/9926480261501891","pdf_url":"https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/view/delivery/64OTAGO_INST/12396861320001891/13397311270001891","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402094","display_name":"Otago University Research Archive (University of Otago)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I80281795","host_organization_name":"University of Otago","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Doctoral Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2914860518.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2914860518.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":203,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W19621276","https://openalex.org/W65738273","https://openalex.org/W133892329","https://openalex.org/W189277179","https://openalex.org/W410247960","https://openalex.org/W562707825","https://openalex.org/W1496492452","https://openalex.org/W1497599070","https://openalex.org/W1515984610","https://openalex.org/W1520121841","https://openalex.org/W1539380049","https://openalex.org/W1562753845","https://openalex.org/W1566497823","https://openalex.org/W1573706465","https://openalex.org/W1574895060","https://openalex.org/W1583309920","https://openalex.org/W1587337696","https://openalex.org/W1595033594","https://openalex.org/W1596839545","https://openalex.org/W1601867506","https://openalex.org/W1638832135","https://openalex.org/W1660104161","https://openalex.org/W1669764036","https://openalex.org/W1672197616","https://openalex.org/W1679913846","https://openalex.org/W1926683102","https://openalex.org/W1931428308","https://openalex.org/W1965580172","https://openalex.org/W1968524114","https://openalex.org/W1970813682","https://openalex.org/W1970867564","https://openalex.org/W1974777011","https://openalex.org/W1975754309","https://openalex.org/W1980350735","https://openalex.org/W1980354067","https://openalex.org/W1980415191","https://openalex.org/W1983275576","https://openalex.org/W1983758697","https://openalex.org/W1984314602","https://openalex.org/W1985076430","https://openalex.org/W1985254314","https://openalex.org/W1985820923","https://openalex.org/W1986715424","https://openalex.org/W1987959440","https://openalex.org/W1988254330","https://openalex.org/W1989821051","https://openalex.org/W1990517717","https://openalex.org/W1991263701","https://openalex.org/W1995433152","https://openalex.org/W1995467761","https://openalex.org/W1995779818","https://openalex.org/W1996646680","https://openalex.org/W1998268097","https://openalex.org/W1999478556","https://openalex.org/W2000200144","https://openalex.org/W2001029566","https://openalex.org/W2002728670","https://openalex.org/W2004133602","https://openalex.org/W2004598181","https://openalex.org/W2005746628","https://openalex.org/W2008270441","https://openalex.org/W2013897917","https://openalex.org/W2015304077","https://openalex.org/W2017093182","https://openalex.org/W2017933888","https://openalex.org/W2018124860","https://openalex.org/W2018286747","https://openalex.org/W2018413314","https://openalex.org/W2025484736","https://openalex.org/W2028013073","https://openalex.org/W2029805795","https://openalex.org/W2030397019","https://openalex.org/W2031033888","https://openalex.org/W2033464247","https://openalex.org/W2033729446","https://openalex.org/W2034676897","https://openalex.org/W2039591273","https://openalex.org/W2042628378","https://openalex.org/W2047392368","https://openalex.org/W2047866469","https://openalex.org/W2049738347","https://openalex.org/W2054339120","https://openalex.org/W2056966561","https://openalex.org/W2057537725","https://openalex.org/W2057757222","https://openalex.org/W2058404352","https://openalex.org/W2064686611","https://openalex.org/W2065811242","https://openalex.org/W2069158868","https://openalex.org/W2070984046","https://openalex.org/W2071817987","https://openalex.org/W2073683361","https://openalex.org/W2075341242","https://openalex.org/W2075710390","https://openalex.org/W2076830654","https://openalex.org/W2078894748","https://openalex.org/W2082389353","https://openalex.org/W2083169398","https://openalex.org/W2083473390","https://openalex.org/W2083918317","https://openalex.org/W2089055054","https://openalex.org/W2089632738","https://openalex.org/W2092919341","https://openalex.org/W2093692376","https://openalex.org/W2094048962","https://openalex.org/W2095294109","https://openalex.org/W2097028840","https://openalex.org/W2098550603","https://openalex.org/W2099092193","https://openalex.org/W2100495367","https://openalex.org/W2100524686","https://openalex.org/W2100976300","https://openalex.