{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2913743243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2019.02.001","title":"The tone and readability of the media during the financial crisis: Evidence from pre-IPO media coverage","display_name":"The tone and readability of the media during the financial crisis: Evidence from pre-IPO media coverage","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2913743243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2019.02.001","mag":"2913743243"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.irfa.2019.02.001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2019.02.001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2019.02.001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145572626","display_name":"International Review of Financial Analysis","issn_l":"1057-5219","issn":["1057-5219","1873-8079"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Review of Financial Analysis","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Arti Bhardwaj","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arti Bhardwaj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018590018","display_name":"Shahed Imam","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shahed Imam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018590018"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"],"apc_list":{"value":1100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1100},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9339,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93261965,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":null,"first_page":"40","last_page":"48"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10047","display_name":"Financial Markets and Investment Strategies","score":0.9053000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10047","display_name":"Financial Markets and Investment Strategies","score":0.9053000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10081","display_name":"Auditing, Earnings Management, Governance","score":0.024900000542402267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12123","display_name":"Financial Analysis and Corporate Governance","score":0.011300000362098217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/media-tone","display_name":"media tone","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/readability","display_name":"readability","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/initial-public-offerings","display_name":"initial public offerings","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ipo-underpricing","display_name":"IPO underpricing","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/2008-financial-crisis","display_name":"2008 financial crisis","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impression-formation","display_name":"impression formation","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-uncertainty","display_name":"economic uncertainty","score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/media-coverage","display_name":"media coverage","score":0.41499999165534973}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778143727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820650","display_name":"Readability","level":2,"score":0.8162760734558105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780583480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1366327","display_name":"Tone (literature)","level":2,"score":0.7813011407852173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12559387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185142","display_name":"Initial public offering","level":2,"score":0.7315946817398071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.627582848072052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778300220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114380","display_name":"Financial crisis","level":2,"score":0.5853779911994934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204036174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909380","display_name":"Stock (firearms)","level":2,"score":0.49982118606567383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780299701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q475000","display_name":"Stock market","level":3,"score":0.43641069531440735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.4363196790218353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.41301488876342773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.3412664234638214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.30705440044403076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.06953775882720947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780762169","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5905368","display_name":"Horse","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.irfa.2019.02.001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2019.02.001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2019.02.001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145572626","display_name":"International Review of Financial Analysis","issn_l":"1057-5219","issn":["1057-5219","1873-8079"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Review of Financial Analysis","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:wrap.warwick.ac.uk:113563","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/113563/1/WRAP-tone-readability-media-during-financial-crisis-Imam-2019.pdf","pdf_url":"http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/113563/1/WRAP-tone-readability-media-during-financial-crisis-Imam-2019.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400665","display_name":"Warwick Research Archive Portal (University of Warwick)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","host_organization_name":"University of Warwick","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:eee:finana:v:63:y:2019:i:c:p:40-48","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S105752191930081X","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W152625176","https://openalex.org/W1500319737","https://openalex.org/W1602368597","https://openalex.org/W1981856116","https://openalex.org/W1984465657","https://openalex.org/W2052723881","https://openalex.org/W2052758069","https://openalex.org/W2073260340","https://openalex.org/W2073488258","https://openalex.org/W2081416478","https://openalex.org/W2091957067","https://openalex.org/W2096381076","https://openalex.org/W2101574484","https://openalex.org/W2103282000","https://openalex.org/W2120277987","https://openalex.org/W2126424896","https://openalex.org/W2140417734","https://openalex.org/W2141433594","https://openalex.org/W2143625851","https://openalex.org/W2162412465","https://openalex.org/W2169401476","https://openalex.org/W2324081453","https://openalex.org/W2333216399","https://openalex.org/W2558536524","https://openalex.org/W2602376258","https://openalex.org/W2774038327","https://openalex.org/W2802208015","https://openalex.org/W2898024901","https://openalex.org/W3121832054","https://openalex.org/W3122094160","https://openalex.org/W3122367063","https://openalex.org/W3122464274","https://openalex.org/W3122563224","https://openalex.org/W3122648618","https://openalex.org/W3122761064","https://openalex.org/W3122843332","https://openalex.org/W3122944446","https://openalex.org/W3123024510","https://openalex.org/W3123093168","https://openalex.org/W3123293316","https://openalex.org/W3123947178","https://openalex.org/W3124085131","https://openalex.org/W3124386010","https://openalex.org/W3124487186","https://openalex.org/W3124532232","https://openalex.org/W3124613598","https://openalex.org/W3125011952","https://openalex.org/W3125239153","https://openalex.org/W3125493359","https://openalex.org/W3125591525","https://openalex.org/W3125686936","https://openalex.org/W3125903987","https://openalex.org/W3126100507","https://openalex.org/W4255632349","https://openalex.org/W6680646080"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2962880119","https://openalex.org/W3126110997","https://openalex.org/W4241514154","https://openalex.org/W3004349643","https://openalex.org/W2259196278","https://openalex.org/W3124449629","https://openalex.org/W2557307385","https://openalex.org/W1982795296","https://openalex.org/W2978481535","https://openalex.org/W1539194089"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2019-02-21T00:00:00"}