{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2914501196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icse.2019.00087","title":"A Neural Model for Generating Natural Language Summaries of Program Subroutines","display_name":"A Neural Model for Generating Natural Language Summaries of Program Subroutines","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2914501196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icse.2019.00087","mag":"2914501196"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icse.2019.00087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icse.2019.00087","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icse.2019.00087","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210203175","display_name":"ACM/IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering: Companion Proceedings (ICSE-Companion)","issn_l":"0270-5257","issn":["0270-5257","1558-1225"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE/ACM 41st International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2914501196"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1902.01954","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015785386","display_name":"Alexander LeClair","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander LeClair","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA","University of Notre Dame"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Notre Dame","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019469415","display_name":"Siyuan Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0684-789X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0684-789X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138216421","display_name":"Eastern Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ehshm78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138216421"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siyuan Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA","Eastern Michigan University ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138216421"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eastern Michigan University ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138216421"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084874990","display_name":"Collin McMillan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0887-1083","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0887-1083"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Collin McMillan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA","University of Notre Dame"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Notre Dame","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":25.9125,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":324,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99805568,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"795","last_page":"806"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11450","display_name":"Model-Driven Software Engineering Techniques","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code-summarization","display_name":"source code summarization","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstract-syntax-tree","display_name":"abstract syntax tree","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-structure","display_name":"code structure","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-machine-translation","display_name":"neural machine translation","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/java-methods","display_name":"Java methods","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-documentation-generation","display_name":"automatic documentation generation","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-comprehension","display_name":"program comprehension","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-maintenance","display_name":"software maintenance","score":0.5659999847412109}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8613791465759277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777561058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2652119","display_name":"Program comprehension","level":4,"score":0.8356336951255798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56666940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788790","display_name":"Documentation","level":2,"score":0.6427831649780273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.6421853303909302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170858558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1394144","display_name":"Automatic summarization","level":2,"score":0.6097586154937744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5548158288002014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154504017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853614","display_name":"Identifier","level":2,"score":0.5356959700584412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5163367986679077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5076078176498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.5060064196586609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152752567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116877","display_name":"Code refactoring","level":3,"score":0.4975745975971222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48673251271247864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548217200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251","display_name":"Java","level":2,"score":0.4659477472305298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.46442997455596924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140396857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16934771","display_name":"Internal documentation","level":5,"score":0.4550441801548004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.45148971676826477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96147967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190686","display_name":"Subroutine","level":2,"score":0.44503650069236755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120012220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754533","display_name":"Source text","level":2,"score":0.41980451345443726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.4148576557636261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.3122274577617645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.2187815010547638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.12925922870635986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.09069457650184631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icse.2019.00087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icse.2019.00087","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icse.2019.00087","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210203175","display_name":"ACM/IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering: Companion Proceedings (ICSE-Companion)","issn_l":"0270-5257","issn":["0270-5257","1558-1225"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE/ACM 41st International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1902.01954","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1902.01954","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1902.01954","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2914501196","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1902.01954v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1902.01954","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1902.01954","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1902.01954","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1902.01954","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1902.01954","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1902.01954","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2524893602","display_name":"SHF: Small: Enabling Software Engineering Virtual Assistant Technology","funder_award_id":"1717607","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G408383381","display_name":"CAREER:Understanding Program Comprehension for Automated Software Documentation Generation","funder_award_id":"1452959","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5165790838","display_name":"CI-EN: Collaborative Research:  TraceLab Community Infrastructure for Replication, Collaboration, and Innovation","funder_award_id":"1510329","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2914501196.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2914501196.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W196214544","https://openalex.org/W1811254738","https://openalex.org/W1860267373","https://openalex.org/W1895577753","https://openalex.org/W1902237438","https://openalex.org/W1987353911","https://openalex.org/W1989184611","https://openalex.org/W1994683471","https://openalex.org/W2018844270","https://openalex.org/W2022557060","https://openalex.org/W2081749632","https://openalex.org/W2082160726","https://openalex.org/W2097001189","https://openalex.org/W2101105183","https://openalex.org/W2109125971","https://openalex.org/W2111643214","https://openalex.org/W2111909698","https://openalex.org/W2118655104","https://openalex.org/W2126793110","https://openalex.org/W2130942839","https://openalex.org/W2133333349","https://openalex.org/W2133564696","https://openalex.org/W2136296681","https://openalex.org/W2140183398","https://openalex.org/W2157943826","https://openalex.org/W2162363818","https://openalex.org/W2163960678","https://openalex.org/W2166879716","https://openalex.org/W2174492417","https://openalex.org/W2242083635","https://openalex.org/W2257123346","https://openalex.org/W2294980783","https://openalex.org/W2390085541","https://openalex.org/W2516621648","https://openalex.org/W2517332594","https://openalex.org/W2550821151","https://openalex.org/W2557283755","https://openalex.org/W2575629043","https://openalex.org/W2626778328","https://openalex.org/W2728773317","https://openalex.org/W2740130862","https://openalex.org/W2741927184","https://openalex.org/W2754629507","https://openalex.org/W2788306232","https://openalex.org/W2793012319","https://openalex.org/W2794601162","https://openalex.org/W2807964941","https://openalex.org/W2807997917","https://openalex.org/W2884276923","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2949335953","https://openalex.org/W2963758027","https://openalex.org/W2963935794","https://openalex.org/W2963954913","https://openalex.org/W2963958373","https://openalex.org/W2964308564","https://openalex.org/W2964315653","https://openalex.org/W2964322208","https://openalex.org/W4251218026","https://openalex.org/W6898505805"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6939829666","https://openalex.org/W3184831477","https://openalex.org/W2742884207","https://openalex.org/W3177649442","https://openalex.org/W3014173464","https://openalex.org/W4210831819","https://openalex.org/W4384158954","https://openalex.org/W4385227472","https://openalex.org/W3014755496","https://openalex.org/W4411359767"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Source":[0],"code":[1,10,92,94,118],"summarization":[2],"--":[3,12],"creating":[4],"natural":[5],"language":[6],"descriptions":[7],"of":[8,57,121],"source":[9,107],"behavior":[11],"is":[13,142],"a":[14,85,109,149],"rapidly-growing":[15],"research":[16],"topic":[17],"with":[18,93,148],"applications":[19],"to":[20,76,116],"automatic":[21],"documentation":[22,141],"generation,":[23],"program":[24],"comprehension,":[25],"and":[26,34,167],"software":[27],"maintenance.":[28],"Traditional":[29],"techniques":[30,59,163],"relied":[31],"on":[32,45,63],"heuristics":[33],"templates":[35],"built":[36],"manually":[37],"by":[38],"human":[39],"experts.":[40],"Recently,":[41],"data-driven":[42],"approaches":[43],"based":[44],"neural":[46,86],"machine":[47],"translation":[48],"have":[49],"largely":[50],"overtaken":[51],"template-based":[52],"systems.":[53],"But":[54],"nearly":[55],"all":[56],"these":[58],"rely":[60],"almost":[61],"entirely":[62],"programs":[64],"having":[65],"good":[66,78],"internal":[67,140],"documentation;":[68],"without":[69],"clear":[70],"identifier":[71],"names,":[72],"the":[73,114,122],"models":[74],"fail":[75],"create":[77],"summaries.":[79],"In":[80],"this":[81],"paper,":[82],"we":[83,151],"present":[84],"model":[87,103,115],"that":[88],"combines":[89],"words":[90],"from":[91,96,153,164,169],"structure":[95,119],"an":[97],"AST.":[98],"Unlike":[99],"previous":[100],"approaches,":[101],"our":[102,129,146],"processes":[104],"each":[105],"data":[106],"as":[108],"separate":[110],"input,":[111],"which":[112],"allows":[113],"learn":[117],"independent":[120],"text":[123],"in":[124,134],"code.":[125],"This":[126],"process":[127],"helps":[128],"approach":[130],"provide":[131],"coherent":[132],"summaries":[133],"many":[135],"cases":[136],"even":[137],"when":[138],"zero":[139],"provided.":[143],"We":[144,157],"evaluate":[145],"technique":[147],"dataset":[150],"created":[152],"2.1m":[154],"Java":[155],"methods.":[156],"find":[158],"improvement":[159],"over":[160],"two":[161],"baseline":[162],"SE":[165],"literature":[166],"one":[168],"NLP":[170],"literature.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":66},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":69},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":59},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2019-02-21T00:00:00"}