org/W2101309088","https://openalex.org/W2102286993","https://openalex.org/W2107878631","https://openalex.org/W2108111692","https://openalex.org/W2108379336","https://openalex.org/W2109264597","https://openalex.org/W2109746343","https://openalex.org/W2110245380","https://openalex.org/W2110765924","https://openalex.org/W2111337500","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2114167410","https://openalex.org/W2117268255","https://openalex.org/W2119527039","https://openalex.org/W2123045220","https://openalex.org/W2123341385","https://openalex.org/W2127773537","https://openalex.org/W2128084896","https://openalex.org/W2128272608","https://openalex.org/W2129006724","https://openalex.org/W2129638200","https://openalex.org/W2130545318","https://openalex.org/W2132089731","https://openalex.org/W2132984323","https://openalex.org/W2133319764","https://openalex.org/W2133319859","https://openalex.org/W2135706578","https://openalex.org/W2136922672","https://openalex.org/W2138733328","https://openalex.org/W2138930657","https://openalex.org/W2139975645","https://openalex.org/W2140439590","https://openalex.org/W2141303268","https://openalex.org/W2144035277","https://openalex.org/W2144354855","https://openalex.org/W2144521508","https://openalex.org/W2144764737","https://openalex.org/W2147334147","https://openalex.org/W2147524202","https://openalex.org/W2147724639","https://openalex.org/W2147994905","https://openalex.org/W2149270675","https://openalex.org/W2149767656","https://openalex.org/W2149981795","https://openalex.org/W2152490223","https://openalex.org/W2154949446","https://openalex.org/W2158231811","https://openalex.org/W2158422865","https://openalex.org/W2160254296","https://openalex.org/W2160726327","https://openalex.org/W2161049344","https://openalex.org/W2162611718","https://openalex.org/W2162931300","https://openalex.org/W2163900690","https://openalex.org/W2164582339","https://openalex.org/W2165031188","https://openalex.org/W2167091752","https://openalex.org/W2169501191","https://openalex.org/W2170014483","https://openalex.org/W2170393096","https://openalex.org/W2170537916","https://openalex.org/W2170541567","https://openalex.org/W2171680637","https://openalex.org/W2176412452","https://openalex.org/W2177085946","https://openalex.org/W2178237821","https://openalex.org/W2317747985","https://openalex.org/W2400200933","https://openalex.org/W2414284761","https://openalex.org/W2466796873","https://openalex.org/W2486699823","https://openalex.org/W2493265692","https://openalex.org/W2493441420","https://openalex.org/W2505199045","https://openalex.org/W2562688394","https://openalex.org/W2579555219","https://openalex.org/W2608501910","https://openalex.org/W2612246789","https://openalex.org/W2624476818","https://openalex.org/W2734741635","https://openalex.org/W2756851967","https://openalex.org/W2783474053","https://openalex.org/W2889512383","https://openalex.org/W2915757076","https://openalex.org/W2952186574","https://openalex.org/W3036846224","https://openalex.org/W4234221728","https://openalex.org/W4238991252","https://openalex.org/W4241027858","https://openalex.org/W4248646870","https://openalex.org/W4292552611"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2785778907","https://openalex.org/W2078643621","https://openalex.org/W2169214866","https://openalex.org/W7099705297","https://openalex.org/W2516497056","https://openalex.org/W2065464747","https://openalex.org/W7095304325","https://openalex.org/W2589803220","https://openalex.org/W2115592544","https://openalex.org/W2922013362"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Categorization":[0],"is":[1,32,36,47,73,124,193,284,340,411,419,503,536],"one":[2],"of":[3,8,21,79,120,131,159,166,170,184,199,219,223,241,246,279,289,317,330,366,385,398,408,430,441,457,462,474,511,515,526],"the":[4,88,97,129,137,157,160,164,167,197,217,238,264,314,318,327,331,335,338,346,362,396,399,409,439,466,512],"most":[5,20],"fundamental":[6],"aspects":[7],"human":[9,308],"cognition.":[10],"From":[11],"soon":[12],"after":[13],"birth,":[14],"humans":[15],"form":[16],"categories":[17,233],"based":[18],"on":[19,111,286,307,482],"our":[22,44,427],"sensory":[23],"inputs.":[24],"Stevan":[25],"Harnad":[26],"(2005)":[27],"famously":[28],"said,":[29],"\u201cTo":[30],"cognize":[31],"to":[33,67,96,101,163,173,196,237,294,325,344,354,361,377,395,540],"categorize:":[34],"cognition":[35],"categorization\u201d.":[37],"Every":[38],"concrete":[39],"concept":[40],"that":[41,65,87,107,134,141,189,229,244,487],"features":[42],"in":[43,202,216,445,454],"mental":[45],"processes":[46],"an":[48,125,182,203,423,546],"abstraction":[49],"\u2014":[50],"a":[51,77,112,142,149,210,221,273,295,299,356,405,412,414,446,480,483],"categorization":[52,54],"operation.