{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2913994486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics8020161","title":"Generalized Cascaded Symmetric and Level Doubling Multilevel Converter Topology with Reduced THD for Photovoltaic Applications","display_name":"Generalized Cascaded Symmetric and Level Doubling Multilevel Converter Topology with Reduced THD for Photovoltaic Applications","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2913994486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics8020161","mag":"2913994486"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/electronics8020161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics8020161","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8020161","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/8/2/161/pdf?version=1549015157","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202905","display_name":"Electronics","issn_l":"2079-9292","issn":["2079-9292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/8/2/161/pdf?version=1549015157","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000739142","display_name":"Karthikeyan Dhandapani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1866-0405","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1866-0405"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145286018","display_name":"SRM Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/050113w36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145286018"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karthikeyan D","raw_affiliation_strings":["SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1866-0405","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145286018"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Vijayakumar K","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0376-6293","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0376-6293"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145286018","display_name":"SRM Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/050113w36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145286018"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vijayakumar K","raw_affiliation_strings":["SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0376-6293","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145286018"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023128882","display_name":"Jagabar Sathik Mohamed Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9494-4090","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9494-4090"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145286018","display_name":"SRM Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/050113w36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145286018"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jagabar Sathik M","raw_affiliation_strings":["SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4247-8972","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145286018"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145286018"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1418},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1418},"fwci":1.0836,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74669151,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"2","first_page":"161","last_page":"161"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10228","display_name":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10228","display_name":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11102","display_name":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10175","display_name":"Advanced DC-DC Converters","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilevel-converters","display_name":"multilevel converters","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cascaded-converter-topology","display_name":"cascaded converter topology","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-harmonic-distortion-reduction","display_name":"total harmonic distortion reduction","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nearest-level-modulation","display_name":"nearest level modulation","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-grid-connection","display_name":"photovoltaic grid connection","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fpga-based-controller","display_name":"FPGA-based controller","score":0.6340000033378601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.6291284561157227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42156128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162641","display_name":"Total harmonic distortion","level":3,"score":0.6020848751068115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5588546395301819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103357873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q572656","display_name":"Switched capacitor","level":4,"score":0.5528973340988159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.5003488063812256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78434282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11656","display_name":"Diode","level":2,"score":0.4967272877693176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.48787546157836914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100329506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336439","display_name":"\u0106uk converter","level":4,"score":0.4758864641189575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4493180811405182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.42011743783950806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4066857099533081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.4048589766025543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.395624577999115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3536640405654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.34387046098709106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.23566502332687378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/electronics8020161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics8020161","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8020161","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/8/2/161/pdf?version=1549015157","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202905","display_name":"Electronics","issn_l":"2079-9292","issn":["2079-9292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ff7b3d9560474b9890fed93462765b8e","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ff7b3d9560474b9890fed93462765b8e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electronics, Vol 8, Iss 2, p 161 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/electronics8020161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics8020161","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8020161","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/8/2/161/pdf?version=1549015157","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202905","display_name":"Electronics","issn_l":"2079-9292","issn":["2079-9292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2913994486.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2913994486.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988224651","https://openalex.org/W2003594120","https://openalex.org/W2012299837","https://openalex.org/W2020077843","https://openalex.org/W2027723017","https://openalex.org/W2083048944","https://openalex.org/W2088980170","https://openalex.org/W2091902470","https://openalex.org/W2129380951","https://openalex.org/W2143952868","https://openalex.org/W2149838978","https://openalex.org/W2159229988","https://openalex.org/W2160830391","https://openalex.org/W2179763376","https://openalex.org/W2281693041","https://openalex.org/W2588489920","https://openalex.org/W2602898798","https://openalex.org/W2618011648","https://openalex.org/W2747340741","https://openalex.org/W2754549379","https://openalex.org/W2790518575","https://openalex.org/W2809452131","https://openalex.org/W3033804618"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2510788573","https://openalex.org/W2530678934","https://openalex.org/W2288831126","https://openalex.org/W2023255085","https://openalex.org/W4312245341","https://openalex.org/W2081869803","https://openalex.org/W2355649350","https://openalex.org/W2110528594","https://openalex.org/W2313880051","https://openalex.org/W2164875967"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,64],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"two":[3,32],"different":[4,33],"converter":[5,14,39,57,145],"topologies":[6],"for":[7,24,153],"a":[8,16,66,122,130,149],"basic":[9],"new":[10,67],"switched":[11,36,44,49,132],"capacitor":[12],"diode":[13,37,45,50],"with":[15,51,60,99,129],"reduced":[17],"number":[18],"of":[19,35,112,141],"power":[20],"electronics":[21],"components,":[22],"suitable":[23],"grid":[25],"connected":[26],"photovoltaic":[27],"applications":[28],"were":[29],"proposed.":[30,75],"The":[31,54,93,110],"structures":[34],"multilevel":[38,56,134,144],"proposed":[40,77,94,114],"were:":[41],"(i)":[42],"cascaded":[43,48],"and":[46,88,105,127,146,155],"(ii)":[47],"doubling":[52],"circuit.":[53],"switched-diode":[55,143],"was":[58,74,97,119,158],"compared":[59,98],"other":[61],"recent":[62],"converters.":[63],"addition,":[65],"dc":[68,78,115],"offset":[69,79,116],"nearest":[70,101],"level":[71,102],"modulation":[72,95,103,117,147],"technique":[73,80,96,118],"This":[76],"offers":[81],"low":[82],"voltage":[83],"total":[84],"harmonic":[85],"distortion":[86],"(THD)":[87],"high":[89],"RMS":[90],"output":[91],"voltage.":[92],"conventional":[100],"(NLM)":[104],"modified":[106],"NLM":[107],"control":[108],"techniques.":[109],"performance":[111],"the":[113,139,142],"implemented":[120],"using":[121],"FPGA":[123],"Spartan":[124],"3E":[125],"controller":[126],"tested":[128],"novel":[131],"capacitor-diode":[133],"converter.":[135],"However,":[136],"to":[137],"prove":[138],"authenticity":[140],"technique,":[148],"laboratory-based":[150],"prototype":[151],"model":[152],"7-level":[154],"13-level":[156],"converters":[157],"developed.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2019-02-21T00:00:00"}