{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2913500679","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1902.05689","title":"ForestFirewalls: Getting Firewall Configuration Right in Critical Networks (Technical Report)","display_name":"ForestFirewalls: Getting Firewall Configuration Right in Critical Networks (Technical Report)","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2913500679","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1902.05689","mag":"2913500679"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1902.05689","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1902.05689","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1902.05689","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1902.05689","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022847596","display_name":"Dinesha Ranathunga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8665-371X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8665-371X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123005","display_name":"ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers","ror":"https://ror.org/02vcqg248","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1337719021","https://openalex.org/I165779595","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4210123005","https://openalex.org/I4210132349"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"The University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259444","https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ranathunga, Dinesha","raw_affiliation_strings":["ACEMS , University of Adelaide , Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ACEMS , University of Adelaide , Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123005","https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016001264","display_name":"Matthew Roughan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7882-7329","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7882-7329"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123005","display_name":"ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers","ror":"https://ror.org/02vcqg248","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1337719021","https://openalex.org/I165779595","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4210123005","https://openalex.org/I4210132349"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"The University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259444","https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roughan, Matthew","raw_affiliation_strings":["ACEMS , University of Adelaide , Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ACEMS , University of Adelaide , Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123005","https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023909481","display_name":"Paul Tune","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2459-3168","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2459-3168"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123005","display_name":"ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers","ror":"https://ror.org/02vcqg248","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1337719021","https://openalex.org/I165779595","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4210123005","https://openalex.org/I4210132349"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"The University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259444","https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tune, Paul","raw_affiliation_strings":["ACEMS , University of Adelaide , Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ACEMS , University of Adelaide , Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123005","https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080315220","display_name":"Phil Kernick","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kernick, Phil","raw_affiliation_strings":["CQR Consulting , Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CQR Consulting , Australia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112207828","display_name":"Nick Falkner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"The University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259444","https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Falkner, Nick","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science , University of Adelaide , Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science , University of Adelaide , Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.48339998722076416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.48339998722076416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.3253999948501587,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12326","display_name":"Network Packet Processing and Optimization","score":0.13349999487400055,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firewall-configuration","display_name":"firewall configuration","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scada-networks","display_name":"SCADA networks","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-control-systems","display_name":"industrial control systems","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-policy-design","display_name":"security policy design","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/configuration-validation","display_name":"configuration validation","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-infrastructure-security","display_name":"critical infrastructure security","score":0.5540000200271606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113863187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17498","display_name":"SCADA","level":2,"score":0.9598677754402161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77714075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5452017","display_name":"Firewall (physics)","level":5,"score":0.8876394629478455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.7855692505836487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6337301731109619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.5375022888183594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4464949667453766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21457203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4056293","display_name":"Process automation system","level":3,"score":0.41038978099823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3622305989265442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.350415974855423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.33356788754463196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2702561616897583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.20453858375549316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183915046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1316152","display_name":"Charged black hole","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124017977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11412","display_name":"Gravitation","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115304011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72755","display_name":"Schwarzschild radius","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1902.05689","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1902.05689","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1902.05689","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2913500679","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1902.05689.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1902.05689","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1902.05689","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1902.05689","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1902.05689","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1902.05689","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1902.05689","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2913500679.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2913500679.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1493680306","https://openalex.org/W1554533402","https://openalex.org/W1627423202","https://openalex.org/W1678529581","https://openalex.org/W1807098818","https://openalex.org/W1860215963","https://openalex.org/W1895387792","https://openalex.org/W1923195206","https://openalex.org/W2001368028","https://openalex.org/W2002596950","https://openalex.org/W2007395635","https://openalex.org/W2011316745","https://openalex.org/W2015297508","https://openalex.org/W2021234005","https://openalex.org/W2042448840","https://openalex.org/W2056099894","https://openalex.org/W2084040756","https://openalex.org/W2099501333","https://openalex.org/W2127659081","https://openalex.org/W2130210899","https://openalex.org/W2134368869","https://openalex.org/W2138623315","https://openalex.org/W2171896920","https://openalex.org/W2482876642","https://openalex.org/W2492720262","https://openalex.org/W2513008240","https://openalex.org/W2619874920","https://openalex.org/W4233496684"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7095234124","https://openalex.org/W7217967109","https://openalex.org/W2492720262","https://openalex.org/W1553294397","https://openalex.org/W2047454730","https://openalex.org/W3022963982","https://openalex.org/W4223983754","https://openalex.org/W2513008240","https://openalex.org/W1559947292","https://openalex.org/W935737691"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Firewall":[0],"configuration":[1,110,133],"is":[2],"critical,":[3],"yet":[4],"often":[5],"conducted":[6],"manually":[7],"with":[8],"inevitable":[9],"errors,":[10],"leaving":[11],"networks":[12,35],"vulnerable":[13],"to":[14,73,108,123,144],"cyber":[15],"attack":[16],"[40].":[17],"The":[18],"impact":[19],"of":[20,40,120,131],"misconfigured":[21],"firewalls":[22],"can":[23,52],"be":[24],"catastrophic":[25],"in":[26],"Supervisory":[27],"Control":[28],"and":[29,47,59,100,106,126],"Data":[30],"Acquisition":[31],"(SCADA)":[32],"networks.":[33],"These":[34],"control":[36],"the":[37,94,118,132],"distributed":[38],"assets":[39],"industrial":[41],"systems":[42],"such":[43],"as":[44],"power":[45],"generation":[46],"water":[48],"distribution":[49],"systems.":[50],"Automation":[51],"make":[53],"designing":[54],"firewall":[55],"configurations":[56],"less":[57],"tedious":[58],"their":[60],"deployment":[61],"more":[62],"reliable.":[63],"In":[64],"this":[65],"paper,":[66],"we":[67],"propose":[68],"ForestFirewalls,":[69],"a":[70,121,124,140],"high-level":[71],"approach":[72,138],"configuring":[74],"SCADA":[75,142],"firewalls.":[76],"Our":[77],"goals":[78,115],"are":[79],"three-fold.":[80],"We":[81,112,135],"aim":[82],"to:":[83],"first,":[84],"decouple":[85],"implementation":[86,119],"details":[87],"from":[88],"security":[89],"policy":[90,98,122],"design":[91],"by":[92,116,127],"abstracting":[93],"former;":[95],"second,":[96],"simplify":[97],"design;":[99],"third,":[101],"provide":[102],"automated":[103],"checks,":[104],"pre":[105],"post-deployment,":[107],"guarantee":[109],"accuracy.":[111],"achieve":[113],"these":[114],"automating":[117],"network":[125,143],"auto-validating":[128],"each":[129],"stage":[130],"process.":[134],"test":[136],"our":[137],"on":[139],"real":[141],"demonstrate":[145],"its":[146],"effectiveness.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2019-02-21T00:00:00"}