\\n\\nWhile":[53],"has":[55,145],"been":[56,146],"studied":[57],"for":[58,212,426,549],"decades,":[59],"there":[60],"are":[61,94,252,261,375,443,452],"many":[62],"outstanding":[63],"questions":[64],"remain":[66],"be":[68],"answered.":[69],"One":[70],"key":[71],"question":[72],"how":[74],"infants":[75],"learn":[76,326,345,379,542],"hierarchy":[78,222],"categories.":[80,225],"In":[81,205,254],"this":[82,185,190,213,255,280],"thesis,":[83],"we":[84,105,116,207,227,351,401,421],"will":[85],"argue":[86],"mechanisms":[89,98,109],"underlying":[90],"hierarchical":[91],"category":[92,269,297,309,367,431],"development":[93],"related":[95],"controlling":[99],"attention":[100,236],"object":[102,144,162,169,224,232,247,464,476,528],"properties.":[103,477],"Specifically,":[104,226],"propose":[106,228],"both":[108],"rest":[110],"single":[113],"operation,":[114,337],"which":[115],"call":[117],"property-level":[118],"inhibition":[119,130,336],"return":[121,132],"(IOR).":[122],"IOR":[123,154,191,214,434],"operation":[126,155,192,215,435],"inspired":[127],"by":[128,263,268],"process":[133,218],"exists":[135],"within":[136],"visual":[138,463,475,527],"system.":[139],"Assume":[140],"token":[143,161,287,386],"classified":[147],"as":[148,181,493],"certain":[150],"type":[151,171],"T.":[152],"The":[153,302,433,459,506],"compares":[156],"properties":[158,165,201,240,251,260,440,451,514],"'prototypical'":[168],"T,":[172],"identify":[174],"what":[175,194],"(if":[176],"anything)":[177],"makes":[178],"it":[179,323,418],"unusual":[180,239,250,259],"instance":[183],"type.":[186],"We":[187,388,478],"suggest":[188],"leads":[195],"apprehension":[198],"isolated":[200],"object.":[204],"addition,":[206],"also":[208,389],"posit":[209],"role":[211],"learning":[220,230,310,368,496],"finer-grained":[231],"involves":[234],"systematic":[235],"objects,":[242,291],"so":[243],"sub-types":[245],"with":[248],"similar":[249],"identified.":[253],"text,":[256],"usual":[257],"and":[258,298,311,321],"defined":[262],"statistical":[265],"regularities":[266],"encoded":[267],"prototypes.\\n\\nWe":[270],"first":[271,312],"develop":[272],"proof-of-concept":[274],"unsupervised":[275],"neural":[276,371],"network":[277,339,410,486,508],"model":[278,283,303,350,429,461,535],"hypothesis.":[281],"This":[282,534],"trained":[285],"instances":[288],"several":[290],"each":[292],"belonging":[293],"basic-level":[296,319,347],"subordinate-level":[300,332],"category.":[301,333],"mimics":[304],"experimental":[305],"data":[306],"learns":[313,470],"strong":[315],"correlations":[316,329],"category,":[320,415],"then":[322],"starts":[324],"subtle":[328],"Without":[334],"only":[341,436],"ever":[342],"able":[343,376,539],"categories.\\n\\nThe":[348],"next":[349],"introduce":[352],"attempts":[353],"provide":[355],"more":[357],"neurally":[358],"plausible":[359],"(compared":[360],"previous":[363],"model)":[364],"account":[365],"using":[369,392],"Hopfield-type":[370],"networks.":[372],"These":[373],"networks":[374,517],"reliably":[378,541],"prototypes":[380],"from":[381],"abstract,":[382],"distributed":[383,472,532],"representations":[384,473,525],"objects.":[387],"show":[390],"that,":[391],"information":[393],"inherent":[394],"execution":[397],"network,":[400,469],"can":[402],"determine":[403],"if":[404,417,438],"given":[406],"state":[407],"token,":[413],"or":[416],"spurious.\\n\\nFinally,":[420],"address":[422],"important":[424,513],"precondition":[425],"IOR-based":[428],"learning.":[432],"works":[437],"objects":[442],"represented":[444,453],"'localist'":[447],"scheme,":[448],"where":[449],"different":[450],"separate":[455],"populations":[456],"neurons.":[458],"dominant":[460],"classification,":[465],"deep":[467,484],"convolutional":[468,485,516],"highly":[471],"present":[479],"variant":[481],"uses":[488],"Kohonen's":[489],"self-organizing":[490],"maps":[491],"(SOMs)":[492],"its":[494],"core":[495],"architecture,":[497],"rather":[498,530],"than":[499,531],"error":[500],"backpropagation":[501],"(which":[502],"biologically":[504],"questionable).":[505],"SOM-based":[507],"preserves":[509],"some":[510],"(hierarchical":[518],"structure,":[519],"spatial":[520],"abstraction),":[521],"but":[522,544],"delivers":[523],"localist":[524],"properties,":[529],"ones.":[533],"currently":[537],"not":[538],"categories,":[543],"provides":[545],"interesting":[547],"avenue":[548],"further":[550],"research.":[551]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2019-02-21T00:00:00"}
